第 19 节
作者:这就是结局      更新:2021-02-19 18:30      字数:9322
  present   state   of   the   fashion;   a   really   rare   uncut   Elzevir   may   be   worth
  hundreds   of   pounds;   while   a   cropped   example   scarcely   fetches   as   many
  shillings。     A set of Shakespeare's quartoes; uncut; would be worth more
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  than   a   respectable   landed   estate   in   Connemara。         For   these   reasons   the
  amateur   will   do   well   to   have   new   books   of   price   bound   〃uncut。〃       It   is
  always      easy   to  have    the  leaves    pared    away;    but   not   even   the   fabled
  fountain at Argos; in which Hera yearly renewed her maidenhood; could
  restore margins once clipped away。              So much for books which are chiefly
  precious   for   the   quantity   and   quality   of   the   material   on   which   they   are
  printed。     Even this rather foolish weakness of the amateur would not be
  useless   if   it   made   our   publishers   more   careful   to   employ   a   sound   clean
  hand…made   paper;   instead   of   drugged   trash;   for   their   more   valuable   new
  productions。 Indeed; a taste for hand…made paper is coming in; and is part
  of   the   revolt   against   the   passion    for   everything   machine…made;          which
  ruined art and handiwork in the years between 1840 and 1870。
  The third of M。 Brunet's categories of books of prose; includes livres
  de   luxe;   and   illustrated   literature。    Every   Christmas   brings   us   livres   de
  luxe   in   plenty;   books   which   are   no   books;   but   have   gilt   and   magenta
  covers;   and   great   staring   illustrations。      These   are   regarded   as   drawing…
  room  ornaments   by  people   who   never   read。           It   is   scarcely  necessary   to
  warn   the   collector   against   these   gaudy   baits   of   unregulated   Christmas
  generosity。      All ages have not produced quite such garish livres de luxe as
  ours。     But;   on   the   whole;   a   book   brought   out   merely   for   the   sake   of
  display;     is  generally      a  book     ill  〃got   up;〃    and    not   worth     reading。
  Moreover; it is generally a folio; or quarto; so large that he who tries to
  read it must support it on a kind of scaffolding。               In the class of illustrated
  books two   sorts   are   at   present   most   in demand。         The   ancient   woodcuts
  and engravings; often the work of artists like Holbein and Durer; can never
  lose   their   interest。   Among   old   illustrated   books;   the   most   famous;   and
  one of the rarest; is the 〃Hypnerotomachia Poliphili;〃 〃wherein all human
  matters are proved to be no more than a dream。〃                     This is an allegorical
  romance; published in 1499; for Francesco Colonna; by Aldus Manucius。
  Poliam       Frater    Franciscus       Columna       peramavit。      〃Brother      Francesco
  Colonna dearly loved Polia;〃 is the inscription and device of this romance。
  Poor Francesco; of the order of preachers; disguised in this strange work
  his   passion   for   a   lady   of   uncertain   name。    Here   is   a   translation   of   the
  passage   in   which   the   lady   describes   the   beginning   of   his   affection。      〃I
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  was standing; as is the manner of women young and fair; at the window; or
  rather    on   the  balcony;    of  my    palace。    My     yellow    hair;  the   charm    of
  maidens;      was    floating   round    my    shining    shoulders。     My     locks    were
  steeped in unguents that made them glitter like threads of gold; and they
  were slowly drying in the rays of the burning sun。                A handmaid; happy in
  her   task;   was   drawing   a   comb   through   my   tresses;   and   surely   these   of
  Andromeda seemed not more lovely to Perseus; nor to Lucius the locks of
  Photis。 {6}      On a sudden; Poliphilus beheld me; and could not withdraw
  from me his glances of fire; and even in that moment a ray of the sun of
  love was kindled in his heart。〃
  The fragment is itself a picture from the world of the Renaissance。 We
  watch the   blonde;  learned lady;  dreaming   of   Perseus;  and   Lucius;  Greek
  lovers   of   old   time;   while   the   sun   gilds   her   yellow   hair;   and   the   young
  monk;   passing   below;   sees   and   loves;   and   〃falls   into   the   deep   waters   of
  desire。〃     The lover is no less learned than the lady; and there is a great
  deal of amorous archaeology in his account of his voyage to Cythera。                      As
  to the designs in wood; quaint in their vigorous effort to be classical; they
  have     been   attributed    to  Mantegna;      to  Bellini;  and    other   artists。  Jean
  Cousin   is   said   to   have   executed   the   imitations;   in   the   Paris   editions   of
  1546; 1556; and 1561。
  The 〃Hypnerotomachia〃 seems to deserve notice; because it is the very
  type of the books that are dear to collectors; as distinct from the books that;
  in any shape; are for ever valuable to the world。              A cheap Tauchnitz copy
  of the Iliad and Odyssey; or a Globe Shakespeare; are; from the point of
  view   of   literature;   worth   a   wilderness   of   〃Hypnerotomachiae。〃           But   a
  clean copy of the 〃Hypnerotomachia;〃 especially on VELLUM; is one of
  the jewels of bibliography。          It has all the right qualities; it is very rare; it
  is very beautiful as a work of art; it is curious and even bizarre; it is the
  record of a strange time; and a strange passion; it is a relic; lastly; of its
  printer; the great and good Aldus Manutius。
  Next   to   the   old   woodcuts   and   engravings;   executed   in   times   when
  artists   were   versatile   and   did   not   disdain   even   to   draw   a   book…plate   (as
  Durer did for Pirckheimer); the designs of the French 〃little masters;〃 are
  at   present   in   most   demand。      The   book   illustrations   of   the   seventeenth
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  century are curious enough; and invaluable as authorities on manners and
  costume。      But the attitudes of the figures are too often stiff and ungainly;
  while the composition is frequently left to chance。                England could show
  nothing much better than Ogilby's translations of Homer; illustrated with
  big florid engravings in sham antique style。             The years between 1730 and
  1820; saw the French 〃little masters〃 in their perfection。               The dress of the
  middle   of   the   eighteenth   century;   of   the   age   of   Watteau;   was   precisely
  suited to the gay and graceful pencils of Gravelot; Moreau; Eisen; Boucher;
  Cochin;     Marillier;    and   Choffard。     To   understand     their   merits;   and   the
  limits of their art; it is enough to glance through a series of the designs for
  Voltaire;    Corneille;    or  Moliere。     The     drawings     of  society    are  almost
  invariably   dainty   and   pleasing;   the   serious   scenes   of   tragedy   leave   the
  spectator quite unmoved。           Thus it is but natural that these artists should
  have shone most in the illustration of airy trifles like Dorat's 〃Baisers;〃 or
  tales like Manon Lescaut; or in designing tailpieces for translations of the
  Greek      idyllic  poets;    such   as   Moschus      and   Bion。     In    some    of   his
  illustrations     of   books;    especially;    perhaps;     in   the   designs    for   〃La
  Physiologie      de   Gout〃    (Jouaust;    Paris;   1879);    M。   Lalauze    has   shown
  himself the worthy rival of Eisen and Cochin。 Perhaps it is unnecessary to
  add   that   the   beauty   and   value   of   all   such  engravings   depends      almost
  entirely on their 〃state。〃       The earlier proofs are much more brilliant than
  those drawn later; and etchings on fine papers are justly preferred。                    For
  example;   M。   Lalauze's   engravings   on   〃Whatman   paper;〃   have   a   beauty
  which could scarcely be guessed by people who have only seen specimens
  on   〃papier   verge。〃     Every   collector   of   the   old   French   vignettes;   should
  possess     himself     of  the   〃Guide     de   l'amateur;〃    by   M。    Henry    Cohen
  (Rouquette;      Paris;   1880)。     Among       English    illustrated   books;    various
  tastes   prefer   the   imaginative   works   of   William   Blake;   the   etchings   of
  Cruikshank; and the woodcuts of Bewick。                 The whole of the last chapter
  of this sketch is devoted; by Mr。 Austin Dobson; to the topic of English
  illustrated books。       Here it may