第 5 节
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changes in them are the changes that Prior or La Bruyere themselves made
and approved。 You can study; in these old editions; the alterations in
their taste; the history of their minds。 The case is the same even with
contemporary authors。 One likes to have Mr。 Tennyson's 〃Poems; chiefly
Lyrical〃 (London: Effingham Wilson; Royal Exchange; Cornhill; 1830)。
It is fifty years old; this little book of one hundred and fifty…four pages;
this first fruit of a stately tree。 In half a century the poet has altered much;
and withdrawn much; but already; in 1830; he had found his distinctive
note; and his 〃Mariana〃 is a masterpiece。 〃Mariana〃 is in all the
collections; but pieces of which the execution is less certain must be
sought only in the old volume of 1830。 In the same way 〃The Strayed
Reveller; and other poems; by A。〃 (London: B。 Fellowes; Ludgate
Street; 1849) contains much that Mr。 Matthew Arnold has altered; and this
volume; like the suppressed 〃Empedocles on Etna; and other Poems; by
A。〃 (1852); appeals more to the collector than do the new editions which
all the world may possess。 There are verses; curious in their way; in Mr。
Clough's 〃Ambarvalia〃 (1849); which you will not find in his posthumous
edition; but which 〃repay perusal。〃 These minutiae of literary history
become infinitely more important in the early editions of the great
classical writers; and the book…collector may regard his taste as a kind of
handmaid of critical science。 The preservation of rare books; and the
collection of materials for criticism; are the useful functions; then; of
book…collecting。 But it is not to be denied that the sentimental side of the
pursuit gives it most of its charm。 Old books are often literary relics; and
as dear and sacred to the lover of literature as are relics of another sort to
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the religious devotee。 The amateur likes to see the book in its form as the
author knew it。 He takes a pious pleasure in the first edition of 〃Les
Precieuses Ridicules;〃 (M。DC。LX。) just as Moliere saw it; when he was
fresh in the business of authorship; and wrote 〃Mon Dieu; qu'un Autheur
est neuf; la premiere fois qu'on l'imprime。〃 All editions published during
a great man's life have this attraction; and seem to bring us closer to his
spirit。 Other volumes are relics; as we shall see later; of some famed
collector; and there is a certain piety in the care we give to books once
dear to Longepierre; or Harley; or d'Hoym; or Buckle; to Madame de
Maintenon; or Walpole; to Grolier; or Askew; or De Thou; or Heber。 Such
copies should be handed down from worthy owners to owners not
unworthy; such servants of literature should never have careless masters。
A man may prefer to read for pleasure in a good clear reprint。 M。
Charpentier's 〃Montaigne〃 serves the turn; but it is natural to treasure
more 〃Les Essais de Michel Seigneur de Montaigne;〃 that were printed by
Francoise le Febre; of Lyon; in 1595。 It is not a beautiful book; the type
is small; and rather blunt; but William Drummond of Hawthornden has
written on the title… page his name and his device; Cipresso e Palma。
There are a dozen modern editions of Moliere more easily read than the
four little volumes of Wetstein (Amsterdam; 1698); but these contain
reduced copies of the original illustrations; and here you see Arnolphe and
Agnes in their habits as they lived; Moliere and Mdlle。 de Brie as the
public of Paris beheld them more than two hundred years ago。 Suckling's
〃Fragmenta Aurea〃 contain a good deal of dross; and most of the gold has
been gathered into Miscellanies; but the original edition of 1646; 〃after his
own copies;〃 with the portrait of the jolly cavalier who died aetatis suae 28;
has its own allurement。 Theocritus is more easily read; perhaps; in
Wordsworth's edition; or Ziegler's; but that which Zacharias Calliergi
printed in Rome (1516); with an excommunication from Leo X。 against
infringement of copyright; will always be a beautiful and desirable book;
especially when bound by Derome。 The gist of the pious Prince Conti's
strictures on the wickedness of comedy may be read in various literary
histories; but it is natural to like his 〃Traite de la Comedie selon la
tradition de l'Eglise; Tiree des Conciles et des saints Peres;〃 published by
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Lovys Billaine in 1660; especially when the tract is a clean copy; arrayed
in a decorous black morocco。
These are but a few common examples; chosen from a meagre little
library; a 〃twopenny treasure…house;〃 but they illustrate; on a minute scale;
the nature of the collector's passion;the character of his innocent
pleasures。 He occasionally lights on other literary relics of a more
personal character than mere first editions。 A lucky collector lately
bought Shelley's copy of Ossian; with the poet's signature on the title…page;
in Booksellers' Row。 Another possesses a copy of Foppens's rare edition
of Petrarch's 〃Le Sage Resolu contre l'une et l'autre Fortune;〃 which once
belonged to Sir Hudson Lowe; the gaoler of Napoleon; and may have
fortified; by its stoical maxims; the soul of one who knew the extremes of
either fortune; the captive of St。 Helena。 But the best example of a book;
which is also a relic; is the 〃Imitatio Christi;〃 which belonged to J。 J。
Rousseau。 Let M。 Tenant de Latour; lately the happy owner of this
possession; tell his own story of his treasure: It was in 1827 that M。 de
Latour was walking on the quai of the Louvre。 Among the volumes in a
shop; he noticed a shabby little copy of the 〃Imitatio Christi。〃 M。 de
Latour; like other bibliophiles; was not in the habit of examining stray
copies of this work; except when they were of the Elzevir size; for the
Elzevirs published a famous undated copy of the 〃Imitatio;〃 a book which
brings considerable prices。 However; by some lucky chance; some
Socratic daemon whispering; may be; in his ear; he picked up the little
dingy volume of the last century。 It was of a Paris edition; 1751; but
what was the name on the fly…leaf。 M。 de Latour read a J。 J。 Rousseau。
There was no mistake about it; the good bibliophile knew Rousseau's
handwriting perfectly well; to make still more sure he paid his seventy…
five centimes for the book; and walked across the Pont des Arts; to his
bookbinder's; where he had a copy of Rousseau's works; with a facsimile
of his handwriting。 As he walked; M。 de Latour read in his book; and
found notes of Rousseau's on the margin。 The facsimile proved that the
inscription was genuine。 The happy de Latour now made for the public
office in which he was a functionary; and rushed into the bureau of his
friend the Marquis de V。 The Marquis; a man of great strength of
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character; recognised the signature of Rousseau with but little display of
emotion。 M。 de Latour now noticed some withered flowers among the
sacred pages; but it was reserved for a friend to discover in the faded
petals Rousseau's favourite flower; the periwinkle。 Like a true
Frenchman; like Rousseau himself in his younger days; M。 de Latour had
not recognised the periwink