for　when　the　de　Rham　cottage　was　built　and　Mrs。　Cleveland　opened
  her　new　house　at　the　extreme　end　of　Rough　Point　（the　second　summer
  residence　in　the　place）　it　is　doubtful　if　a　single　tree　broke　the
  rocky　monotony　of　the　landscape　from　the　Ocean　House　to　Bateman's
  Point。
  Governor　Lawrence；　having　sold　one　acre　of　his　Ochre　Point　farm　to
  Mr。　Pendleton　for　the　price　he　himself　had　paid　for　the　whole；
  proceeded　to　build　a　stone　wall　between　the　two　properties　down　to
  the　water's　edge。　　The　population　of　Newport　had　been　accustomed　to
  take　their　Sunday　airings　and　moonlight　rambles　along　〃the　cliffs；〃
  and　viewed　this　obstruction　of　their　favorite　walk　with　dismay。　　So
  strong　was　their　feeling　that　when　the　wall　was　completed　the　young
  men　of　the　town　repaired　there　in　the　night　and　tore　it　down。　　It
  was　rebuilt；　the　mortar　being　mixed　with　broken　glass。　　This
  infuriated　the　people　to　such　an　extent　that　the　whole　populace；　in
  broad　daylight；　accompanied　by　the　summer　visitors；　destroyed　the
  wall　and　threw　the　materials　into　the　sea。　　Lawrence；　bent　on
  maintaining　what　he　considered　his　rights；　called　the　law　to　his
  aid。　　It　was　then　discovered　that　an　immemorial　riverain　right　gave
  the　fishermen　and　the　public　generally；　access　to　the　shore　for
  fishing；　and　also　to　collect　seaweed；　…　a　right　of　way　that　no　one
  could　obstruct。
  This　was　the　beginning　of　the　long　struggle　between　the　cliff…
  dwellers　and　the　townspeople；　each　new　property…owner；　disgusted　at
  the　idea　that　all　the　world　can　stroll　at　will　across　his　well…kept
  lawns；　has　in　turn　tried　his　hand　at　suppressing　the　now　famous
  〃walk。〃　　Not　only　do　the　public　claim　the　liberty　to　walk　there；
  but　also　the　right　to　cross　any　property　to　get　to　the　shore。　　At
  this　moment　the　city　fathers　and　the　committee　of　the　new　buildings
  at　Bailey's　Beach　are　wrangling　as　gayly　as　in　Governor　Lawrence's
  day　over　a　bit　of　wall　lately　constructed　across　the　end　of
  Bellevue　Avenue。　　A　new　expedient　has　been　hit　upon　by　some　of　the
  would…be　exclusive　owners　of　the　cliffs；　they　have　lowered　the
  〃walk〃　out　of　sight；　thus　insuring　their　own　privacy　and　in　no　way
  interfering　with　the　rights　of　the　public。
  Among　the　gentlemen　who　settled　in　Newport　about　Governor
  Lawrence's　time　was　Lord　Baltimore　（Mr。　Calvert；　he　preferred　to
  call　himself）；　who　remained　there　until　his　death。　　He　was　shy　of
  referring　to　his　English　peerage；　but　would　willingly　talk　of　his
  descent　through　his　mother　from　Peter　Paul　Rubens；　from　whom　had
  come　down　to　him　a　chateau　in　Holland　and　several　splendid
  paintings。　　The　latter　hung　in　the　parlor　of　the　modest　little
  dwelling；　where　I　was　taken　to　see　them　and　their　owner　many　years
  ago。　　My　introducer　on　this　occasion　was　herself　a　lady　of　no
  ordinary　birth；　being　the　daughter　of　Stuart；　our　greatest　portrait
  painter。　　I　have　passed　many　quiet　hours　in　the　quaint　studio　（the
  same　her　father　had　used）；　hearing　her　prattle　…　as　she　loved　to　do
  if　she　found　a　sympathetic　listener　…　of　her　father；　of　Washington
  and　his　pompous　ways；　and　the　many　celebrities　who　had　in　turn
  posed　before　Stuart's　easel。　　She　had　been　her　father's　companion
  and　aid；　present　at　the　sittings；　preparing　his　brushes　and　colors；
  and　painting　in　backgrounds　and　accessories；　and　would　willingly
  show　his　palette　and　explain　his　methods　and　theories　of　color；　his
  predilection　for　scrumbling　shadows　thinly　in　black　and　then
  painting　boldly　in　with　body　color。　　Her　lessons　had　not　profited
  much　to　the　gentle；　kindly　old　lady；　for　the　productions　of　her　own
  brush　were　far　from　resembling　her　great　parent's　work。　　She；
  however；　painted　cheerfully　on　to　life's　close；　surrounded　by　her
  many　friends；　foremost　among　whom　was　Charlotte　Cushman；　who　also
  passed　the　last　years　of　her　life　in　Newport。　　Miss　Stuart　was　over
  eighty　when　I　last　saw　her；　still　full　of　spirit　and　vigor；
  beginning　the　portrait　of　a　famous　beauty　of　that　day；　since　the
  wife　and　mother　of　dukes。
  Miss　Stuart's　death　seems　to　close　one　of　the　chapters　in　the
  history　of　this　city；　and　to　break　the　last　connecting　link　with
  its　past。　　The　world　moves　so　quickly　that　the　simple　days　and
  modest　amusements　of　our　fathers　and　grandfathers　have　already
  receded　into　misty　remoteness。　　We　look　at　their　portraits　and
  wonder　vaguely　at　their　graceless　costumes。　　We　know　they　trod
  these　same　streets；　and　laughed　and　flirted　and　married　as　we　are
  doing　to…day；　but　they　seem　to　us　strangely　far　away；　like
  inhabitants　of　another　sphere！
  It　is　humiliating　to　think　how　soon　we；　too；　shall　have　become　the
  ancestors　of　a　new　and　careless　generation；　fresh　faces　will
  replace　our　faded　ones；　young　voices　will　laugh　as　they　look　at　our
  portraits　hanging　in　dark　corners；　wondering　who　we　were；　and
  （criticising　the　apparel　we　think　so　artistic　and　appropriate）　how
  we　could　ever　have　made　such　guys　of　ourselves。
  CHAPTER　38　…　A　Conquest　of　Europe
  THE　most　important　event　in　modern　history　is　the　discovery　of
  Europe　by　the　Americans。　　Before　it；　the　peoples　of　the　Old　World
  lived　happy　and　contented　in　their　own　countries；　practising　the
  patriarchal　virtues　handed　down　to　them　from　generations　of
  forebears；　ignoring　alike　the　vices　and　benefits　of　modern
  civilization；　as　understood　on　this　side　of　the　Atlantic。　　The
  simple…minded　Europeans　remained　at　home；　satisfied　with　the　rank
  in　life　where　they　had　been　born；　and　innocent　of　the　ways　of　the
  new　world。
  These　peoples　were；　on　the　whole；　not　so　much　to　be　pitied；　for
  they　had　many　pleasing　crafts　and　arts　unknown　to　the　invaders；
  which　had　enabled　them　to　decorate　their　capitals　with　taste　in　a
  rude　way；　nothing　really　great　like　the　lofty　buildings　and
  elevated　railway　structures；　executed　in　American　cities；　but
  interesting　as　showing　what　an　ingenious　race；　deprived　of　the
  secrets　of　modern　science；　could　accomplish。
  The　more　aesthetic　of　the　newcomers　even　affected　to　admire　the
  antiquated　places　of　worship　and　residences　they　visited　abroad；
  pointing　out　to　their　compatriots　that　in　many　cases　marble；　bronze
  and　other　old…fashioned　materials　had　been　so　cleverly　treated　as
  to　look　almost　like　the　superior　cast…iron　employed　at　home；　and
  that　some　of　the　old　paintings；　preserved　with　veneration　in　the
  museums；　had　nearly　the　brilliancy　of　modern　chromos。　　As　their
  authors　had；　however；　neglected　to　use　a　process　lending　itself　to
  rapid　reproduction；　they　were　of　no　practical　value。　　In　other
  ways；　the　continental　races；　when　discovered；　were　sadly　behind　the
  times。　　In　business；　they　ignored　the　use　of　〃corners；〃　that
  backbone　of　American　trade；　and　their　ideas　of　advertising　were　but
  little　in　advance　of　those　known　among　the　ancient　Greeks。
  The　discovery　of　Europe　by　the　Americans　was　made　about　1850；　at
  which　date　the　first　bands　of　adventurers　crossed　the　seas　in
  search　of　amusement。　　The　reports　these　pioneers　brought　back　of
  the　NAIVETE；　politeness；　and　gullibility　of　the　natives；　and　the
  cheapness　of　existence　in　their　cities；　caused　a　general　exodus
  from　the　western　to　the　eastern　hemisphere。　　Most　of　the　Americans
  who　had　used　up　their　credit　at　home　and　those　whose　incomes　were
  insufficient　for　their　wants；　immediately　migrated　to　these　happy
  hunting　grounds；　where　life　was　inexpensive　and　credit　unlimited。
  The　first　arrivals　enjoyed　for　some　twenty　years　unique
  opportunities。　　They　were　able　to　live　in　splendor　for　a　pittance
  that　would　barely　have　kept　them　in　necessaries　on　their　own　side
  of　the　Atlantic；　and　to　pick　up　valuable　specimens　of　native
  handiwork　for　nominal　sums。　　In　those　happy　days；　to　belong　to　the
  invading　race　was　a　sufficient　passport　to　the　good　graces　of　the
  Europeans；　who　asked　no　other　guarantees　before　trading　with　the
  newcomers；　but　flocked　around　them；　offering　their　services　and
  their　primitive　manufactures；　convinced　that　Americans　were　all
  wealthy。
  Alas！　　History　ever　repeats　itself。　　As　Mexicans　and　Peruvians；
  after　receiving　their　conquerors　with　confidence　and　enthusiasm；
  came　to　rue　the　day　they　had　opened　their　arms　to　strangers；　so　the
  European　peoples；　before　a　quarter　of　a　century　was　over；　realized
  that　the　hordes　from　across　the　sea　who　were　over…running　their
  lands；　raising　prices；　crowding　the　native　students　out　of　the
  schools；　and　finally　attempting　to　force　an　entrance　into　society；
  had　little　to　recommend　them　or　justify　their　presence　except
  money。　　Even　in　this　some　of　the　intruders　were　unsatisfactory。
  Those　who　had　been　received　into　the　〃bosom〃　of　hotels　often　forgot
  to　settle　before　departing。　　The　continental　women　who　had　provided
  the　wives　of　discoverers　with　the　raiment　of　the　country　（a　luxury
  greatly　affected　by　those　ladies）　found；　to　their　disgust；　that
  th