society；　and　are　apt　to　be　involved　in　bitter　strife　among
  themselves。
  Why；　you　ask；　should　Americans　quarrel　among　themselves？
  Some　years　ago　I　was　passing　the　summer　months　on　the　Rhine　at　a
  tiny　German　watering…place；　principally　frequented　by　English；　who
  were　all　living　together　in　great　peace　and　harmony；　until　one
  fatal　day；　when　an　Earl　appeared。　　He　was　a　poor　Irish　Earl；　very
  simple　and　unoffending；　but　he　brought　war　into　that　town；　heart…
  burnings；　envy；　and　backbiting。　　The　English　colony　at　once　divided
  itself　into　two　camps；　those　who　knew　the　Earl　and　those　who　did
  not。　　And　peace　fled　from　our　little　society。　　You　will　find　in
  every　foreign　capital　among　the　resident　Americans；　just　such　a
  state　of　affairs　as　convulsed　that　German　spa。　　The　native　〃swells〃
  have　come　to　be　the　apple　of　discord　that　divides　our　good　people
  among　themselves。　　Those　who　have　been　successful　in　knowing　the
  foreigners　avoid　their　compatriots　and　live　with　their　new　friends；
  while　the　other　group　who；　from　laziness；　disinclination；　or
  principle　（？）　have　remained　true　to　their　American　circle；　cannot
  resist　calling　the　others　snobs；　and　laughing　（a　bit　enviously；
  perhaps）　at　their　upward　struggles。
  It　is　the　same　in　Florence。　　The　little　there　was　left　of　an
  American　society　went　to　pieces　on　that　rock。　　Our　parents　forty
  years　ago　seem　to　me　to　have　been　much　more　self…respecting　and
  sensible。　　They　knew　perfectly　well　that　there　was　nothing　in
  common　between　themselves　and　the　Italian　nobility；　and　that　those
  good　people　were　not　going　to　put　themselves　out　to　make　the
  acquaintance　of　a　lot　of　strangers；　mostly　of　another　religion；
  unless　it　was　to　be　materially　to　their　advantage。　　So　they　left
  them　quietly　alone。　　I　do　not　pretend　to　judge　any　one's　motives；
  but　confess　I　cannot　help　regarding　with　suspicion　a　foreigner　who
  leaves　his　own　circle　to　mingle　with　strangers。　　It　resembles　too
  closely　the　amiabilities　of　the　wolf　for　the　lamb；　or　the　sudden
  politeness　of　a　school…boy　to　a　little　girl　who　has　received　a　box
  of　candies。
  CHAPTER　37　…　The　Newport　of　the　Past
  FEW　of　the　〃carriage　ladies　and　gentlemen〃　who　disport　themselves
  in　Newport　during　the　summer　months；　yachting　and　dancing　through
  the　short　season；　then　flitting　away　to　fresh　fields　and　pastures
  new；　realize　that　their　daintily　shod　feet　have　been　treading
  historic　ground；　or　care　to　cast　a　thought　back　to　the　past。　　Oddly
  enough；　to　the　majority　of　people　the　past　is　a　volume　rarely
  opened。　　Not　that　it　bores　them　to　read　it；　but　because　they；　like
  children；　want　some　one　to　turn　over　its　yellow　leaves　and　point
  out　the　pictures　to　them。　　Few　of　the　human　motes　that　dance　in　the
  rays　of　the　afternoon　sun　as　they　slant　across　the　little　Park；
  think　of　the　fable　which　asserts　that　a　sea…worn　band　of
  adventurous　men；　centuries　before　the　Cabots　or　the　Genoese
  discoverer　thought　of　crossing　the　Atlantic；　had　pushed　bravely　out
  over　untried　seas　and　landed　on　this　rocky　coast。　　Yet　one　apparent
  evidence　of　their　stay　tempts　our　thoughts　back　to　the　times　when
  it　is　said　to　have　been　built　as　a　bower　for　a　king's　daughter。
  Longfellow；　in　the　swinging　verse　of　his　〃Skeleton　in　Armor；〃
  breathing　of　the　sea　and　the　Norseman's　fatal　love；　has　thrown　such
  a　glamour　of　poetry　around　the　tower；　that　one　would　fain　believe
  all　he　relates。　　The　hardy　Norsemen；　if　they　ever　came　here；
  succumbed　in　their　struggle　with　the　native　tribes；　or；　discouraged
  by　death　and　hardships；　sailed　away；　leaving　the　clouds　of　oblivion
  to　close　again　darkly　around　this　continent；　and　the　fog　of
  discussion　to　circle　around　the　〃Old　Mill。〃
  The　little　settlement　of　another　race；　speaking　another　tongue；
  that　centuries　later　sprang　up　in　the　shadow　of　the　tower；　quickly
  grew　into　a　busy　and　prosperous　city；　which；　like　New　York；　its
  rival；　was　captured　and　held　by　the　English。　　To　walk　now　through
  some　of　its　quaint；　narrow　streets　is　to　step　back　into
  Revolutionary　days。　　Hardly　a　house　has　changed　since　the　time　when
  the　red　coats　of　the　British　officers　brightened　the　prim
  perspectives；　and　turned　loyal　young　heads　as　they　passed。
  At　the　corner　of　Spring　and　Pelham　Streets；　still　stands　the
  residence　of　General　Prescott；　who　was　carried　away　prisoner　by　his
  opponents；　they　having　rowed　down　in　whale…boats　from　Providence
  for　the　attack。　　Rochambeau；　our　French　ally；　lodged　lower　down　in
  Mary　Street。　　In　the　tower　of　Trinity；　one　can　read　the　epitaph　of
  the　unfortunate　Chevalier　de　Ternay；　commander　of　the　sea　forces；
  whose　body　lies　near　by。　　Many　years　later　his　relative；　the　Duc　de
  Noailles；　when　Minister　to　this　country；　had　this　simple　tablet
  repaired　and　made　a　visit　to　the　spot。
  A　long　period　of　prosperity　followed　the　Revolution；　during　which
  Newport　grew　and　flourished。　　Our　pious　and　God…fearing　〃forbears；〃
  having　secured　personal　and　religious　liberty；　proceeded　to
  inaugurate　a　most　successful　and　remunerative　trade　in　rum　and
  slaves。　　It　was　a　triangular　transaction　and　yielded　a　three…fold
  profit。　　The　simple　population　of　that　day；　numbering　less　than　ten
  thousand　souls；　possessed　twenty　distilleries；　finding　it　a
  physical　impossibility　to　drink　ALL　the　rum；　they　conceived　the
  happy　thought　of　sending　the　surplus　across　to　the　coast　of　Africa；
  where　it　appears　to　have　been　much　appreciated　by　the　native
  chiefs；　who　eagerly　exchanged　the　pick　of　their　loyal　subjects　for
  that　liquid。　　These　poor　brutes　were　taken　to　the　West　Indies　and
  exchanged　for　sugar；　laden　with　which；　the　vessels　returned　to
  Newport。
  Having　introduced　the　dusky　chieftains　to　the　charms　of　delirium
  tremens　and　their　subjects　to　life…long　slavery；　one　can　almost　see
  these　pious　deacons　proceeding　to　church　to　offer　up　thanks　for　the
  return　of　their　successful　vessels。　　Alas！　even　〃the　best　laid
  schemes　of　mice　and　men〃　come　to　an　end。　　The　War　of　1812；　the
  opening　of　the　Erie　Canal　and　sundry　railways　struck　a　blow　at
  Newport　commerce；　from　which　it　never　recovered。　　The　city　sank
  into　oblivion；　and　for　over　thirty　years　not　a　house　was　built
  there。
  It　was　not　until　near　1840　that　the　Middletons　and　Izzards　and
  other　wealthy　and　aristocratic　Southern　families　were　tempted　to
  Newport　by　the　climate　and　the　facilities　it　offered　for　bathing；
  shooting　and　boating。　　A　boarding…house　or　two　sufficed　for　the
  modest　wants　of　the　new…comers；　first　among　which　stood　the
  Aquidneck；　presided　over　by　kind　Mrs。　Murray。　　It　was　not　until
  some　years　later；　when　New　York　and　Boston　families　began　to
  appreciate　the　place；　that　the　first　hotels　were　built；　…　the
  Atlantic　on　the　square　facing　the　old　mill；　the　Bellevue　and
  Fillmore　on　Catherine　Street；　and　finally　the　original　Ocean　House；
  destroyed　by　fire　in　1845　and　rebuilt　as　we　see　it　to…day。　　The
  croakers　of　the　epoch　considered　it　much　too　far　out　of　town　to　be
  successful；　for　at　its　door　the　open　fields　began；　a　gate　there
  separating　the　town　from　the　country　across　which　a　straggling；
  half…made　road；　closed　by　innumerable　gates；　led　along　the　cliffs
  and　out　across　what　is　now　the　Ocean　Drive。　　The　principal　roads　at
  that　time　led　inland；　any　one　wishing　to　drive　seaward　had　to
  descend　every　two　or　three　minutes　to　open　a　gate。　　The　youth　of
  the　day　discovered　a　source　of　income　in　opening　and　closing　these
  for　pennies。
  Fashion　had　decreed　that　the　correct　hour　for　dancing　was　11　A。M。；
  and　MATINEES　DANSANTES　were　regularly　given　at　the　hotels；　our
  grandmothers　appearing　in　DECOLLETE　muslin　frocks　adorned　with
  broad　sashes；　and　disporting　themselves　gayly　until　the　dinner
  hour。　　Low…neck　dresses　were　the　rule；　not　only　for　these　informal
  entertainments；　but　as　every…day　wear　for　young　girls；　…　an　old
  lady　only　the　other　day　telling　me　she　had　never　worn　a　〃high…body〃
  until　after　her　marriage。　　Two　o'clock　found　all　the　beauties　and
  beaux　dining。　　How　incredulously　they　would　have　laughed　if　any　one
  had　prophesied　that　their　grandchildren　would　prefer　eight　forty…
  five　as　a　dinner　hour！
  The　opening　of　Bellevue　Avenue　marked　another　epoch　in　the　history
  of　Newport。　　About　that　time　Governor　Lawrence　bought　the　whole　of
  Ochre　Point　farm　for　fourteen　thousand　dollars；　and　Mr。　de　Rham
  built　on　the　newly　opened　road　the　first　〃cottage；〃　which　stands
  to…day　modestly　back　from　the　avenue　opposite　Perry　Street。　　If
  houses　have　souls；　as　Hawthorne　averred；　and　can　remember　and
  compare；　what　curious　thoughts　must　pass　through　the　oaken　brain　of
  this　simple　construction　as　it　sees　its　marble　neighbors　rearing
  their　vast　facades　among　trees。　　The　trees；　too；　are　an　innovation；
  for　when　the　de　Rham　cottage　was　built　and　Mrs。　Cleveland　opened
  her　new　house　at　the　extreme　end　of　Rough　Point　（the　second　sum