that　immigration　now　brings　us；　from　countries　where　great　class
  distinctions　exist；　find　it　natural　to　〃serve。〃　　With　the　increase
  in　education　and　consequent　self…respect；　the　difficulty　of　getting
  efficient　and　contented　servants　will　increase　with　us。　　It　has
  already　become　a　great　social　problem　in　England。　　The　trouble　lies
  beneath　the　surface。　　If　a　superior　class　accept　service　at　all；　it
  is　with　the　intention　of　quickly　getting　money　enough　to　do
  something　better。　　With　them　service　is　merely　the　means　to　an　end。
  A　first　step　on　the　ladder！
  Bad　masters　are　the　cause　of　so　much　suffering；　that　to　protect
  themselves；　the　great　brother…hood　of　servants　have　imagined　a
  system　of　keeping　run　of　〃places；〃　and　giving　them　a　〃character〃
  which　an　aspirant　can　find　out　with　little　trouble。　　This
  organization　is　so　complete；　and　so　well　carried　out；　that　a
  household　where　the　lady　has　a　〃temper；〃　where　the　food　is　poor；　or
  which　breaks　up　often；　can　rarely　get　a　first…class　domestic。　　The
  〃place〃　has　been　boycotted；　a　good　servant　will　sooner　remain　idle
  than　enter　it。　　If　circumstances　are　too　much　for　him　and　he
  accepts　the　situation；　it　is　with　his　eyes　open；　knowing　infinitely
  more　about　his　new　employers　and　their　failings　than　they　dream　of；
  or　than　they　could　possibly　find　out　about　him。
  One　thing　never　can　be　sufficiently　impressed　on　people；　viz。：　that
  we　are　forced　to　live　with　detectives；　always　behind　us　in　caps　or
  dress…suits；　ready　to　note　every　careless　word；　every　incautious
  criticism　of　friend　or　acquaintance　…　their　money　matters　or　their
  love　affairs　…　and　who　have　nothing　more　interesting　to　do　than　to
  repeat　what　they　have　heard；　with　embroideries　and　additions　of
  their　own。　　Considering　this；　and　that　nine　people　out　of　ten　talk
  quite　oblivious　of　their　servants'　presence；　it　is　to　be　wondered
  at　that　so　little　（and　not　that　so　much）　trouble　is　made。
  It　always　amuses　me　when　I　ask　a　friend　if　she　is　going　abroad　in
  the　spring；　to　have　her　say　〃Hush！〃　with　a　frightened　glance
  towards　the　door。
  〃I　am；　but　I　do　not　want　the　servants　to　know；　or　the　horrid　things
  would　leave　me！〃
  Poor；　simple　lady！　　They　knew　it　before　you　did；　and　had　discussed
  the　whole　matter　over　their　〃tea〃　while　it　was　an　almost　unuttered
  thought　in　your　mind。　　If　they　have　not　already　given　you　notice；
  it　is　because；　on　the　whole　your　house　suits　them　well　enough　for
  the　present；　while　they　look　about。　　Do　not　worry　your　simple　soul；
  trying　to　keep　anything　from　them。　　They　know　the　amount　of　your
  last　dressmaker's　bill；　and　the　row　your　husband　made　over　it。
  They　know　how　much　you　would　have　liked　young　〃Croesus〃　for　your
  daughter；　and　the　little　tricks　you　played　to　bring　that　marriage
  about。　　They　know　why　you　are　no　longer　asked　to　dine　at　Mrs。
  Swell's；　which　is　more　than　you　know　yourself。　　Mrs。　Swell
  explained　the　matter　to　a　few　friends　over　her　lunch…table
  recently；　and　the　butler　told　your　maid　that　same　evening；　who　was
  laughing　at　the　story　as　she　put　on　your　slippers！
  Before　we　blame　them　too　much；　however；　let　us　remember　that　they
  have　it　in　their　power　to　make　great　trouble　if　they　choose。　　And
  considering　the　little　that　is　made　in　this　way；　we　must　conclude
  that；　on　the　whole；　they　are　better　than　we　give　them　credit　for
  being；　and　fill　a　trying　situation　with　much　good　humor　and
  kindliness。　　The　lady　who　is　astonished　that　they　take　so　little
  interest　in　her；　will　perhaps　feel　differently　if　she　reflects　how
  little　trouble　she　has　given　herself　to　find　out　their　anxieties
  and　griefs；　their　temptations　and　heart…burnings；　their　material
  situation；　whom　they　support　with　their　slowly　earned　wages；　what
  claims　they　have　on　them　from　outside。　　If　she　will　also　reflect　on
  the　number　of　days　in　a　year　when　she　is　〃not　herself；〃　when
  headaches　or　disappointments　ruffle　her　charming　temper；　she　may
  come　to　the　conclusion　that　it　is　too　much　to　expect　all　the
  virtues　for　twenty　dollars　a　month。
  A　little　more　human　interest；　my　good　friends；　a　little　more
  indulgence；　and　you　will　not　risk　finding　yourself　in　the　position
  of　the　lady　who　wrote　me　that　last　summer　she　had　been　obliged　to
  keep　open　house　for　〃'Cook'　tourists！〃
  CHAPTER　22　…　An　English　Invasion　of　the　Riviera
  WHEN　sixty　years　ago　Lord　Brougham；　EN　ROUTE　for　Italy；　was　thrown
  from　his　travelling　berline　and　his　leg　was　broken；　near　the
  Italian　hamlet　of　Cannes；　the　Riviera　was　as　unknown　to　the　polite
  world　as　the　centre　of　China。　　The　GRAND　TOUR　which　every　young
  aristocrat　made　with　his　tutor；　on　coming　of　age；　only　included
  crossing　from　France　into　Italy　by　the　Alps。　　It　was　the　occurrence
  of　an　unusually　severe　winter　in　Switzerland　that　turned　Brougham
  aside　into　the　longer　and　less　travelled　route　VIA　the　Corniche；
  the　marvellous　Roman　road　at　that　time　fallen　into　oblivion；　and
  little　used　even　by　the　local　peasantry。
  During　the　tedious　weeks　while　his　leg　was　mending；　Lord　Brougham
  amused　himself　by　exploring　the　surrounding　country　in　his
  carriage；　and　was　quick　to　realize　the　advantages　of　the　climate；
  and　appreciate　the　marvellous　beauty　of　that　coast。　　Before　the
  broken　member　was　whole　again；　he　had　bought　a　tract　of　land　and
  begun　a　villa。　　Small　seed；　to　furnish　such　a　harvest！　　To　the
  traveller　of　to…day　the　Riviera　offers　an　almost　unbroken　chain　of
  beautiful　residences　from　Marseilles　to　Genoa。
  A　Briton　willingly　follows　where　a　lord　leads；　and　Cannes　became
  the　centre　of　English　fashion；　a　position　it　holds　to…day　in　spite
  of　many　attractive　rivals；　and　the　defection　of　Victoria　who　comes
  now　to　Cimiez；　back　of　Nice；　being　unwilling　to　visit　Cannes　since
  the　sudden　death　there　of　the　Duke　of　Albany。　　A　statue　of　Lord
  Brougham；　the　〃discoverer〃　of　the　littoral；　has　been　erected　in　the
  sunny　little　square　at　Cannes；　and　the　English　have　in　many　other
  ways；　stamped　the　city　for　their　own。
  No　other　race　carry　their　individuality　with　them　as　they　do。　　They
  can　live　years　in　a　country　and　assimilate　none　of　its　customs；　on
  the　contrary；　imposing　habits　of　their　own。　　It　is　just　this　that
  makes　them　such　wonderful　colonizers；　and　explains　why　you　will
  find　little　groups　of　English　people　drinking　ale　and　playing　golf
  in　the　shade　of　the　Pyramids　or　near　the　frozen　slopes　of
  Foosiyama。　　The　real　inwardness　of　it　is　that　they　are　a　dull　race；
  and；　like　dull　people　despise　all　that　they　do　not　understand。　　To
  differ　from　them　is　to　be　in　the　wrong。　　They　cannot　argue　with
  you；　they　simply　know；　and　that　ends　the　matter。
  I　had　a　discussion　recently　with　a　Briton　on　the　pronunciation　of　a
  word。　　As　there　is　no　〃Institute；〃　as　in　France；　to　settle　matters
  of　this　kind；　I　maintained　that　we　Americans　had　as　much　authority
  for　our　pronunciation　of　this　particular　word　as　the　English。　　The
  answer　was　characteristic。
  〃I　know　I　am　right；〃　said　my　Island　friend；　〃because　that　is　the
  way　I　pronounce　it！〃
  Walking　along　the　principal　streets　of　Cannes　to…day；　you　might
  imagine　yourself　（except　for　the　climate）　at　Cowes　or　Brighton；　so
  British　are　the　shops　and　the　crowd　that　passes　them。　　Every
  restaurant　advertises　〃afternoon　tea〃　and　Bass's　ale；　and　every
  other　sign　bears　a　London　name。　　This　little　matter　of　tea　is
  particularly　characteristic　of　the　way　the　English　have　imposed　a
  taste　of　their　own　on　a　rebellious　nation。　　Nothing　is　further　from
  the　French　taste　than　tea…drinking；　and　yet　a　Parisian　lady　will
  now　invite　you　gravely　to　〃five　o'clocker〃　with　her；　although　I　can
  remember　when　that　beverage　was　abhorred　by　the　French　as　a
  medicine；　if　you　had　asked　a　Frenchman　to　take　a　cup　of　tea；　he
  would　have　answered：
  〃Why？　　I　am　not　ill！〃
  Even　Paris　（that　supreme　and　undisputed　arbiter　of　taste）　has
  submitted　to　English　influence；　tailor…made　dresses　and　low…heeled
  shoes　have　become　as　〃good　form〃　in　France　as　in　London。　　The　last
  two　Presidents　of　the　French　Republic　have　taken　the　oath　of　office
  dressed　in　frock…coats　instead　of　the　dress　clothes　to　which　French
  officials　formerly　clung　as　to　the　sacraments。
  The　municipalities　of　the　little　Southern　cities　were　quick　to
  seize　their　golden　opportunity；　and　everything　was　done　to　detain
  the　rich　English　wandering　down　towards　Italy。　　Millions　were　spent
  in　transforming　their　cramped；　dirty；　little　towns。　　Wide
  boulevards　bordered　with　palm　and　eucalyptus　spread　their　sunny
  lines　in　all　directions；　being　baptized　PROMENADE　DES　ANGLAIS　or
  BOULEVARD　VICTORIA；　in　artful　flattery。　　The　narrow　mountain　roads
  were　widened；　casinos　and　theatres　built　and　carnival　FETES
  organized；　the　cities　offering　〃cups〃　for　yacht…　or　horse…races；
  and　giving　grounds　for　tennis　and　golf　clubs。　　Clever　Southern
  people！　　The　m