be　willing　to　take　a　few　lessons　on　the　subject　of　raiment　from
  across　the　water。　　As　this　is　not　intended　to　be　a　dissertation　on
  〃How　to　Dress　Well　on　Nothing　a　Year；〃　and　as　I　feel　the　greatest
  diffidence　in　approaching　a　subject　of　which　I　know　absolutely
  nothing；　it　will　be　better　to　sheer　off　from　these　reefs　and
  quicksands。　　Every　one　who　reads　these　lines　will　know　perfectly
  well　what　is　meant；　when　reference　is　made　to　the　good　sense　and
  practical　utility　of　English　women's　dress。
  What　disgusts　and　angers　me　（when　my　way　takes　me　into　our　surface
  or　elevated　cars　or　into　ferry　boats　and　local　trains）　is　the　utter
  dissonance　between　the　outfit　of　most　of　the　women　I　meet　and　their
  position　and　occupation。　　So　universal　is　this；　that　it　might
  almost　be　laid　down　as　an　axiom；　that　the　American　woman；　no　matter
  in　what　walk　of　life　you　observe　her；　or　what　the　time　or　the
  place；　is　always　persistently　and　grotesquely　overdressed。　　From
  the　women　who　frequent　the　hotels　of　our　summer　or　winter　resorts；
  down　all　the　steps　of　the　social　staircase　to　the　char…woman；　who
  consents　（spasmodically）　to　remove　the　dust　and　waste…papers　from
  my　office；　there　seems　to　be　the　same　complete　disregard　of
  fitness。　　The　other　evening；　in　leaving　my　rooms；　I　brushed　against
  a　portly　person　in　the　half…light　of　the　corridor。　　There　was　a
  shimmer　of　（what　appeared　to　my　inexperienced　eyes　as）　costly
  stuffs；　a　huge　hat　crowned　the　shadow　itself；　〃topped　by　nodding
  plumes；〃　which　seemed　to　account　for　the　depleted　condition　of　my
  feather　duster。
  I　found　on　inquiring　of　the　janitor；　that　the　dressy　person　I　had
  met；　was　the　char…woman　in　street　attire；　and　that　a　closet　was　set
  aside　in　the　building；　for　the　special　purpose　of　her　morning　and
  evening　transformations；　which　she　underwent　in　the　belief　that　her
  social　position　in　Avenue　A　would　suffer；　should　she　appear　in　the
  streets　wearing　anything　less　costly　than　seal…skin　and　velvet　or
  such　imitations　of　those　expensive　materials　as　her　stipend　would
  permit。
  I　have　as　tenants　of　a　small　wooden　house　in　Jersey　City；　a　bank
  clerk；　his　wife　and　their　three　daughters。　　He　earns　in　the
  neighborhood　of　fifteen　hundred　dollars　a　year。　　Their　rent　（with
  which；　by　the　way；　they　are　always　in　arrears）　is　three　hundred
  dollars。　　I　am　favored　spring　and　autumn　by　a　visit　from　the　ladies
  of　that　family；　in　the　hope　（generally　futile）　of　inducing　me　to　do
  some　ornamental　papering　or　painting　in　their　residence；　subjects
  on　which　they　have　by　experience　found　my　agent　to　be
  unapproachable。　　When　those　four　women　descend　upon　me；　I　am　fairly
  dazzled　by　the　splendor　of　their　attire；　and　lost　in　wonder　as　to
  how　the　price　of　all　that　finery　can　have　been　squeezed　out　of　the
  twelve　remaining　hundreds　of　their　income。　　When　I　meet　the　father
  he　is　shabby　to　the　outer　limits　of　the　genteel。　　His　hat　has；　I　am
  sure；　supported　the　suns　and　snowstorms　of　a　dozen　seasons。　　There
  is　a　threadbare　shine　on　his　apparel　that　suggests　a　heartache　in
  each　whitened　seam；　but　the　ladies　are　mirrors　of　fashion；　as　well
  as　moulds　of　form。　　What　can　remain　for　any　creature　comforts　after
  all　those　fine　clothes　have　been　paid　for？　　And　how　much　is　put
  away　for　the　years　when　the　long…suffering　money　maker　will　be　past
  work；　or　saved　towards　the　time　when　sickness　or　accident　shall
  appear　on　the　horizon？　　How　those　ladies　had　the　〃nerve〃　to　enter　a
  ferry　boat　or　crowd　into　a　cable　car；　dressed　as　they　were；　has
  always　been　a　marvel　to　me。　　A　landau　and　two　liveried　servants
  would　barely　have　been　in　keeping　with　their　appearance。
  Not　long　ago；　a　great　English　nobleman；　who　is　also　famous　in　the
  yachting　world；　visited　this　country　accompanied　by　his　two
  daughters；　high…bred　and　genial　ladies。　　No　self…respecting
  American　shop　girl　or　fashionable　typewriter　would　have
  condescended　to　appear　in　the　inexpensive　attire　which　those
  English　women　wore。　　Wherever　one　met　them；　at　dinner；　FETE；　or
  ball；　they　were　always　the　most　simply　dressed　women　in　the　room。
  I　wonder　if　it　ever　occurred　to　any　of　their　gorgeously　attired
  hostesses；　that　it　was　because　their　transatlantic　guests　were　so
  sure　of　their　position；　that　they　contented　themselves　with　such
  simple　toilets　knowing　that　nothing　they　might　wear　could　either
  improve　or　alter　their　standing
  In　former　ages；　sumptuary　laws　were　enacted　by　parental
  governments；　in　the　hope　of　suppressing　extravagance　in　dress；　the
  state　of　affairs　we　deplore　now；　not　being　a　new　development　of
  human　weakness；　but　as　old　as　wealth。
  The　desire　to　shine　by　the　splendor　of　one's　trappings　is　the　first
  idea　of　the　parvenu；　especially　here　in　this　country；　where　the
  ambitious　are　denied　the　pleasure　of　acquiring　a　title；　and　where
  official　rank　carries　with　it　so　little　social　weight。　　Few　more
  striking　ways　present　themselves　to　the　crude　and　half…educated　for
  the　expenditure　of　a　new　fortune　than　the　purchase　of　sumptuous
  apparel；　the　satisfaction　being　immediate　and　material。　　The　wearer
  of　a　complete　and　perfect　toilet　must　experience　a　delight　of　which
  the　uninitiated　know　nothing；　for　such　cruel　sacrifices　are　made
  and　so　many　privations　endured　to　procure　this　satisfaction。　　When
  I　see　groups　of　women；　clad　in　the　latest　designs　of　purple　and
  fine　linen；　stand　shivering　on　street　corners　of　a　winter　night；
  until　they　can　crowd　into　a　car；　I　doubt　if　the　joy　they　get　from
  their　clothes；　compensates　them　for　the　creature　comforts　they　are
  forced　to　forego；　and　I　wonder　if　it　never　occurs　to　them　to　spend
  less　on　their　wardrobes　and　so　feel　they　can　afford　to　return　from
  a　theatre　or　concert　comfortably；　in　a　cab；　as　a　foreign　woman；
  with　their　income　would　do。
  There　is　a　stoical　determination　about　the　American　point　of　view
  that　compels　a　certain　amount　of　respect。　　Our　countrywomen　will
  deny　themselves　pleasures；　will　economize　on　their　food　and　will
  remain　in　town　during　the　summer；　but　when　walking　abroad　they　must
  be　clad　in　the　best；　so　that　no　one　may　know　by　their　appearance　if
  the　income　be　counted　by　hundreds　or　thousands。
  While　these　standards　prevail　and　the　female　mind　is　fixed　on　this
  subject　with　such　dire　intent；　it　is　not　astonishing　that　a　weaker
  sister　is　occasionally　tempted　beyond　her　powers　of　resistance。
  Nor　that　each　day　a　new　case　of　a　well…dressed　woman　thieving　in　a
  shop　reaches　our　ears。　　The　poor　feeble…minded　creature　is　not　to
  blame。　　She　is　but　the　reflexion　of　the　minds　around　her　and　is
  probably　like　the　lady　Emerson　tells　of；　who　confessed　to　him　〃that
  the　sense　of　being　perfectly　well…dressed　had　given　her　a　feeling
  of　inward　tranquillity　which　religion　was　powerless　to　bestow。〃
  CHAPTER　5　…　On　Some　Gilded　Misalliances
  A　DEAR　old　American　lady；　who　lived　the　greater　part　of　her　life　in
  Rome；　and　received　every　body　worth　knowing　in　her　spacious
  drawing…rooms；　far　up　in　the　dim　vastnesses　of　a　Roman　palace；　used
  to　say　that　she　had　only　known　one　really　happy　marriage　made　by　an
  American　girl　abroad。
  In　those　days；　being　young　and　innocent；　I　considered　that　remark
  cynical；　and　in　my　heart　thought　nothing　could　be　more　romantic　and
  charming　than　for　a　fair　compatriot　to　assume　an　historic　title　and
  retire　to　her　husband's　estates；　and　rule　smilingly　over　him　and　a
  devoted　tenantry；　as　in　the　last　act　of　a　comic　opera；　when　a　rose…
  colored　light　is　burning　and　the　orchestra　plays　the　last　brilliant
  chords　of　a　wedding　march。
  There　seemed　to　my　perverted　sense　a　certain　poetic　justice　about
  the　fact　that　money；　gained　honestly　but　prosaically；　in　groceries
  or　gas；　should　go　to　regild　an　ancient　blazon　or　prop　up　the
  crumbling　walls　of　some　stately　palace　abroad。
  Many　thoughtful　years　and　many　cruel　realities　have　taught　me　that
  my　gracious　hostess　of　the　〃seventies〃　was　right；　and　that　marriage
  under　these　conditions　is　apt　to　be　much　more　like　the　comic　opera
  after　the　curtain　has　been　rung　down；　when　the　lights　are　out；　the
  applauding　public　gone　home；　and　the　weary　actors　brought　slowly
  back　to　the　present　and　the　positive；　are　wondering　how　they　are　to
  pay　their　rent　or　dodge　the　warrant　in　ambush　around　the　corner。
  International　marriages　usually　come　about　from　a　deficient
  knowledge　of　the　world。　　The　father　becomes　rich；　the　family　travel
  abroad；　some　mutual　friend　（often　from　purely　interested　motives）
  produces　a　suitor　for　the　hand　of　the　daughter；　in　the　shape　of　a
  〃prince〃　with　a　title　that　makes　the　whole　simple　American　family
  quiver　with　delight。
  After　a　few　visits　the　suitor　declares　himself；　the　girl　is
  flattered；　the　father　loses　his　head；　seeing　visions　of　his　loved
  daughter　hob…nobbing　with　royalty；　and　（intoxicating　thought！）
  snubbing　the　〃swells〃　at　h