第 10 节
作者:竹水冷      更新:2021-02-19 00:59      字数:9321
  last   all  day;   with   great   display   of    daring    and   horsemanship;   but       with
  scarcely   more   killed   and   wounded   than   may   be   carried   from   the   field
  during a university game of football。
  The slayer   of a   man   in battle   was expected   to   mourn for   thirty  days
  blackening his face and loosening his hair according to the custom。                          He
  of   course   considered   it   no     sin   to   take   the   life   of   an  enemy;   and   this
  ceremonial mourning was a sign of reverence for the departed spirit。                        The
  killing in war of non…combatants; such as women and children; is partly
  explained   by  the   fact   that   in   savage   life   the   woman   without   husband   or
  protector   is   in   pitiable   case;   and   it   was   supposed   that   the   spirit   of   the
  warrior   would   be   better   content   if   no   widow   and   orphans   were   left   to
  suffer want; as well as to weep。
  A scalp might originally be taken by the leader of the war party only
  and at that period no other mutilation was practiced。                   It was a small lock
  not   more   than   three   inches   square;   which   was   carried   only   during   the
  thirty days' celebration of a victory; and afterward given religious burial。
  Wanton   cruelties   and   the   more   barbarous   customs   of   war   were   greatly
  intensified with the coming of the white man; who brought with him fiery
  liquor and deadly weapons; aroused the Indian's worst passions; provoking
  in him revenge and cupidity; and even offered bounties for the scalps of
  innocent men; women; and children。
  Murder within the   tribe was   a grave offense; to   be atoned   for as the
  council   might   decree;   and   it   often   happened   that   the   slayer   was   called
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  upon to pay the penalty with his own life。             He made no attempt to escape
  or to evade justice。        That the crime was committed in the depths of the
  forest or at dead of night; witnessed by no human eye; made no difference
  to his mind。      He was thoroughly convinced that all is known to the 〃Great
  Mystery;〃 and hence did not hesitate to give himself up; to stand his trial
  by the old and wise men of the victim's clan。               His own family and clan
  might by no means attempt to excuse or to defend him; but his judges took
  all the known circumstances into consideration; and if it appeared that he
  slew in self…defense; or that the provocation was severe; he might be set
  free   after   a   thirty   days'   period   of   mourning   in   solitude。 Otherwise   the
  murdered man's   next of   kin   were authorized to take   his life; and   if they
  refrained from doing so; as often happened; he remained an outcast from
  the   clan。    A   willful   murder   was   a   rare   occurrence   before   the   days   of
  whiskey   and   drunken   rows;   for   we   were   not   a   violent   or   a   quarrelsome
  people。
  It   is   well   remembered   that   Crow   Dog;   who   killed   the   Sioux   chief;
  Spotted     Tail;  in  1881;    calmly    surrendered     himself    and   was   tried   and
  convicted by  the   courts   in   South   Dakota。       After   his   conviction;  he   was
  permitted remarkable liberty in prison; such as perhaps no white man has
  ever enjoyed when under sentence of death。
  The   cause   of   his   act   was   a   solemn   commission   received   from   his
  people; nearly thirty years earlier; at the time that Spotted Tail usurped the
  chieftainship by the aid of the military; whom he had aided。                   Crow Dog
  was under a vow to slay the chief; in case he ever betrayed or disgraced
  the name of the Brule Sioux。            There is no doubt that he had committed
  crimes both public and private; having been guilty of misuse of office as
  well as of gross offenses against   morality; therefore his death was not   a
  matter of personal vengeance but of just retribution。
  A few days before Crow Dog was to be executed; he asked permission
  to visit his home and say farewell to his wife and twin boys; then nine or
  ten    years   old。    Strange      to  say;   the   request    was    granted;    and   the
  condemned        man    sent   home    under    escort   of   the  deputy    sheriff;   who
  remained at the Indian agency; merely telling his prisoner to report there
  on the following day。         When he did not appear at the time set; the sheriff
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  dispatched the Indian police after him。 They did not find him; and his wife
  simply   said   that   Crow   Dog   had   desired   to   ride   alone   to   the   prison;   and
  would reach there on the day appointed。                All doubt was removed next day
  by a telegram from Rapid City; two hundred miles distant; saying: 〃Crow
  Dog has just reported here。〃
  The   incident   drew   public   attention   to   the   Indian   murderer;   with   the
  unexpected   result   that   the   case   was   reopened;   and   Crow   Dog   acquitted。
  He   still   lives;   a   well…preserved   man   of   about   seventy…five   years;   and   is
  much respected among his own people。
  It is said that; in the very early days; lying was a capital offense among
  us。    Believing that the deliberate liar is capable of committing any crime
  behind the screen of cowardly untruth and double…dealing; the destroyer of
  mutual confidence was summarily put to death; that the evil might go no
  further。
  Even     the   worst    enemies     of   the  Indian;    those    who    accuse    him    of
  treachery; blood…thirstiness; cruelty; and lust; have not denied his courage;
  but   in   their   minds   it   is   a   courage   that   is   ignorant;   brutal;   and   fantastic。
  His own conception of bravery makes of it a high moral virtue; for to him
  it   consists   not   so   much   in   aggressive   self…assertion   as   in   absolute   self…
  control。      The   truly   brave   man;   we   contend;   yields   neither   to   fear   nor
  anger; desire nor agony; he is at all times master of himself; his courage
  rises to the heights of chivalry; patriotism; and real heroism。
  〃Let neither  cold; hunger;  nor pain;  nor the fear  of them;  neither  the
  bristling teeth of danger nor the very jaws of death itself; prevent you from
  doing a good deed;〃 said an old chief to a scout who was about to seek the
  buffalo   in   midwinter   for   the   relief   of   a   starving   people。     This   was   his
  childlike conception of courage。
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  V THE UNWRITTEN
  SCRIPTURES
  A   Living    Book。    The    Sioux    Story   of  Creation。    The     First  Battle。
  Another Version of the Flood。 Our Animal Ancestry。
  A   missionary   once   undertook   to   instruct   a   group   of   Indians   in   the
  truths of his holy religion。       He told them of the creation of the earth in six
  days; and of the fall of our first parents by eating an apple。
  The   courteous   savages   listened   attentively;   and;   after   thanking   him;
  one related in his turn a very ancient tradition concerning the origin of the
  maize。     But    the   missionary    plainly   showed     his  disgust    and   disbelief;
  indignantly saying: 〃What I delivered to you were sacred truths; but this
  that you tell me is mere fable and falsehood!〃
  〃My brother;〃 gravely replied the offended Indian; 〃it seems that you
  have not been well grounded   in the rules of   civility。            You saw that   we;
  who practice these rules; believed your stories; why; then; do you refuse to
  credit ours?〃
  Every religion has its Holy Book; and ours was a mingling of history;
  poetry; and prophecy; of   precept and folk…lore; even such as the   modern
  reader finds within the covers of his Bible。             This Bible of ours was our
  whole   literature;   a   living   Book;   sowed   as   precious   seed   by   our   wisest
  sages; and springing anew in the wondering eyes and upon the  innocent
  lips of   little  children。   Upon its   hoary  wisdom  of   proverb   and   fable;  its
  mystic   and   legendary   lore   thus   sacredly   preserved   and   transmitted   from
  father to son; was based in large part our customs and philosophy。
  Naturally     magnanimous       and   open…minded;       the  red  man    prefers   to
  believe that the Spirit of God is not breathed into man alone; but that the
  whole created universe is a