第 1 节
作者:竹水冷      更新:2021-02-19 00:59      字数:9295
  THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
  THE SOUL OF THE
  INDIAN
  An Interpretation
  BY
  CHARLES ALEXANDER EASTMAN (OHIYESA)
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  THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
  TO     MY   WIFE     ELAINE      GOODALE        EASTMAN        IN   GRATEFUL
  RECOGNITION           OF   HER    EVER…INSPIRING          COMPANIONSHIP            IN
  THOUGHT   AND   WORK   AND   IN   LOVE   OF   HER   MOST   INDIAN…
  LIKE VIRTUES I DEDICATE THIS BOOK
  I speak for each no…tongued tree That; spring by spring; doth nobler be;
  And   dumbly   and   most   wistfully   His   mighty   prayerful   arms   outspreads;
  And his big blessing downward sheds。 SIDNEY LANIER。
  But   there's   a   dome   of   nobler   span; A  temple   given   Thy   faith;
  that bigots dare not ban           Its space is heaven! It's roof star…pictured
  Nature's ceiling; Where; trancing the rapt spirit's feeling; And God Himself
  to   man   revealing;         Th'   harmonious     spheres   Make    music;   though
  unheard their pealing          By mortal ears! THOMAS CAMPBELL。
  God! sing ye meadow streams with gladsome voice! Ye pine…groves;
  with your soft and soul…like sounds! Ye eagles; playmates of the mountain
  storm! Ye lightnings; the dread arrows of the clouds! Ye signs and wonders
  of the elements; Utter forth God; and fill the hills with praise! 。 。 。 Earth;
  with her thousand voices; praises GOD! COLERIDGE。
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  THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
  FOREWORD
  〃We also have a religion which was given to our forefathers; and has
  been handed down to us their children。             It teaches us to be thankful; to be
  united; and to love one another!          We never quarrel about religion。〃
  Thus spoke the great Seneca orator; Red Jacket; in his superb reply to
  Missionary   Cram   more   than   a   century   ago;   and   I   have   often   heard   the
  same thought expressed by my countrymen。
  I   have   attempted   to   paint   the   religious   life   of   the   typical   American
  Indian as it was before he knew the white man。                I have long wished to do
  this; because I cannot find that it has ever been seriously; adequately; and
  sincerely done。       The religion of the Indian is the last thing about him that
  the man of another race will ever understand。
  First;   the   Indian   does   not   speak   of   these   deep   matters   so   long   as   he
  believes     in   them;    and    when     he   has   ceased     to  believe    he    speaks
  inaccurately and slightingly。
  Second;   even   if   he   can   be   induced   to   speak;   the   racial   and   religious
  prejudice of the other stands in the way of his sympathetic comprehension。
  Third; practically all existing studies on this subject have been made
  during the transition period; when the original beliefs and philosophy of
  the native American were already undergoing rapid disintegration。
  There   are   to   be   found   here   and   there   superficial   accounts   of   strange
  customs and ceremonies; of which the symbolism or inner meaning was
  largely   hidden   from   the   observer;   and      there   has   been   a   great   deal  of
  material   collected   in   recent   years   which   is   without   value   because   it   is
  modern       and    hybrid;    inextricably     mixed     with    Biblical     legend    and
  Caucasian       philosophy。       Some       of   it  has    even    been    invented     for
  commercial   purposes。         Give   a   reservation   Indian   a   present;   and   he   will
  possibly   provide   you   with   sacred   songs;   a   mythology;   and   folk…lore   to
  order!
  My little book does not pretend to be a scientific treatise。              It is as true
  as I can make it to my childhood teaching and ancestral ideals; but from
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  THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
  the human; not the ethnological standpoint。              I have not cared to pile up
  more dry bones; but to clothe them with flesh and blood。               So much as has
  been written by strangers of our ancient faith and worship treats it chiefly
  as matter of curiosity。      I should like to emphasize its universal quality; its
  personal appeal!
  The first missionaries; good men imbued with the narrowness of their
  age; branded us as pagans and devil…worshipers; and demanded of us that
  we   abjure   our   false   gods   before   bowing   the   knee   at   their   sacred   altar。
  They even told us that we were eternally lost; unless we adopted a tangible
  symbol and professed a particular form of their hydra…headed faith。
  We of the twentieth century know better!             We know that all religious
  aspiration;   all   sincere   worship;   can   have   but   one   source   and   one   goal。
  We know that the God of the lettered and the unlettered; of the Greek and
  the barbarian; is after all the same God; and; like Peter; we perceive that
  He is no respecter of persons; but that in every nation he that feareth Him
  and worketh righteousness is acceptable to Him。
  CHARLES A。 EASTMAN (OHIYESA)
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  THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
  CONTENTS
  I。   THE GREAT MYSTERY                                                   1
  II。   THE FAMILY ALTAR                                                    25
  III。   CEREMONIAL AND SYMBOLIC WORSHIP                                   51
  IV。    BARBARISM AND THE MORAL CODE                                      85
  V。 THE UNWRITTEN SCRIPTURES                                              117
  VI。 ON THE BORDER…LAND OF SPIRITS                                        147
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  THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
  I THE GREAT MYSTERY
  Solitary     Worship。      The     Savage     Philosopher。       The     Dual    Mind。
  Spiritual     Gifts   versus   Material    Progress。     The     Paradox     of  〃Christian
  Civilization。〃
  The   original   attitude   of   the American   Indian   toward   the   Eternal;   the
  〃Great Mystery〃 that surrounds and embraces us; was as simple as it was
  exalted。      To   him   it   was   the   supreme   conception;   bringing   with   it   the
  fullest measure of joy and satisfaction possible in this life。
  The worship of the 〃Great Mystery〃 was silent; solitary; free from all
  self…seeking。      It was silent; because all speech is of necessity feeble and
  imperfect;      therefore    the   souls   of  my    ancestors     ascended     to  God    in
  wordless   adoration。       It   was   solitary;   because   they   believed   that   He   is
  nearer   to   us   in   solitude;   and   there   were   no   priests   authorized   to   come
  between a man and his Maker。              None might exhort or confess or in any
  way meddle with the religious experience of another。                  Among us all men
  were created sons of God and stood erect; as conscious of their divinity。
  Our   faith   might   not   be   formulated   in   creeds;   nor   forced   upon   any   who
  were   unwilling   to   receive   it;   hence   there   was   no   preaching;   proselyting;
  nor persecution; neither were there any scoffers or atheists。
  There   were   no   temples   or   shrines   among   us   save   those   of   nature。
  Being a natural man; the Indian was intensely poetical。                  He would deem
  it sacrilege to build a house for Him who may be met face to face in the
  mysterious; shadowy aisles of the primeval forest; or on the sunlit bosom
  of   virgin   prairies;   upon   dizzy   spires   and   pinnacles   of   naked   rock;   and
  yonder in the jeweled vault of the night sky!             He who enrobes Himself in
  filmy veils of cloud; there on the rim of the visible world where our Great…
  Grandfather   Sun   kindles   his   evening   camp…fire;   He   who   rides   upon   the
  rigorous   wind   of   the   north;   or   breathes   forth   His   spirit   upon   aromatic
  southern     airs;  whose     war…canoe     is  launched     upon    majestic    rivers  and
  inland seasHe needs no lesser cathedral!
  That    solitary   communion       with    the  Unseen     which    was    the  highest
  expression of our religious life is partly described in the word bambeday;
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