decorations　and　iron　boot…heels；　whatever；　in　a　word；　may　have　been
  said　or　done　amiss；　in　that　childishness　which　（as　their　own　wisest
  writers　often　lament）　so　often　defaces　the　noble　childlikeness　of
  the　German　spirit；　let　it　be　always　remembered　that　under　the
  impulse　first　given　by　Freemasonry；　as　much　as　that　given　by　such
  heroes　as　Stein　and　Scharnhorst；　Germany　shook　off　the　chains　which
  had　fallen　on　her　in　her　sleep；　and　stood　once　more　at　Leipsic；　were
  it　but　for　a　moment；　a　free　people　alike　in　body　and　in　soul。
  Remembering　this；　and　the　solid　benefits　which　Germany　owed　to
  Masonic　influences；　one　shrinks　from　saying　much　of　the
  extravagances　in　which　its　Masonry　indulged　before　the　French
  Revolution。　　Yet　they　are　so　characteristic　of　the　age；　so
  significant　to　the　student　of　human　nature；　that　they　must　be　hinted
  at；　though　not　detailed。
  It　is　clear　that　Masonry　was　at　first　a　movement　confined　to　the
  aristocracy；　or　at　least　to　the　most　educated　classes；　and　clear；
  too；　that　it　fell　in　with　a　temper　of　mind　unsatisfied　with　the　dry
  dogmatism　into　which　the　popular　creeds　had　then　been　frozen
  unsatisfied　with　their　own　Frenchified　foppery　and　pseudo…
  philosophyunsatisfied　with　want　of　all　duty；　purpose；　noble
  thought；　or　noble　work。　　With　such　a　temper　of　mind　it　fell　in：　　but
  that　very　temper　was　open　（as　it　always　is）　to　those　dreams　of　a
  royal　road　to　wisdom　and　to　virtue；　which　have　haunted；　in　all　ages；
  the　luxurious　and　the　idle。
  Those　who　will；　may　read　enough；　and　too　much；　of　the　wonderful
  secrets　in　nature　and　science　and　theosophy；　which　men　expected　to
  find　and　did　not　find　in　the　higher　degrees　of　Masonry；　till　old
  Vossthe　translator　of　Homerhad　to　confess；　that　after　〃trying
  for　eleven　years　to　attain　a　perfect　knowledge　of　the　inmost
  penetralia；　where　the　secret　is　said　to　be；　and　of　its　invisible
  guardians；〃　all　he　knew　was　that　〃the　documents　which　he　had　to　make
  known　to　the　initiated　were　nothing　more　than　a　well　got…up　farce。〃
  But　the　mania　was　general。　　The　high…born　and　the　virtuous　expected
  to　discover　some　panacea　for　their　own　consciences　in　what　Voss
  calls；　〃A　multitude　of　symbols；　which　are　ever　increasing　the
  farther　you　penetrate；　and　are　made　to　have　a　moral　application
  through　some　arbitrary　twisting　of　their　meaning；　as　if　I　were　to
  attempt　expounding　the　chaos　on　my　writing…desk。〃
  A　rich　harvest…field　was　an　aristocracy　in　such　a　humour；　for　quacks
  of　every　kind；　richer　even　than　that　of　France；　in　that　the　Germans
  were　at　once　more　honest　and　more　earnest；　and　therefore　to　be
  robbed　more　easily。　　The　carcass　was　there：　　and　the　birds　of　prey
  were　gathered　together。
  Of　Rosa；　with　his　lodge　of　the　Three　Hammers；　and　his　Potsdam　gold…
  making；of　Johnson；　alias　Leuchte；　who　passed　himself　off　as　a
  Grand　Prior　sent　from　Scotland　to　resuscitate　the　order　of　Knights
  Templars；　who　informed　his　disciples　that　the　Grand　Master　Von　Hund
  commanded　26；000　men；　that　round　the　convent　（what　convent；　does　not
  appear）　a　high　wall　was　erected；　which　was　guarded　day　and　night；
  that　the　English　navy　was　in　the　hands　of　the　Order；　that　they　had
  MSS。　written　by　Hugo　de　Paganis　（a　mythic　hero　who　often　figures　in
  these　fables）；　that　their　treasure　was　in　only　three　places　in　the
  world；　in　Ballenstadt；　in　the　icy　mountains　of　Savoy；　and　in　China；
  that　whosoever　drew　on　himself　the　displeasure　of　the　Order；
  perished　both　body　and　soul；　who　degraded　his　rival　Rosa　to　the
  sound　of　military　music；　and　after　having　had；　like　every　dog；　his
  day；　died　in　prison　in　the　Wartburg；of　the　Rosicrucians；　who　were
  accused　of　wanting　to　support　and　advance　the　Catholic　religionone
  would　think　the　accusation　was　very　unnecessary；　seeing　that　their
  actual　dealings　were　with　the　philosopher's　stone；　and　the　exorcism
  of　spirits：　　and　that　the　first　apostle　of　the　new　golden
  Rosicrucian　order；　one　Schropfer；　getting　into　debt；　and　fearing
  exposure；　finished　his　life　in　an　altogether　un…catholic　manner　at
  Leipsic　in　1774；　by　shooting　himself；of　Keller　and　his　Urim　and
  Thummim；of　Wollner　（who　caught　the　Crown　Prince　Frederick　William）
  with　his　three　names　of　Chrysophiron；　Heliconus；　and　Ophiron；　and
  his　fourth　name　of　Ormesus　Magnus；　under　which　all　the　brethren　were
  to　offer　up　for　him　solemn　prayers　and　intercessions；of　Baron
  Heinrich　von　Ekker　and　Eckenhofen；　gentleman　of　the　bed…chamber　and
  counsellor　of　the　Duke　of　Coburg　Saalfeld；　and　his　Jewish　colleague
  Hirschmann；　with　their　Asiatic　brethren　and　order　named　Ben　Bicca；
  Cabalistic　and　Talmudic；　of　the　Illuminati；　and　poor　Adam
  Weisshaupt；　Professor　of　Canon　and　National　Law　at　Ingoldstadt　in
  Bavaria；　who　set　up　what　he　considered　an　Anti…Jesuitical　order　on　a
  Jesuit　model；　with　some　vague　hope；　according　to　his　own　showing；　of
  〃perfecting　the　reasoning　powers　interesting　to　mankind；　spreading
  the　knowledge　of　sentiments　both　humane　and　social；　checking　wicked
  inclinations；　standing　up　for　oppressed　and　suffering　virtue　against
  all　wrong；　promoting　the　advancement　of　men　of　merit；　and　in　every
  way　facilitating　the　acquirement　of　knowledge　and　science；〃of　this
  honest　silly　man；　and　his　attempts　to　carry　out　all　his　fine
  projects　by　calling　himself　Spartacus；　Bavaria　Achaia；　Austria
  Egypt；　Vienna　Rome；　and　so　forth；of　Knigge；　who　picked　his　honest
  brains；　quarrelled　with　him；　and　then　made　money　and　fame　out　of　his
  plans；　for　as　long　as　they　lasted；of　Bode；　the　knight　of　the
  lilies　of　the　valley；　who；　having　caught　Duke　Ernest　of　Saxe　Gotha；
  was　himself　caught　by　Knigge；　and　his　eight；　nine；　or　more　ascending
  orders　of　unwisdom；and　finally　of　the　Jesuits　who；　really　with
  considerable　excuses　for　their　severity；　fell　upon　these　poor
  foolish　Illuminati　in　1784　throughout　Bavaria；　and　had　them　exiled
  or　imprisoned；of　all　this　you　may　read　in　the　pages　of　Dr。　Findel；
  and　in　many　another　book。　　For；　forgotten　as　they　are　now；　they　made
  noise　enough　in　their　time。
  And　so　it　befell；　that　this　eighteenth　century；　which　is　usually
  held　to　be　the　most　〃materialistic〃　of　epochs；　was；　in　fact；　a　most
  〃spiritualistic〃　one；　in　which　ghosts；　demons；　quacks；　philosophers'
  stones；　enchanters'　wands；　mysteries　and　mummeries；　were　as
  fashionableas　they　will　probably　be　again　some　day。
  You　have　all　heard　of　Cagliostro〃pupil　of　the　sage　Althotas；
  foster…child　of　the　Scheriff　of　Mecca；　probable　son　of　the　last　king
  of　Trebizond；　named　also　Acharat；　and　'Unfortunate　child　of　Nature；'
  by　profession　healer　of　diseases；　abolisher　of　wrinkles；　friend　of
  the　poor　and　impotent；　grand…master　of　the　Egyptian　Mason…lodge　of
  High　Science；　spirit…summoner；　gold…cook；　Grand…Cophta；　prophet；
  priest；　Thaumaturgic　moralist；　and　swindler〃born　Giuseppe　Balsamo
  of　Palermo；of　him；　and　of　his　lovely　Countess　Seraphinanee
  Lorenza　Feliciani？　　You　have　read　what　Goetheand　still　more
  important；　what　Mr。　Carlyle　has　written　on　him；　as　on　one　of　the
  most　significant　personages　of　the　age？　　Remember；　then；　that
  Cagliostro　was　no　isolated　phenomenon；　that　his　successnay；　his
  having　even　conceived　the　possibility　of　success　in　the　brain　that
  lay　within　that　〃brass…faced；　bull…necked；　thick…lipped〃　headwas
  made　possible　by　public　opinion。　　Had　Cagliostro　lived　in　our　time；
  public　opinion　would　have　pointed　out　to　him　other　roads　to　honour
  on　which　he　would　doubtless　have　fared　as　well。　　For　when　the　silly
  dace　try　to　be　caught　and　hope　to　be　caught；　he　is　a　foolish　pike
  who　cannot　gorge　them。　　But　the　method　most　easy　for　a　pike…nature
  like　Cagliostro's；　was　in　the　eighteenth　century；　as　it　may　be　in
  the　latter　half　of　the　nineteenth；　to　trade；　in　a　materialist　age；
  on　the　unsatisfied　spiritual　cravings　of　mankind。　　For　what　do　all
  these　phantasms　betoken；　but　a　generation　ashamed　of　its　own
  materialism；　sensuality；　insincerity；　ignorance；　and　striving　to
  escape　therefrom　by　any　and　every　mad　superstition　which　seemed
  likely　to　give　an　answer　to　the　awful　questionsWhat　are　we；　and
  where？　and　to　lay　to　rest　those　instincts　of　the　unseen　and　infinite
  around　it；　which　tormented　it　like　ghosts　by　day　and　night：　　a　sight
  ludicrous　or　pathetic；　according　as　it　is　looked　on　by　a　cynical　or
  a　human　spirit。
  It　is　easy　to　call　such　a　phenomenon　absurd；　improbable。　　It　is
  rather　rational；　probable；　say　certain　to　happen。　　Rational；　I　say；
  for　the　reason　of　man　tells　him；　and　has　always　told　him；　that　he　is
  a　supernatural　being；　if　by　nature　is　meant　that　which　is　cognisable
  by　his　five　senses：　　that　his　coming　into　this　world；　his　relation
  to　it；　his　exit　from　itwhich　are　the　three　most　important　facts
  about　himare　supernatural；　not　to　be　explained　by　any　deductions
  from　the　impressions　of　his　senses。　　And　I　make　bold　to　say；　that
  the　recent　discoveries　of　physical　sciencenotably　those　of
  embryologygo　only　to　justify　that　old　and　general　belief　of　man。
  If　man　be　told　that　the　microscope　and　scalpel　show　n