（as　in　Kansas）　and　the　bludgeon　（as　in　the　Senate　chamber）；　if
  required。　　And　so　history　repeats　itself；　and　even　as　slavery　has
  kept　its　course　by　craft；　intimidation；　and　violence　in　the　past；
  so　it　will　persist；　in　my　judgment；　until　met　and　dominated　by
  the　will　of　a　people　bent　on　its　restriction。
  We　have；　this　very　afternoon；　heard　bitter　denunciations　of
  Brooks　in　Washington；　and　Titus；　Stringfellow；　Atchison；　Jones；
  and　Shannon　in　Kansasthe　battle…ground　of　slavery。　　I　certainly
  am　not　going　to　advocate　or　shield　them；　but　they　and　their　acts
  are　but　the　necessary　outcome　of　the　Nebraska　law。　　We　should
  reserve　our　highest　censure　for　the　authors　of　the　mischief；　and
  not　for　the　catspaws　which　they　use。　　I　believe　it　was
  Shakespeare　who　said；　〃Where　the　offence　lies；　there　let　the　axe
  fall〃；　and；　in　my　opinion；　this　man　Douglas　and　the　Northern　men
  in　Congress　who　advocate　〃Nebraska〃　are　more　guilty　than　a
  thousand　Joneses　and　Stringfellows；　with　all　their　murderous
  practices；　can　be。　　＇Applause。＇
  We　have　made　a　good　beginning　here　to…day。　　As　our　Methodist
  friends　would　say；　〃I　feel　it　is　good　to　be　here。〃　While
  extremists　may　find　some　fault　with　the　moderation　of　our
  platform；　they　should　recollect　that　〃the　battle　is　not　always　to
  the　strong；　nor　the　race　to　the　swift。〃　In　grave　emergencies；
  moderation　is　generally　safer　than　radicalism；　and　as　this
  struggle　is　likely　to　be　long　and　earnest；　we　must　not；　by　our
  action；　repel　any　who　are　in　sympathy　with　us　in　the　main；　but
  rather　win　all　that　we　can　to　our　standard。　　We　must　not　belittle
  nor　overlook　the　facts　of　our　conditionthat　we　are　new　and
  comparatively　weak；　while　our　enemies　are　entrenched　and
  relatively　strong。　　They　have　the　administration　and　the
  political　power；　and；　right　or　wrong；　at　present　they　have　the
  numbers。　　Our　friends　who　urge　an　appeal　to　arms　with　so　much
  force　and　eloquence　should　recollect　that　the　government　is
  arrayed　against　us；　and　that　the　numbers　are　now　arrayed　against
  us　as　well；　or；　to　state　it　nearer　to　the　truth；　they　are　not　yet
  expressly　and　affirmatively　for　us；　and　we　should　repel　friends
  rather　than　gain　them　by　anything　savoring　of　revolutionary
  methods。　　As　it　now　stands；　we　must　appeal　to　the　sober　sense　and
  patriotism　of　the　people。　　We　will　make　converts　day　by　day；　we
  will　grow　strong　by　calmness　and　moderation；　we　will　grow　strong
  by　the　violence　and　injustice　of　our　adversaries。　　And；　unless
  truth　be　a　mockery　and　justice　a　hollow　lie；　we　will　be　in　the
  majority　after　a　while；　and　then　the　revolution　which　we　will
  accomplish　will　be　none　the　less　radical　from　being　the　result　of
  pacific　measures。　　The　battle　of　freedom　is　to　be　fought　out　on
  principle。　　Slavery　is　a　violation　of　the　eternal　right。　　We　have
  temporized　with　it　from　the　necessities　of　our　condition；　but　as
  sure　as　God　reigns　and　school　children　read；　THAT　BLACK　FOUL　LIE
  CAN　NEVER　BE　CONSECRATED　INTO　GOD'S　HALLOWED　TRUTH！　＇Immense
  applause　lasting　some　time。＇
  One　of　our　greatest　difficulties　is；　that　men　who　know　that
  slavery　is　a　detestable　crime　and　ruinous　to　the　nation　are
  compelled；　by　our　peculiar　condition　and　other　circumstances；　to
  advocate　it　concretely；　though　damning　it　in　the　raw。　　Henry　Clay
  was　a　brilliant　example　of　this　tendency；　others　of　our　purest
  statesmen　are　compelled　to　do　so；　and　thus　slavery　secures　actual
  support　from　those　who　detest　it　at　heart。　　Yet　Henry　Clay
  perfected　and　forced　through　the　compromise　which　secured　to
  slavery　a　great　State　as　well　as　a　political　advantage。　　Not　that
  he　hated　slavery　less；　but　that　he　loved　the　whole　Union　more。
  As　long　as　slavery　profited　by　his　great　compromise；　the　hosts　of
  proslavery　could　not　sufficiently　cover　him　with　praise；　but　now
  that　this　compromise　stands　in　their　way…
  〃。。。。they　never　mention　him；
  His　name　is　never　heard：
  Their　lips　are　now　forbid　to　speak
  That　once　familiar　word。〃
  They　have　slaughtered　one　of　his　most　cherished　measures；　and　his
  ghost　would　arise　to　rebuke　them。　　＇Great　applause。＇
  Now；　let　us　harmonize；　my　friends；　and　appeal　to　the　moderation
  and　patriotism　of　the　people：　to　the　sober　second　thought；　to　the
  awakened　public　conscience。　　The　repeal　of　the　sacred　Missouri
  Compromise　has　installed　the　weapons　of　violence：　the　bludgeon；
  the　incendiary　torch；　the　death…dealing　rifle；　the　bristling
  cannonthe　weapons　of　kingcraft；　of　the　inquisition；　of
  ignorance；　of　barbarism；　of　oppression。　　We　see　its　fruits　in　the
  dying　bed　of　the　heroic　Sumner；　in　the　ruins　of　the　〃Free　State〃
  hotel；　in　the　smoking　embers　of　the　Herald　of　Freedom；　in　the
  free…State　Governor　of　Kansas　chained　to　a　stake　on　freedom's
  soil　like　a　horse…thief；　for　the　crime　of　freedom。　　＇Applause。＇
  We　see　it　in　Christian　statesmen；　and　Christian　newspapers；　and
  Christian　pulpits　applauding　the　cowardly　act　of　a　low　bully；　WHO
  CRAWLED　UPON　HIS　VICTIM　BEHIND　HIS　BACK　AND　DEALT　THE　DEADLY
  BLOW。　　＇Sensation　and　applause。＇　We　note　our　political
  demoralization　in　the　catch…words　that　are　coming　into　such
  common　use；　on　the　one　hand；　〃freedom…shriekers；〃　and　sometimes
  〃freedom…screechers〃　＇Laughter＇；　and；　on　the　other　hand；　〃border…
  ruffians；〃　and　that　fully　deserved。　　And　the　significance　of
  catch…words　cannot　pass　unheeded；　for　they　constitute　a　sign　of
  the　times。　　Everything　in　this　world　〃jibes〃　in　with　everything
  else；　and　all　the　fruits　of　this　Nebraska　Bill　are　like　the
  poisoned　source　from　which　they　come。　　I　will　not　say　that　we　may
  not　sooner　or　later　be　compelled　to　meet　force　by　force；　but　the
  time　has　not　yet　come；　and；　if　we　are　true　to　ourselves；　may
  never　come。　　Do　not　mistake　that　the　ballot　is　stronger　than　the
  bullet。　　Therefore　let　the　legions　of　slavery　use　bullets；　but
  let　us　wait　patiently　till　November　and　fire　ballots　at　them　in
  return；　and　by　that　peaceful　policy　I　believe　we　shall　ultimately
  win。　　＇Applause。＇
  It　was　by　that　policy　that　here　in　Illinois　the　early　fathers
  fought　the　good　fight　and　gained　the　victory。　　In　1824　the　free
  men　of　our　State；　led　by　Governor　Coles　（who　was　a　native　of
  Maryland　and　President　Madison's　private　secretary）；　determined
  that　those　beautiful　groves　should　never　re…echo　the　dirge　of　one
  who　has　no　title　to　himself。　　By　their　resolute　determination；
  the　winds　that　sweep　across　our　broad　prairies　shall　never　cool
  the　parched　brow；　nor　shall　the　unfettered　streams　that　bring　joy
  and　gladness　to　our　free　soil　water　the　tired　feet；　of　a　slave；
  but　so　long　as　those　heavenly　breezes　and　sparkling　streams　bless
  the　land；　or　the　groves　and　their　fragrance　or　memory　remain；　the
  humanity　to　which　they　minister　SHALL　BE　FOREVER　FREE！　＇Great
  applause＇　Palmer；　Yates；　Williams；　Browning；　and　some　more　in
  this　convention　came　from　Kentucky　to　Illinois　（instead　of　going
  to　Missouri）；　not　only　to　better　their　conditions；　but　also　to
  get　away　from　slavery。　　They　have　said　so　to　me；　and　it　is
  understood　among　us　Kentuckians　that　we　don't　like　it　one　bit。
  Now；　can　we；　mindful　of　the　blessings　of　liberty　which　the　early
  men　of　Illinois　left　to　us；　refuse　a　like　privilege　to　the　free
  men　who　seek　to　plant　Freedom's　banner　on　our　Western　outposts？
  ＇〃No！〃　〃No！〃＇　Should　we　not　stand　by　our　neighbors　who　seek　to
  better　their　conditions　in　Kansas　and　Nebraska？　　＇〃Yes！〃　〃Yes！〃＇
  Can　we　as　Christian　men；　and　strong　and　free　ourselves；　wield　the
  sledge　or　hold　the　iron　which　is　to　manacle　anew　an　already
  oppressed　race？　　＇〃No！〃　〃No！〃＇　〃Woe　unto　them；〃　it　is　written；
  〃that　decree　unrighteous　decrees　and　that　write　grievousness
  which　they　have　prescribed。〃　Can　we　afford　to　sin　any　more　deeply
  against　human　liberty？　　＇〃No！〃　〃No！〃＇
  One　great　trouble　in　the　matter　is；　that　slavery　is　an　insidious
  and　crafty　power；　and　gains　equally　by　open　violence　of　the
  brutal　as　well　as　by　sly　management　of　the　peaceful。　　Even　after
  the　Ordinance　of　1787；　the　settlers　in　Indiana　and　Illinois　（it
  was　all　one　government　then）　tried　to　get　Congress　to　allow
  slavery　temporarily；　and　petitions　to　that　end　were　sent　from
  Kaskaskia；　and　General　Harrison；　the　Governor；　urged　it　from
  Vincennes；　the　capital。　　If　that　had　succeeded；　good…bye　to
  liberty　here。　　But　John　Randolph　of　Virginia　made　a　vigorous
  report　against　it；　and　although　they　persevered　so　well　as　to　get
  three　favorable　reports　for　it；　yet　the　United　States　Senate；
  with　the　aid　of　some　slave　States；　finally　squelched　if　for　good。
  ＇Applause。＇　And　that　is　why　this　hall　is　to…day　a　temple　for　free
  men　instead　of　a　negro　livery…stable。　　＇Great　applause　and
  laughter。＇　Once　let　slavery　get　planted　in　a　locality；　by　ever　so
  weak　or　doubtful　a　title；　and　in　ever　so　small　numbers；　and　it　is
  like　the　Canada　thistle　or　Bermuda　grassyou　can't　root　it　out。
  You　yourself　may　detest　slavery；　but　your　neighbor　has　five　or
  six　slaves；　and　he　is　an　excellent　neighbor；　or　your　son　has
  married　his　daughter；　and　t