his　country　partly　because　it　was　his　own　country；　and　mostly
  because　it　was　a　free　country；　and　he　burned　with　a　zeal　for　its
  advancement；　prosperity；　and　glory；　because　he　saw　in　such　the
  advancement；　prosperity；　and　glory　of　human　liberty；　human　right；
  and　human　nature。　　He　desired　the　prosperity　of　his　countrymen；
  partly　because　they　were　his　countrymen；　but　chiefly　to　show　to
  the　world　that　free　men　could　be　prosperous。
  That　his　views　and　measures　were　always　the　wisest　needs　not　to
  be　affirmed；　nor　should　it　be　on　this　occasion；　where　so　many
  thinking　differently　join　in　doing　honor　to　his　memory。　　A　free
  people　in　times　of　peace　and　quiet　when　pressed　by　no　common
  danger…naturally　divide　into　parties。　　At　such　times　the　man　who
  is　of　neither　party　is　not；　cannot　be；　of　any　consequence。　　Mr。
  Clay　therefore　was　of　a　party。　　Taking　a　prominent　part；　as　he
  did；　in　all　the　great　political　questions　of　his　country　for　the
  last　half　century；　the　wisdom　of　his　course　on　many　is　doubted
  and　denied　by　a　large　portion　of　his　countrymen；　and　of　such　it
  is　not　now　proper　to　speak　particularly。　　But　there　are　many
  others；　about　his　course　upon　which　there　is　little　or　no
  disagreement　amongst　intelligent　and　patriotic　Americans。　　Of
  these　last　are　the　War　of　1812；　the　Missouri　question；
  nullification；　and　the　now　recent　compromise　measures。　　In　1812
  Mr。　Clay；　though　not　unknown；　was　still　a　young　man。　　Whether　we
  should　go　to　war　with　Great　Britain　being　the　question　of　the
  day；　a　minority　opposed　the　declaration　of　war　by　Congress；　while
  the　majority；　though　apparently　inclined　to　war；　had　for　years
  wavered；　and　hesitated　to　act　decisively。　　Meanwhile　British
  aggressions　multiplied；　and　grew　more　daring　and　aggravated。　　By
  Mr。　Clay　more　than　any　other　man　the　struggle　was　brought　to　a
  decision　in　Congress。　　The　question；　being　now　fully　before
  Congress；　came　up　in　a　variety　of　ways　in　rapid　succession；　on
  most　of　which　occasions　Mr。　Clay　spoke。　　Adding　to　all　the　logic
  of　which　the　subject　was　susceptible　that　noble　inspiration　which
  came　to　him　as　it　came　to　no　other；　he　aroused　and　nerved　and
  inspired　his　friends；　and　confounded　and　bore　down　all
  opposition。　　Several　of　his　speeches　on　these　occasions　were
  reported　and　are　still　extant；　but　the　best　of　them　all　never
  was。　　During　its　delivery　the　reporters　forgot　their　vocation；
  dropped　their　pens；　and　sat　enchanted　from　near　the　beginning　to
  quite　the　close。　　The　speech　now　lives　only　in　the　memory　of　a
  few　old　men；　and　the　enthusiasm　with　which　they　cherish　their
  recollection　of　it　is　absolutely　astonishing。　　The　precise
  language　of　this　speech　we　shall　never　know；　but　we　do　know　we
  cannot　help　knowingthat　with　deep　pathos　it　pleaded　the　cause
  of　the　injured　sailor；　that　it　invoked　the　genius　of　the
  Revolution；　that　it　apostrophized　the　names　of　Otis；　of　Henry；
  and　of　Washington；　that　it　appealed　to　the　interests；　the　pride；
  the　honor；　and　the　glory　of　the　nation；　that　it　shamed　and
  taunted　the　timidity　of　friends；　that　it　scorned　and　scouted　and
  withered　the　temerity　of　domestic　foes；　that　it　bearded　and
  defied　the　British　lion；　and；　rising　and　swelling　and　maddening
  in　its　course；　it　sounded　the　onset；　till　the　charge；　the　shock；
  the　steady　struggle；　and　the　glorious　victory　all　passed　in　vivid
  review　before　the　entranced　hearers。
  Important　and　exciting　as　was　the　war　question　of　1812；　it　never
  so　alarmed　the　sagacious　statesmen　of　the　country　for　the　safety
  of　the　Republic　as　afterward　did　the　Missouri　question。　　This
  sprang　from　that　unfortunate　source　of　discordnegro　slavery。
  When　our　Federal　Constitution　was　adopted；　we　owned　no　territory
  beyond　the　limits　or　ownership　of　the　States；　except　the
  territory　northwest　of　the　River　Ohio　and　east　of　the
  Mississippi。　　What　has　since　been　formed　into　the　States　of
  Maine；　Kentucky　and　Tennessee；　was；　I　believe；　within　the　limits
  of　or　owned　by　Massachusetts；　Virginia；　and　North　Carolina。　　As
  to　the　Northwestern　Territory；　provision　had　been　made　even
  before　the　adoption　of　the　Constitution　that　slavery　should　never
  go　there。　　On　the　admission　of　States　into　the　Union；　carved　from
  the　territory　we　owned　before　the　Constitution；　no　question；　or
  at　most　no　considerable　question；　arose　about　slaverythose
  which　were　within　the　limits　of　or　owned　by　the　old　States
  following　respectively　the　condition　of　the　parent　State；　and
  those　within　the　Northwest　Territory　following　the　previously
  made　provision。　　But　in　1803　we　purchased　Louisiana　of　the
  French；　and　it　included　with　much　more　what　has　since　been　formed
  into　the　State　of　Missouri。　　With　regard　to　it；　nothing　had　been
  done　to　forestall　the　question　of　slavery。　　When；　therefore；　in
  1819；　Missouri；　having　formed　a　State　constitution　without
  excluding　slavery；　and　with　slavery　already　actually　existing
  within　its　limits；　knocked　at　the　door　of　the　Union　for
  admission；　almost　the　entire　representation　of　the　non…
  slaveholding　States　objected。　　A　fearful　and　angry　struggle
  instantly　followed。　　This　alarmed　thinking　men　more　than　any
  previous　question；　because；　unlike　all　the　former；　it　divided　the
  country　by　geographical　lines。　　Other　questions　had　their
  opposing　partisans　in　all　localities　of　the　country　and　in　almost
  every　family；　so　that　no　division　of　the　Union　could　follow　such
  without　a　separation　of　friends　to　quite　as　great　an　extent　as
  that　of　opponents。　　Not　so　with　the　Missouri　question。　　On　this　a
  geographical　line　could　be　traced；　which　in　the　main　would
  separate　opponents　only。　　This　was　the　danger。　　Mr。　Jefferson；
  then　in　retirement；　wrote：
  〃I　had　for　a　long　time　ceased　to　read　newspapers　or　to　pay　any
  attention　to　public　affairs；　confident　they　were　in　good　hands
  and　content　to　be　a　passenger　in　our　bark　to　the　shore　from　which
  I　am　not　distant。　　But　this　momentous　question；　like　a　firebell
  in　the　night；　awakened　and　filled　me　with　terror。　　I　considered
  it　at　once　as　the　knell　of　the　Union。　　It　is　hushed；　indeed；　for
  the　moment。　　But　this　is　a　reprieve　only；　not　a　final　sentence。
  A　geographical　line　coinciding　with　a　marked　principle；　moral　and
  political；　once　conceived　and　held　up　to　the　angry　passions　of
  men；　will　never　be　obliterated；　and　every　irritation　will　mark　it
  deeper　and　deeper。　　I　can　say　with　conscious　truth　that　there　is
  not　a　man　on　earth　who　would　sacrifice　more　than　I　would　to
  relieve　us　from　this　heavy　reproach　in　any　practicable　way。
  〃The　cession　of　that　kind　of　propertyfor　it　is　so　misnamedis
  a　bagatelle　which　would　not　cost　me　a　second　thought　if　in　that
  way　a　general　emancipation　and　expatriation　could　be　effected；
  and　gradually　and　with　due　sacrifices　I　think　it　might　be。　　But
  as　it　is；　we　have　the　wolf　by　the　ears；　and　we　can　neither　hold
  him　nor　safely　let　him　go。　　Justice　is　in　one　scale；　and　self…
  preservation　in　the　other。〃
  Mr。　Clay　was　in　Congress；　and；　perceiving　the　danger；　at　once
  engaged　his　whole　energies　to　avert　it。　　It　began；　as　I　have
  said；　in　1819　；　and　it　did　not　terminate　till　1821。　　Missouri
  would　not　yield　the　point；　and　Congress　that　is；　a　majority　in
  Congressby　repeated　votes　showed　a　determination　not　to　admit
  the　State　unless　it　should　yield。　　After　several　failures；　and
  great　labor　on　the　part　of　Mr。　Clay　to　so　present　the　question
  that　a　majority　could　consent　to　the　admission；　it　was　by　a　vote
  rejected；　and；　as　all　seemed　to　think；　finally。　　A　sullen　gloom
  hung　over　the　nation。　　All　felt　that　the　rejection　of　Missouri
  was　equivalent　to　a　dissolution　of　the　Union；　because　those
  States　which　already　had　what　Missouri　was　rejected　for　refusing
  to　relinquish　would　go　with　Missouri。　　All　deprecated　and
  deplored　this；　but　none　saw　how　to　avert　it。　　For　the　judgment　of
  members　to　be　convinced　of　the　necessity　of　yielding　was　not　the
  whole　difficulty；　each　had　a　constituency　to　meet　and　to　answer
  to。　　Mr。　Clay；　though　worn　down　and　exhausted；　was　appealed　to　by
  members　to　renew　his　efforts　at　compromise。　　He　did　so；　and　by
  some　judicious　modifications　of　his　plan；　coupled　with　laborious
  efforts　with　individual　members　and　his　own　overmastering
  eloquence　upon　that　floor；　he　finally　secured　the　admission　of
  the　State。　　Brightly　and　captivating　as　it　had　previously　shown；
  it　was　now　perceived　that　his　great　eloquence　was　a　mere
  embellishment；　or　at　most　but　a　helping　hand　to　his　inventive
  genius　and　his　devotion　to　his　country　in　the　day　of　her　extreme
  peril。
  After　the　settlement　of　the　Missouri　question；　although　a　portion
  of　the　American　people　have　differed　with　Mr。　Clay；　and　a
  majority　even　appear　generally　to　have　been　opposed　to　him　on
  questions　of　ordinary　administration；　he　seems　constantly　to　have
  been　regarded　by　all　as　the　man　for　the　crisis。　　Accordingly；　in
  the　days　of　nullification；　and　more　recently　in　the　reappearance
  of　the　slavery　question　connected　with　our　territory　newly
  acquir