say　so。　　Colonel　Doniphan；　too；　the　favorite　Whig　of　Missouri；
  and　who　overran　all　Northern　Mexico；　on　his　return　home　in　a
  public　speech　at　St。　　Louis　condemned　the　administration　in
  relation　to　the　war。　　If　I　remember；　G。　　T。　　M。　　Davis；　who　has
  been　through　almost　the　whole　war；　declares　in　favor　of　Mr。　Clay；
  from　which　I　infer　that　he　adopts　the　sentiments　of　Mr。　Clay；
  generally　at　least。　　On　the　other　hand；　I　have　heard　of　but　one
  Whig　who　has　been　to　the　war　attempting　to　justify　the
  President's　conduct。　　That　one　was　Captain　Bishop；　editor　of　the
  Charleston　Courier；　and　a　very　clever　fellow。　　I　do　not　mean　this
  letter　for　the　public；　but　for　you。　　Before　it　reaches　you；　you
  will　have　seen　and　read　my　pamphlet　speech；　and　perhaps　been
  scared　anew　by　it。　　After　you　get　over　your　scare；　read　it　over
  again；　sentence　by　sentence；　and　tell　me　honestly　what　you　think
  of　it。　　I　condensed　all　I　could　for　fear　of　being　cut　off　by　the
  hour　rule；　and　when　I　got　through　I　had　spoken　but　forty…five
  minutes。
  Yours　forever；
  A。　LINCOLN。
  TO　WILLIAM　H。　HERNDON。
  WASHINGTON；　February　2；　1848
  DEAR　WILLIAM：I　just　take　my　pen　to　say　that　Mr。　Stephens；　of
  Georgia；　a　little；　slim；　pale…faced；　consumptive　man；　with　a
  voice　like　Logan's；　has　just　concluded　the　very　best　speech　of　an
  hour's　length　I　ever　heard。　　My　old　withered　dry　eyes　are　full　of
  tears　yet。
  If　he　writes　it　out　anything　like　he　delivered　it；　our　people
  shall　see　a　good　many　copies　of　it。
  Yours　truly；
  A。　LINCOLN。
  ON　THE　MEXICAN　WAR
  TO　WILLIAM　H。　HERNDON。
  WASHINGTON；　February　15；　1848。
  DEAR　WILLIAM：Your　letter　of　the　29th　January　was　received　last
  night。　　Being　exclusively　a　constitutional　argument；　I　wish　to
  submit　some　reflections　upon　it　in　the　same　spirit　of　kindness
  that　I　know　actuates　you。　　Let　me　first　state　what　I　understand
  to　be　your　position。　　It　is　that　if　it　shall　become　necessary　to
  repel　invasion；　the　President　may；　without　violation　of　the
  Constitution；　cross　the　line　and　invade　the　territory　of　another
  country；　and　that　whether　such　necessity　exists　in　any　given　case
  the　President　is　the　sole　judge。
  Before　going　further　consider　well　whether　this　is　or　is　not　your
  position。　　If　it　is；　it　is　a　position　that　neither　the　President
  himself；　nor　any　friend　of　his；　so　far　as　I　know；　has　ever　taken。
  Their　only　positions　arefirst；　that　the　soil　was　ours　when　the
  hostilities　commenced；　and　second；　that　whether　it　was　rightfully
  ours　or　not；　Congress　had　annexed　it；　and　the　President　for　that
  reason　was　bound　to　defend　it；　both　of　which　are　as　clearly
  proved　to　be　false　in　fact　as　you　can　prove　that　your　house　is
  mine。　　The　soil　was　not　ours；　and　Congress　did　not　annex　or
  attempt　to　annex　it。　　But　to　return　to　your　position。　　Allow　the
  President　to　invade　a　neighboring　nation　whenever　he　shall　deem
  it　necessary　to　repel　an　invasion；　and　you　allow　him　to　do　so
  whenever　he　may　choose　to　say　he　deems　it　necessary　for　such
  purpose；　and　you　allow　him　to　make　war　at　pleasure。　　Study　to　see
  if　you　can　fix　any　limit　to　his　power　in　this　respect；　after
  having　given　him　so　much　as　you　propose。　　If　to…day　he　should
  choose　to　say　he　thinks　it　necessary　to　invade　Canada　to　prevent
  the　British　from　invading　us；　how　could　you　stop　him？　　You　may
  say　to　him；I　see　no　probability　of　the　British　invading　us〃；
  but　he　will　say　to　you；　〃Be　silent：　I　see　it；　if　you　don't。〃
  The　provision　of　the　Constitution　giving　the　war　making　power　to
  Congress　was　dictated；　as　I　understand　it；　by　the　following
  reasons：　kings　had　always　been　involving　and　impoverishing　their
  people　in　wars；　pretending　generally；　if　not　always；　that　the
  good　of　the　people　was　the　object。　　This　our　convention
  understood　to　be　the　most　oppressive　of　all　kingly　oppressions；
  and　they　resolved　to　so　frame　the　Constitution　that　no　one　man
  should　hold　the　power　of　bringing　this　oppression　upon　us。　　But
  your　view　destroys　the　whole　matter；　and　places　our　President
  where　kings　have　always　stood。　　Write　soon　again。
  Yours　truly；
  A。　LINCOLN。
  REPORT　IN　THE　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES；
  MARCH　9；　1848。
  Mr。　Lincoln；　from　the　Committee　on　the　Postoffice　and　Post　Roads；
  made　the　following　report：
  The　Committee　on　the　Post…office　and　Post　Roads；　to　whom　was
  referred　the　resolution　of　the　House　of　Representatives　entitled
  〃An　Act　authorizing　postmasters　at　county　seats　of　justice　to
  receive　subscriptions　for　newspapers　and　periodicals；　to　be　paid
  through　the　agency　of　the　Post…office　Department；　and　for　other
  purposes；〃　beg　leave　to　submit　the　following　report
  The　committee　have　reason　to　believe　that　a　general　wish　pervades
  the　community　at　large　that　some　such　facility　as　the　proposed
  measure　should　be　granted　by　express　law；　for　subscribing；
  through　the　agency　of　the　Post…office　Department；　to　newspapers
  and　periodicals　which　diffuse　daily；　weekly；　or　monthly
  intelligence　of　passing　events。　　Compliance　with　this　general
  wish　is　deemed　to　be　in　accordance　with　our　republican
  institutions；　which　can　be　best　sustained　by　the　diffusion　of
  knowledge　and　the　due　encouragement　of　a　universal；　national
  spirit　of　inquiry　and　discussion　of　public　events　through　the
  medium　of　the　public　press。　　The　committee；　however；　has　not　been
  insensible　to　its　duty　of　guarding　the　Post…office　Department
  against　injurious　sacrifices　for　the　accomplishment　of　this
  object；　whereby　its　ordinary　efficacy　might　be　impaired　or
  embarrassed。　　It　has　therefore　been　a　subject　of　much
  consideration；　but　it　is　now　confidently　hoped　that　the　bill
  herewith　submitted　effectually　obviates　all　objections　which
  might　exist　with　regard　to　a　less　matured　proposition。
  The　committee　learned；　upon　inquiry；　that　the　Post…office
  Department；　in　view　of　meeting　the　general　wish　on　this　subject；
  made　the　experiment　through　one　if　its　own　internal　regulations；
  when　the　new　postage　system　went　into　operation　on　the　first　of
  July；　1845；　and　that　it　was　continued　until　the　thirtieth　of
  September；　1847。　　But　this　experiment；　for　reasons　hereafter
  stated；　proved　unsatisfactory；　and　it　was　discontinued　by　order
  of　the　Postmaster…General。　　As　far　as　the　committee　can　at
  present　ascertain；　the　following　seem　to　have　been　the　principal
  grounds　of　dissatisfaction　in　this　experiment：
  （1）　The　legal　responsibility　of　postmasters　receiving　newspaper
  subscriptions；　or　of　their　sureties；　was　not　defined。
  （2）　The　authority　was　open　to　all　postmasters　instead　of　being
  limited　to　those　of　specific　offices。
  （3）　The　consequence　of　this　extension　of　authority　was　that；　in
  innumerable　instances；　the　money；　without　the　previous　knowledge
  or　control　of　the　officers　of　the　department　who　are　responsible
  for　the　good　management　of　its　finances；　was　deposited　in　offices
  where　it　was　improper　such　funds　should　be　placed；　and　the
  repayment　was　ordered；　not　by　the　financial　officers；　but　by　the
  postmasters；　at　points　where　it　was　inconvenient　to　the
  department　so　to　disburse　its　funds。
  （4）　The　inconvenience　of　accumulating　uncertain　and　fluctuating
  sums　at　small　offices　was　felt　seriously　in　consequent
  overpayments　to　contractors　on　their　quarterly　collecting　orders；
  and；　in　case　of　private　mail　routes；　in　litigation　concerning　the
  misapplication　of　such　funds　to　the　special　service　of　supplying
  mails。
  （5）　The　accumulation　of　such　funds　on　draft　offices　could　not　be
  known　to　the　financial　clerks　of　the　department　in　time　to
  control　it；　and　too　often　this　rendered　uncertain　all　their
  calculations　of　funds　in　hand。
  （6）　The　orders　of　payment　were　for　the　most　part　issued　upon　the
  principal　offices；　such　as　New　York；　Philadelphia；　Boston；
  Baltimore；　etc。；　where　the　large　offices　of　publishers　are
  located；　causing　an　illimitable　and　uncontrollable　drain　of　the
  department　funds　from　those　points　where　it　was　essential　to
  husband　them　for　its　own　regular　disbursements。　　In　Philadelphia
  alone　this　drain　averaged　5000　per　quarter；　and　in　other　cities
  of　the　seaboard　it　was　proportionate。
  （7）　The　embarrassment　of　the　department　was　increased　by　the
  illimitable；　uncontrollable；　and　irresponsible　scattering　of　its
  funds　from　concentrated　points　suitable　for　its　distributions；　to
  remote；　unsafe；　and　inconvenient　offices；　where　they　could　not　be
  again　made　available　till　collected　by　special　agents；　or　were
  transferred　at　considerable　expense　into　the　principal　disbursing
  offices　again。
  （8）　There　was　a　vast　increase　of　duties　thrown　upon　the　limited
  force　before　necessary　to　conduct　the　business　of　the　department；
  and　from　the　delay　of　obtaining　vouchers　impediments　arose　to　the
  speedy　settlement　of　accounts　with　present　or　retired　post…
  masters；　causing　postponements　which　endangered　the　liability　of
  sureties　under　the　act　of　limitations；　and　causing