第 45 节
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  to never…ending use unworn; keeping it free from sickness or decay;'26' so
  that   swifter   than   thought   it   ministers   to   his   will   unerringlythis   God   is
  seen to perform the mightiest operations; but in the actual administration
  of   the   same   abides   himself   invisible   to   mortal   ken。   Reflect   further;   this
  Sun above our heads; so visible to allas we supposewill not suffer man
  to   regard   him   too   narrowly;   but   should   any   essay   to   watch   him   with   a
  shameless stare he will snatch away their power of vision。 And if the gods
  themselves   are   thus   unseen;   so   too   shall   you   find   their   ministers   to   be
  hidden   also;   from   the   height   of   heaven   above   the   thunderbolt   is   plainly
  hurled; and triumphs over all that it encounters; yet it is all…invisible; no
  eye may detect its coming or its going at the moment of its swoop。 The
  winds   also   are   themselves   unseen;   though   their   works   are   manifest;   and
  through their approach   we are aware   of them。 And let us   not forget;   the
  soul   of   man   himself;   which   if   aught   else   human   shares   in   the   divine
  however manifestly enthroned within our bosom; is as wholly as the rest
  hidden   from   our   gaze。   These   things   you   should   lay   to   mind;   and   not
  despise the invisible ones; but learn to recognise their power; as revealed
  in outward things; and to know the divine influence。'27'
  '20' Cf。 Cic。 〃de N。 D。〃 I。 xii。 31; Lactantius; 〃de Ira;〃 xi。 13。
  '21' See L。 Dindorf ad loc。 (ed。 Ox。 1862); {theous}; G。 Sauppe; vol。
  iii。 〃An。 crit。〃 p。 xxix; R。 Kuhner; C。 Schenkl。
  '22'    i。e。  〃that   man     must    walk    by   faith。〃   For   {upodeiknunai}         cf。
  〃Econ。〃 xii。 18。
  '23' Schneid。 cf。 Plat。 〃Crat。〃 396。
  '24' Or; 〃the co…ordinator and container of the universe。〃
  '25' Or; 〃in whom all beauty and goodness is。〃
  '26' Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 VIII。 vii。 22; above; I。 iv。 13。
  '27' {to daimonion}; the divinity。
  Nay; Socrates (replied Euthydemus); there is no danger I shall turn a
  deaf ear to the divine influence even a little; of that I am not afraid; but I
  am out of heart to think that no soul of man may ever requite the kindness
  of the gods with fitting gratitude。
  Be not out of heart because of that (he said); you know what answer
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  the god at Delphi makes to each one who comes asking 〃how shall I return
  thanks to heaven?〃〃According to the law and custom of your city〃; and
  this; I presume; is law and custom everywhere that a man should please
  the gods with offerings according to the ability which is in him。'28' How
  then should a man honour the gods with more beautiful or holier honour
  than by doing what they bid him? but he must in no wise slacken or fall
  short of his ability; for when a man so does; it is manifest; I presume; that
  at   the   moment   he   is   not   honouring   the  gods。 You   must   then   honour   the
  gods; not with shortcoming but according to your ability; and having   so
  done;   be   of   good   cheer   and   hope   to   receive   the   greatest   blessings。   For
  where else should a man of sober sense look to receive great blessings if
  not   from  those   who   are   able   to   help   him   most;   and   how   else   should   he
  hope to obtain them save by seeking to please his helper; and how may he
  hope     to  please    his   helper   better   than    by   yielding    him   the   amplest
  obedience?
  '28'   Or;   〃and   that   law;  I  presume;   is   universal    which   says;    Let   a
  man;〃 etc。; and for the maxim see above; 〃Anab。〃 III。 ii。 9。
  By such wordsand conduct corresponding to his wordsdid Socrates
  mould   and   fashion   the   hearts   of   his   companions;   making   them   at   once
  more devout and more virtuous。'29'
  '29' Or; 〃sounder of soul and more temperate as well as more pious。〃
  IV
  But indeed'1' with respect to justice and uprightness he not only made
  no   secret   of   the   opinion   he   held;   but   gave   practical   demonstration   of   it;
  both in private by his law…abiding and helpful behaviour to all;'2' and in
  public by obeying the magistrates in all that the laws enjoined; whether in
  the life of the city or in military service; so that he was a pattern of loyalty
  to the rest of the world; and on three several occasions in particular: first;
  when   as   president   (Epistates)   of   the   assembly   he   would   not   suffer   the
  sovereign people to take an unconstitutional vote;'3' but ventured; on the
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  side   of   the   laws;   to   resist   a   current   of   popular   feeling   strong   enough;   I
  think; to have daunted any other man。 Again; when the Thirty tried to lay
  some   injunction   on   him   contrary  to   the   laws;  he   refused   to   obey;   as   for
  instance   when   they   forbade   his   conversing   with   the   young;'4'   or   again;
  when they ordered him and certain other citizens to arrest a man to be put
  to death;'5' he stood out single…handed on the ground that the injunctions
  laid upon him were contrary to the laws。 And lastly; when he appeared as
  defendant in the suit instituted by Meletus;'6' notwithstanding that it was
  customary   for   litigants   in   the   law   courts   to   humour   the   judges   in   the
  conduct   of   their   arguments   by   flattery   and   supplications   contrary   to   the
  laws;'7' notwithstanding also that defendants owed their acquittal by the
  court to the employment of such methods; he refused to do a single thing
  however habitual in a court of law which was not strictly legal; and though
  by only a slight deflection from the strict path he might easily have been
  acquitted by his judges;'8' he preferred to abide by the laws and die rather
  than transgress them and live。
  '1'    L。  Dindorf     suspects    'SS。   1…6;   {'Alla    men    。  。  。  pollakis}';   ed。
  Lips。 1872。 See also Praef。 to Ox。 ed。 p。 viii。
  '2' Or; 〃by his conduct to all; which was not merely innocent in the
  eye of law and custom but positively helpful。〃
  '3'   See   above;   I。   i。   18;   〃Hell。〃   I。   vii。   14;   15;   Grote;   〃H。   G。〃   viii。
  272。
  '4' See above; I。 ii。 35。
  '5'    Leon    of  Salamis。     See    〃Hell。〃   II。  iii。  39;  Plat。   〃Apol。〃    32   C;
  Andoc。 〃de Myst。〃 46。
  '6' See above; I。 i。 1; Plat。 〃Apol。〃 19 C。
  '7'   Kuhner   cf。   Quintil。   VI。   i。   7:   〃Athenis   affectus   movere   etiam   per
  praeconem prohibatur orator〃; 〃Apol。〃 4; Plat。 〃Apol。〃 38 D; E。
  '8' See Grote; 〃H。 G。〃 viii。 p。 663 foll。
  These views he frequently maintained in conversation; now with one
  and now with another; and one particular discussion with Hippias of Elis'9'
  on the topic of justice and uprightness has come to my knowledge。'10'
  '9'   For   this   famous   person   see   Cob。   〃Pros。   Xen。〃   s。n。;   Plat。   〃Hipp。
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  maj。〃 148; Quint。 xii。 11; 21; Grote; 〃H。 G。〃 viii。 524。
  '10' Or; 〃I can personally vouch for。〃
  Hippias had just arrived at Athens after a long absence; and chanced to
  be   present   when   Socrates   was   telling   some   listeners   how   astonishing   it
  was   that   if   a   man   wanted   to   get   another   taught   to   be   a   shoemaker   or
  carpenter or coppersmith or horseman; he would have no doubt where to
  send him for the purpose: 〃People say;〃'11' he added; 〃that if a man wants
  to get his horse or his ox taught in the right way;'12' the world is full of
  instructors;   but   if   he   would   learn   himself;   or   have   his   son   or   his   slave
  taught in the way of right; he cannot tell where to find such instruction。〃
  '11'   L。   Dindorf;   after   Ruhnken   and   Valckenar;   omits   this   sentence
  {phasi      de    tines   。   。  。  didaxonton}。       See    Kuhner      ad    loc。   For    the
  sentiment see Plat。 〃Apol。〃 20 A。
  '12'    Cf。   〃Cyrop。〃      II。  ii。  26;  VIII。   iii。  38;  also   〃Horsem。〃       iii。  5;
  〃Hunting;〃 vii。 4。
  Hippias; catching the words; exclaimed in a bantering tone: What! still
  repeating the same old talk;'13' Socrates; which I used to hear from you
  long ago?
  '13'   This   tale   is   repeated   b