第 26 节
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  is sent to Delos'12' there is nothing elsewhere from any quarter of the
  world   which   can   compete   with   it;   nor   will   you   find   in   any   other   state
  collected so fair a flower of manhood as in Athens?'13'
  '10'   Cf   Arist。   〃Rhet。〃   ii。   12;   {oi   neoi   pepaideuntai   upo   tou   nomou
  monon}。
  '11' {dia logou}。
  '12' See Thuc。 iii。 104; and below; IV。 viii。 2。
  '13' See references ap。 Schneider and Kuhner; 〃Symp。〃 iv。 17。
  Hipp。 You say truly。
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  Soc。 But for all that; it is not in sweetness of voice that the Athenians
  differ from the rest of the world so much; nor in stature of body or strength
  of   limb;   but   in   ambition   and   that   love   of   honour'14'   which   most   of   all
  gives a keen edge to the spirit in the pursuit of things lovely and of high
  esteem。
  '14' See below; v。 3; Dem。 〃de Cor。〃 28 foll。
  Hipp。 That; too; is a true saying。
  Soc。   Do   you   not   think;   then;   that   if   a   man   devoted   himself   to   our
  cavalry also; here in Athens; we should far outstrip the rest of the world;
  whether in the furnishing of arms and horses; or in orderliness of battle…
  array;   or   in   eager   hazardous   encounter   with   the   foe;   if   only   we   could
  persuade      ourselves     that  by   so   doing    we    should    obtain    honour    and
  distinction?
  Hipp。 It is reasonable to think so。
  Soc。 Have no hesitation; therefore; but try to guide your men into this
  path;'15' whence you yourself; and through you your fellow… citizens; will
  reap advantage。
  '15'    Or;   〃to   conduct     which    will   not   certainly    fail  of   profit   to
  yourself or through you to 。 。 。〃
  Yes; in good sooth; I will try (he answered)。
  IV
  At   another    time;   seeing    Nicomachides       on   his  way    back   from    the
  elections   (of   magistrates);'1'   he   asked   him:   Who   are   elected   generals;
  Nicomachides?
  '1'   Cf。   〃Pol。   Ath。〃   i。   3;   Aristot。   〃Ath。   Pol。〃   44。   4;   and   Dr。   Sandys'
  note ad loc。 p。 165 of his edition。
  And he: Is it not just like them; these citizens of Athensjust like them;
  I sayto go and elect; not me; who ever since my name first apepared on
  the muster…roll have literally worn myself out with military servicenow
  as a captain; now as a coloneland have received all these wounds from
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  the enemy; look you! (at the same time; and suiting the action to the word;
  he bared his arms and proceeded to show the scars of ancient wounds)
  they elect not me (he went on); but; if you please; Antisthenes! who never
  served as a hoplite'2' in his life nor in the cavalry ever   made a brilliant
  stroke; that I ever heard tell of; no! in fact; he has got no science at all; I
  take it; except to amass stores of wealth。
  '2' Cf。 Lys。 xiv。 10。
  But still (returned Socrates); surely that is one point in his favour he
  ought to be able to provide the troops with supplies。
  Nic。    Well;   for   the  matter    of   that;  merchants     are   good    hands    at
  collecting stores; but it does not follow that a merchant or trader will be
  able to command an army。
  But (rejoined Socrates) Antisthenes is a man of great pertinacity; who
  insists on winning; and that is a very necessary quality in a general。'3' Do
  not you see how each time he has been choragos'4' he has been successful
  with one chorus after another?
  '3' See Grote; 〃Plato;〃 i。 465 foll。
  '4'   Choir…master;      or   Director    of  the   Chorus。    It  was    his  duty   to
  provide and preside over a chorus to sing; dance; or play at any                          of
  the     public    festivals;    defraying      the   cost    as    a   state   service     of
  {leitourgia}。 See 〃Pol。 Ath。〃 iii。 4; 〃Hiero;〃 ix。 4; Aristot。                 〃Pol。 Ath。〃
  28。 3。
  Nic。 Bless me! yes; but there is a wide difference between standing at
  the head of a band of singers and dancers and a troop of soldiers。
  Soc。 Still; without any practical skill in singing or in the training of a
  chorus; Antisthenes somehow had the art to select the greatest proficients
  in both。
  Nic。 Yes; and by the same reasoning we are to infer that on a campaign
  he will find proficients; some to marshal the troops for him and others to
  fight his battles?
  Soc。 Just so。 If in matters military he only exhibits the same skill in
  selecting   the   best   hands   as   he   has   shown   in   matters   of   the   chorus;   it   is
  highly probable he will here also bear away the palm of victory; and we
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  may presume that if he expended so much to win a choric victory with a
  single tribe;'5' he will be ready to expend more to secure a victory in war
  with the whole state to back him。
  '5' See Dem。 〃against Lept。〃 496。 26。 Each tribe nominated such of its
  members as were qualified to undertake the burden。
  Nic。 Do you really mean; Socrates; that it is the function of the same
  man to provide efficient choruses and to act as commander…in…chief?
  Soc。 I mean this; that; given a man knows what he needs to provide;
  and has the skill to do so; no matter what the deparment of things may be
  house or city or armyyou will find him a good chief and director'6' of
  the same。
  '6' Or; 〃representative。〃
  Then   Nicomachides:   Upon   my   word;   Socrates;   I   should   never   have
  expected   to   hear   you   say  that   a   good   housekeeper'7'   and   steward   of   an
  estate would make a good general。
  '7' Or; 〃economist〃; cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 I。 vi。 12。
  Soc。 Come then; suppose   we examine their   respective duties; and so
  determine'8' whether they are the same or different。
  '8' Lit。 〃get to know。〃
  Nic。 Let us do so。
  Soc。 Well then; is it not a common duty of both to procure the ready
  obedience of those under them to their orders?
  Nic。 Certainly。
  Soc。 And also to assign to those best qualified to perform them their
  distinctive tasks?
  That; too; belongs to both alike (he answered)。
  Soc。 Again; to chastise the bad and reward the good belongs to both
  alike; methinks?
  Nic。 Decidedly。
  Soc。 And to win the kindly feeling of their subordinates must surely be
  the noble ambition of both?
  That too (he answered)。
  Soc。 And   do   you   consider   it   to   the   interest   of   both   alike   to   win   the
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  adherence of supporters and allies?'9'
  '9'   In   reference   to   the   necessity   of   building   up   a   family   connection
  or political alliances cf。 Arist。 〃Pol。〃 iii。 9; 13。
  Nic。 Without a doubt。
  Soc。 And does it not closely concern them both to be good guardians
  of their respective charges?
  Nic。 Very much so。
  Soc。 Then it equally concerns them both to be painstaking and prodigal
  of toil in all their doings?
  Nic。 Yes;   all   these   duties   belong   to   both   alike;   but   the   parallel   ends
  when you come to actual fighting。
  Soc。 Yet they are both sure to meet with enemies?
  Nic。 There is no doubt about that。
  Soc。   Then   is   it   not   to   the   interest   of   both   to   get   the   upper   hand   of
  these?
  Nic。 Certainly; but you omit to tell us what service organisation   and
  the art of management will render when it comes to actual fighting。
  Soc。 Why; it is just then; I presume; it will be of most service; for the
  good economist knows that nothing is so advantageous or so lucrative as
  victory     in  battle;   or   to  put   it  negatively;     nothing     so  disastrous     and
  expensive       as   defeat。   He    will   enthusiastically      seek    out   and    provide
  everything conducive to victory; he will painstakingly discover and guard
  against all that tends to defeat; and when satisifed that all is ready and ripe
  for    victory    he   will   deliver    battle   energetically;     and   what    is   equally
  important; until   the hour   of   final   preparation   has   arrived;'10'  he   will   be
  cautious      to  deliver    battle。   Do   not   despise     men    of  economic       genius;
  Nicomachides;   the   difference   between   the   devotion   requisite   to   private
  affairs   and