第 16 节
作者:      更新:2021-02-18 23:31      字数:9322
  grained temper。
  Then   Socrates:   Which;   think   you;   would   be   harder   to   beara   wild
  beast's savagery or a mother's?
  Lamp。 To my mind; a mother'sat least if she be such as mine。
  Soc。 Dear me! And has this mother ever done you any injurysuch as
  people frequently receive from beasts; by bite or kick?
  Lamp。 If she has not done quite that; she uses words which any one
  would sooner sell his life than listen to。
  Soc。 And how many annoyances have you caused your mother; do you
  suppose; by fretfulness and peevishness in word and deed; night and day;
  since you were a little boy? How much sorrow and pain; when you were
  ill?
  Lamp。 Well; I never said or did anything to bring a blush to her cheeks。
  Soc。 No; come now! Do you suppose it is harder for you to listen to
  your    mother's    speeches     than   for  actor   to  listen  to  actor   on  the   tragic
  stage;'4' when the floodgates of abuse are opened?
  '4' See Grote; 〃H。 G。〃 viii。 457; Plut。 〃Solon;〃 xxix。
  Lamp。 Yes; for the simple reason that they know it is all talk on their
  parts。 The inquisitor may cross…question; but he will not inflict a fine; the
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  threatener may hurl his menaces; but he will do no mischiefthat is why
  they take it all so easily。
  Soc。 Then ought you to fly into a passion; who know well enough that;
  whatever your mother says; she is so far from meaning you mischief that
  she is actually wishing blessings to descend upon you beyond all others?
  Or do you believe that your mother is really ill disposed towards you?
  Lamp。 No; I do not think that。
  Soc。 Then this mother; who is kindly disposed to you; and takes such
  tender care of you when you are ill to make you well again; and to see that
  you   want   for   nothing   which   may   help   you;   and;   more   than   all;   who   is
  perpetually pleading for blessings in your behalf and offering her vows to
  Heaven'5'can you say of her that she is cross…grained and harsh? For my
  part; I think; if you cannot away with such a mother; you cannot away with
  such blessings either。
  '5' Or; 〃paying vows。〃
  But tell   me   (he   proceeded);  do   you   owe service   to   any  living   being;
  think you? or are you prepared to stand alone? Prepared not to please or
  try to please   a single  soul? to   follow none? To obey  neither general   nor
  ruler   of   any   sort?   Is   that   your   attitude;   or   do   you   admit   that   you   owe
  allegience to somebody?
  Lamp。 Yes; certainly I owe allegiance。
  Soc。   May   I   take   it   that   you   are   willing   to   please   at   any   rate   your
  neighbour; so that he may kindle a fire for you in your need; may prove
  himself a ready helpmate in good fortune; or if you chance on evil and are
  stumbling; may friendlily stand by your side to aid?
  Lamp。 I am willing。
  Soc。   Well;   and   what   of   that   other   chance   companionyour   fellow…
  traveller   by   land   or   sea?   what   of   any   others;   you   may   light   upon?   is   it
  indifferent to you whether these be friends or not; or do you admit that the
  goodwill of these is worth securing by some pains on your part?
  Lamp。 I do。
  Soc。 It stands thus then: you are prepared to pay attention to this; that;
  and   the   other   stranger;   but to   your   mother   who   loves   you   more   than   all
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  else; you are bound to render no service; no allegiance? Do you not know
  that   whilst   the   state   does   not   concern   itself   with   ordinary   ingratitude   or
  pass judicial sentence on it; whilst it overlooks the thanklessness of those
  who   fail   to   make   return   for   kindly   treatment;   it   reserves   its   pains   and
  penalties     for   the   special    case?    If  a  man    render    not   the   service    and
  allegiance due to his parents; on him the finger of the law is laid; his name
  is struck off the roll; he is forbidden to hold the archonshipwhich is as
  much as   to say; 〃Sacrifices in   behalf   of the   state   offered by  such   a   man
  would be no offerings; being tainted with impiety; nor could aught else be
  'well and justly' performed of which he is the doer。〃 Heaven help us! If a
  man     fail   to  adorn    the   sepulchre     of   his  dead    parents     the  state   takes
  cognisance   of   the   matter;   and   inquisition   is   made   in   the   scrutiny   of   the
  magistrates。'6' And as for you; my son; if you are in your sober senses;
  you will earnestly entreat your mother; lest the very gods take you to be an
  ungrateful   being;  and   on their   side   also   refuse   to do   you   good;   and   you
  will beware   of   men   also;   lest   they  should   perceive   your   neglect   of   your
  parents; and with one consent hold you in dishonour;'7' and so you find
  yourself in a desert devoid of friends。 For if once the notion be entertained
  that here is a man ungrateful to his parents; no one will believe that any
  kindness shown you would be other than thrown away。
  '6' Lit。 〃the docimasia。〃 See Gow; 〃Companion;〃 xiv。
  '7' 〃Visiti with atimia。〃
  III
  At     another     time    the    differences      between      two    brothers     named
  Chaerephon   and   Chaerecrates;   both   well   known   to   him;   had   drawn   his
  attention; and on seeing the younger of the two he thus addresed him。
  Soc。 Tell me; Chaerecrates; you are not; I take it; one of those strange
  people     who     believe    that   goods    are   better   and    more    precious     than   a
  brother;'1'   and   that   too   although   the   former   are   but   senseless   chattels
  which need protection;  the latter   a   sensitive   and sensible being   who   can
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  afford it; and what is more; he is himself alone; whilst as for them their
  name is legion。 And here again is a marvellous thing: that a man should
  count his brother a loss; because the goods of his brother are not his; but
  he does not count his fellow…citizens loss; and yet their possessions are not
  his; only  it seems   in their   case he has wits   to see   that to   dwell   securely
  with many and have enough is better than to own the whole wealth of a
  community  and   to   live   in   dangerous   isolation;   but   this   same   doctrine   as
  applied to brothers they ignore。 Again; if a man have the means; he will
  purchase domestic slaves; because he wants assistants in his work; he will
  acquire   friends;   because   he   needs   their   support;   but   this   brother   of   his
  who   cares   about   brothers?   It   seems   a   friend   may   be   discovered   in   an
  ordinary citizen; but not in a blood relation who is also a brother。 And yet
  it   is   a  great   vantage…ground   towards   friendship   to   have   sprung   from   the
  same loins and to have been suckled at the same breasts; since even among
  beasts     a  certain    natural    craving;    and    sympathy       springs    up   between
  creatures   reared   together。'2'   Added   to   which;   a   man   who   has   brothers
  commands more respect from the rest of the world than the man who has
  none; and who must fight his own battles。'3'
  '1'    Cf。  〃Merchant       of  Venice;〃     II。  viii。  17:  〃Justice!    the  law!    my
  ducats; and my daughter!〃
  '2'    Or;   〃a  yearning      after  their   foster…brothers      manifests     itself   in
  animals。〃       See    〃Cyrop。〃      VIII。   vii。   14    foll。  for   a   parallel    to   this
  discussion。
  '3' Lit。 〃and is less liable to hostility。〃
  Chaer。   I   daresay;   Socrates;   where   the   differences   are   not   profound;
  reason would a man should bear with his brother; and not avoid him for
  some   mere   trifle's   sake;   for   a   brother   of   the   right   sort   is;   as   you   say;   a
  blessing; but if he be the very antithesis of that; why should a man lay his
  hand to achieve the impossible?
  Soc。 Well now; tell me; is there nobody whom Chaerephon can please
  any    more     than   he   can   please    yourself;    or  do   some     people    find   him
  agreeable enough?
  Chaer。 Nay; there you hit it。 That is just why I have a right to detest
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  him。 He can be pleasing enough to others; but to me; whenever he appears
  on the