第 7 节
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  single soul either by deprivation of good or infliction of evil; nor did he
  ever lie under the imputation of any of those misdoings。 WHere then is his
  liability to the indictment to be found? Who; so far from disbelieving in
  the gods; as set forth in the indictment; was conspicuous beyond all men
  for service to heaven; so far from corrupting the younga charge alleged
  with insistence by the prosecutorwas notorious for the zeal with which
  he strove not only to stay his associates from evil desires; but to foster in
  them a passionate desire for that loveliest and queenliest of virtues without
  which states and families crumble to decay。'38' Such being his conduct;
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  was he not worthy of high honour from the state of Athens?
  '38' Or; 〃the noblest and proudest virtue by means of which states and
  families are prosperously directed。〃
  III
  It may serve to illustrate the assertion that he benefited his associates
  partly by the display of his own virtue and partly by verbal discourse and
  argument; if I set down my various recollections'1' on these heads。 And
  first   with   regard   to   religion   and   the   concerns   of   heaven。   In   conduct   and
  language his behaviour conformed to the rule laid down by the Pythia'2'
  in reply to the question; 〃How shall we act?〃 as touching a sacrifice or the
  worship of ancestors; or any similar point。 Her answer is: 〃Act according
  to the law and custom of your state; and you will act piously。〃 After this
  pattern   Socrates   behaved   himself;   and   so   he   exhorted   others   to   behave;
  holding   them   to   be   but   busybodies   and   vain   fellows   who   acted   on   any
  different principle。
  '1' Hence the title of the work; {'Apomenmoneumata}; 〃Recollections;
  Memoirs; Memorabilia。〃 See Diog。 Laert。 〃Xen。〃 II。 vi。 48。
  '2' The Pythia at Delphi。
  His   formula   or   prayer   was   simple:   〃Give   me   that   which   is   best   for
  me;〃   for;   said   he;   the   gods know   best   what   good   things   areto  pray  for
  gold     or  silver   or  despotic    power     were    no   better   than   to  make     some
  particular throw at dice or stake in battle or any such thing the subject of
  prayer; of which the future consequences are manifestly uncertain。'3'
  '3'    See     (Plat。)   〃Alcib。     II。〃   142    foll。;   Valerius     Max。      vii。  2;
  〃Spectator;〃 No。 207。
  If with scant means he offered but small sacrifices he believed that he
  was in   no   wise   inferior to   those   who   make frequent   and   large  sacrifices
  from an ampler store。 It were ill surely for the very gods themselves; could
  they  take   delight   in   large   sacrifices   rather   than   in   small;   else   oftentimes
  must the offerings of bad men be found acceptable rather than of good; nor
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  from the point of view of men themselves would life be worth living if the
  offerings of a   villain rather than of a   righteous man found   favour in the
  sight   of   Heaven。   His   belief   was   that   the   joy   of   the   gods   is   greater   in
  proportion to the holiness of the giver; and he was ever an admirer of that
  line of Hesiod which says;
  According to thine ability do sacrifice to the immortal gods。'4'
  '4' Hesiod; 〃Works and Days;〃 336。 See 〃Anab。〃 III。 ii。 9。
  〃Yes;〃 he would say; 〃in our dealings with friends and strangers alike;
  and in reference to the demands of life in general; there is no better motto
  for a man than that: 'let a man do according to his ability。'〃
  Or to take another point。 If it appeared to him that a sign from heaven
  had    been    given   him;    nothing    would    have    induced     him   to  go   against
  heavenly  warning:   he   would   as   soon   have   been   persuaded   to   accept   the
  guidance of a blind man ignorant of the path to lead him on a journey in
  place of one who knew the road and could see; and so he denounced the
  folly of others who do things contrary to the warnings of God in order to
  avoid some disrepute among men。 For himself he despised all human aids
  by comparison with counsel from above。
  The habit and style of living to which he subjected his soul and body
  was   one   which   under   ordinary   circumstances'5'   would   enable   any   one
  adopting   it   to   look   existence   cheerily   in   the   face   and   to   pass   his   days
  serenely:   it   would   certainly   entail   no   difficulties   as   regards   expense。   So
  frugal was it that a man   must work little indeed who could not earn the
  quantum which contented Socrates。 Of food he took just enough to make
  eating a pleasurethe appetite he brought to it was sauce sufficient; while
  as    to  drinks;    seeing    that   he   only   drank    when     thirsty;   any   draught
  refreshed。'6' If he accepted an invitation to dinner; he had no difficulty in
  avoiding the common snare of over… indulgence; and his advice to people
  who   could   not   equally   control   their   appetite   was   to   avoid   taking   what
  would allure them to eat if not hungry or to drink if not thirsty。'7' Such
  things   are   ruinous   to   the   constitution;   he   said;  bad   for   stomachs;   brains;
  and soul alike; or as he used to put it; with a touch of sarcasm;'8' 〃It must
  have been by feasting men on so many dainty dishes that Circe produced
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  her pigs; only Odysseus through his continency and the 'promptings'9' of
  Hermes'   abstained   from   touching   them   immoderately;   and   by   the   same
  token did not turn into a swine。〃 So much for this topic; which he touched
  thus lightly and yet seriously。
  '5'   {ei   me   ti   daimonion   eie};   〃save   under   some   divinely…ordained
  calamity。〃 Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 I。 vi。 18; 〃Symp。〃 viii。 43。
  '6' See 〃Ages。〃 ix; Cic。 〃Tusc。〃 v。 34; 97; 〃de Fin。〃 ii。 28; 90。
  '7' Cf。 Plut。 〃Mor。〃 128 D; Clement; 〃Paedag。〃 2。 173; 33; 〃Strom。〃 2;
  492; 24; Aelian; 〃N。 A。〃 8; 9。
  '8'   〃Half    in  gibe    and   half  in   jest;〃  in  ref。  to  〃Od。〃    x。  233    foll。:
  〃So she let them in 。 。 。〃
  '9' {upothemosune}; 〃inspiration。〃 Cf。 〃Il。〃 xv。 412; 〃Od。〃 xvi。 233。
  But as to the concerns of Aphrodite; his advice was to hold strongly
  aloof from the fascination of fair forms: once lay finger on these and it is
  not easy to keep a sound head and a sober mind。 To take a particular case。
  It was a mere kiss which; as he had heard; Critobulus'10' had some time
  given   to   a   fair   youth;   the   son   of Alcibiades。'11' Accordingly   Critobulus
  being present; Socrates propounded the question。
  '10' For Critobulus (the son of Crito) see 〃Econ。〃 i。 1 foll。; 〃Symp。〃
  i。 3 foll。
  '11'   See   Isocr。   〃Or。〃   xvi。   Cobet   conj。   {ton   tou   'Axiokhou   uion};   i。e。
  Clinias。
  Soc。 Tell me; Xenophon; have you not always believed Critobulus to
  be a man of sound sense; not wild and self…willed? Should you not have
  said   that   he   was   remarkable   for   his   prudence   rather   than   thoughtless   or
  foolhardy?
  Xen。 Certainly that is what I should have said of him。
  Soc。   Then   you   are   now   to   regard   him   as   quite   the   reversea   hot…
  blooded;   reckless   libertine:   this   is   the   sort   of   man   to   throw   somersaults
  into knives;'12' or to leap into the jaws of fire。
  '12' Cf。 〃Symp。〃 ii。 10; iv。 16。 See Schneider ad loc。
  Xen。 And what have you seen him doing; that you give him so bad a
  character?
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  Soc。 Doing? Why; has not the fellow dared to steal a kiss from the son
  of Alcibiades; most fair of youths and in the golden prime?
  Xen。 Nay; then; if that is the foolhardy adventure; it is a danger which I
  could well encounter myself。
  Soc。 Pour soul! and what do you expect your fate to be after that kiss?
  Let me tell you。 On the instant you will lose your freedom; the indenture
  of your bondage will be signed; it will be yours on compulsion to spend
  large sums on hurtful pleasures; you will have scarcely a moment's leisure
  left   for   any   noble   study;   you   will   be   driven   to   concern   yourself   most
  zealously with things which no man; not even a madman; would choose to
  make an object of concern。
  Xen。 O Heracles! how fell a power to reside in a kiss!