第 106 节
作者:开了      更新:2021-02-18 23:01      字数:9305
  insensibly spreading among all the troops。  。  。  。  The troops are
  all in a state of gangrene; while all the municipalities oppose the
  orders they receive concerning the movements of troops。〃
  '38' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H;1453。  Correspondence of M。 de
  Bercheny; July 12; 1790。
  '39' 〃Mémoire Justificatif〃 (by Grégoire); on behalf of two
  soldiers; Emery and Delisle。   …  De Bouillé; 〃Mémoires。〃  …  De
  Dampmartin; I。128; 144。  …  〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105;
  Correspondence of M。 de Thiard; July 2 and 9; 1790。   …  Moniteur;
  sittings of September 3 and June 4; 1790。
  '40' De Bouillé; p。  127。  … Moniteur; sitting of August 6; 1790;
  and that of May 27; 1790。   …  Full details in authentic documents
  of the affair at Nancy; passim。  …  Report of M。 Emmery; August 16;
  1790; and other documents in Buchez and Roux; VII。  59…162。   …  De
  Bezancenet; p。35。  Letters of M。 de Dommartin (Metz; August 4;
  1790)。  〃The Federation there passed off quietly; only; a short time
  after; some soldiers of a regiment took it into their heads to
  divide the (military) fund; and at once placed sentinels at the door
  of the officer having charge of the chest; compelling him to open it
  (désacquer)。  Another regiment has since put all its officers under
  arrest。  A third has mutinied; and wanted to take all its horses to
  the market…place and sell them。 。  。  。  Everywhere the soldiers are
  heard to say that if they want money they know where to find it。〃
  '41' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3215; letters of the Royal
  Commissioners; September 27; October 1; 4; 8; 11; 1790。  the
  commencement of the Revolution; had most to do with the
  insurrections in the interior。  〃What means can four commissioners
  employ to convince 20;000 men; most of whom are seduced by the real
  enemies of the public welfare? In consequence of the replacing of
  the men the crews are; for the most part; composed of those who are
  almost ignorant of the sea; who know nothing of the rules of
  subordination; and who; at the commencement of the Revolution; had
  most to do with the insurrections in the interior。〃
  '42' Mercure de France。  October 2; 1790。  Letter of the Admiral; M。
  d'Albert de Rioms; September 16。  The soldiers of the Majestueux
  have refused to drill; and the sailors of the Patriote to obey。   …
  〃I wished to ascertain beforehand if they had any complaint to make
  against their captain? …  No。   …  If they complained of myself?  …
  No。   …  If they had any complaints to make against their officers ?
  …  No。   …  It is the revolt of one class against another class;
  their sole cry is 'Vive la Nation et les Aristocrates à la
  lanterne!' The mob have set up a gibbet before the house of M。 de
  Marigny; major…general of marines; he has handed in his resignation。
  M。 d'Albert tenders his resignation。〃  …  Ibid; June 18; 1791
  (letter from Dunkirk; June 3)。
  '43' De Dampmartin; I。  222; 219。  Mercure de France; September 3;
  1791。  (Sitting of August 23。)  …  Cf。  Moniteur (same date)。  〃The
  Ancient Régime;〃 p。377。
  '44' Marshal Marmont; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。  24。  〃The sentiment I
  entertained for the person of the King is difficult to define。  。  。
  (It was) a sentiment of devotion of an almost religious character; a
  profound respect as if due to a being of a superior order。  At this
  time the word king possessed a magic power in all pure and upright
  hearts which nothing had changed。  This delicate sentiment 。  。  。
  still existed in the mass of the nation; especially among the well…
  born; who; sufficiently remote from power; were rather impressed by
  its brilliancy than by its imperfections。〃 De Bezancenet; 27。
  Letter of M。 de Dommartin; August 24; 1790。  〃We have just renewed
  our oath。  I hardly know what it all means。  I; a soldier; know only
  my King; in reality I obey two masters; who; we are told; will
  secure my happiness and that of my brethren; if they agree
  together。〃
  '45' De Dampmartin; I。  179。  See the details of his resignation
  (III。  185) after June 20; 1792。  …  Mercure de France; April 14;
  1792。 Letter from the officers of the battalion of the Royal
  chasseurs of Provence (March 9)。  They are confined to their
  barracks by their soldiers; who refuse to obey their orders; and
  they declare that; on this account; they abandon the service and
  leave France。
  '46' Rousset; 〃Les Volontaires de 1791 à 1794; p。  106。  Letter of
  M。 de Biron to the minister (August; 1792); p。225; letter of Vezu;
  commander of the 3rd battalion of Paris; to the army of the north
  (July 24; 1793)。   …  〃A Residence in France from 1792 to 1795〃
  (September; 1792。  Arras)。  See notes at the end of vol。  II。  for
  the details of these violent proceedings。
  '47' Mercure de France; March 5; June 4; September 3; October 22;
  1791。  (Articles by Mallet du Pan。 …  Ibid。  ; April 14; 1792。  More
  than six hundred naval officers resigned after the mutiny of the
  squadron at Brest。  〃Twenty…two grave revolts in the ports on
  shipboard remained unpunished; and several of them through the
  decisions of the naval jury。〃 〃There is no instance of any
  insurrection; in the ports or on shipboard; or any outrage upon a
  naval officer; having been punished。  。  。  。  It is not necessary
  to seek elsewhere for the causes of the abandonment of the service
  by naval officers。  According to their letters all offer their lives
  to France; but refuse to command those who will not obey。〃
  '48' This was done by Hitler against the Jews and by the Communists
  against their 〃enemy〃 the bourgeois。  (SR。)
  '49' Duvergier; 〃Decrees of August 1…6; 1791; February 9…11; 1792;
  March 30 to April 8; 1792; July 24…28; 1792; March 28 to April 5;
  1793。〃  …  Report by Roland; January 6; 1793。  He estimates this
  property at 4;800 millions; of which 1;800 millions must he de…
  ducted for the creditors of the emigrants; 3;000 millions remain。
  Now; at this date; the assignats are at a discount of 55 per cent。
  from their nominal figure。
  '50' Mercure de France;; February 18; 1792。
  '51' Already Tacitus noted some 2000 years ago that; 〃It is part of
  human nature to hate the man you have hurt。〃 (SR。)
  '52' Cf。  on this general attitude of the clergy; Sauzay; V。  I。
  and the whole of V。  II。   …  Mercure de France; September 10; 1791:
  〃No impartial man will fail to see that; in the midst of this
  oppression; amidst so many fanatical charges of which the reproach
  of fanaticism and revolt is the pretext; not one act of resistance
  has yet been manifest。  Informers and municipal bodies; governed by
  clubs; have caused a large number of non…jurors to be cast into
  dungeons。  All have come out of them; or groan there untried; and no
  tribunal has found any of them guilty。〃  …  Report of M。 Cahier;
  Minister of the Interior; February 18; 1792。  He declares that 〃he
  had no knowledge of any priest being convicted by the courts as a
  disturber of the public peace; although several had been accused。〃
  …  Moniteur May 6; 1792。  (Report of Fran?ais de Nantes) 〃Not one
  has been punished for thirty months。〃
  '53' On these spontaneous brutal acts of the Catholic peasants; cf。
  〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3236 (Lozère; July…November; 1791)。
  Deliberation of the district of Florac; July 6; 1791; and the
  official statement of the commissioner of the department on the
  disturbances in Espagnac。  On the 5th of July; Richard; a
  constitutional curé; calls upon the municipality to proceed to his
  installation。  〃The ceremony could not take place; owing to the
  hooting; of the women and children; and the threats of various
  persons who exclaimed: 'Kill him! strangle him; he is a Protestant;
  is married; and has children;' and owing to the impossibility of
  entering the church; the doors of which were obstructed by the large
  number of women standing in front of them:〃… On the 6th of July; he
  is installed; but with difficulty。  〃Inside the church a crowd of
  women uttered loud cries and bemoaned the removal of their old curé
  On returning; in the streets; a large number of women; unsettled by
  the sight of the constitutional cure; turned their faces aside 。  。
  。  and contented themselves with uttering disjointed words 。  …
  without doing anything more than cover their faces with their
  bonnets; casting themselves on the ground。〃  …  July 15。  The clerk
  will no longer serve at the mass nor ring the bells; the curé;
  Richard; attempting to ring them himself; the people threaten him
  with ill…treatment if he runs the risk。   …  September 8; 1791。
  Letter from the curé of Fau; district of Saint…Chély。  〃That night I
  was on the brink of death through a troop of bandits who took my
  parsonage away from me; after having broken in the doors and
  windows。〃  …  December 30; 1791。  Another curé who goes to take
  possession of his parsonage is assailed with stones by sixty women;
  and thus pursued beyond the limits of the parish 。 …  August 5;
  1791。  Petition of the constitutional bishop of Me