第 105 节
作者:开了      更新:2021-02-18 23:01      字数:9309
  Chatellenot (near Asnay…le…Duc) to the President of the National
  Assembly; July 1; 1791。 〃In the realm of liberty we live under the
  most cruel tyranny; and in a state of the most complete anarchy;
  while the administrative bodies and the police; still in their
  infancy; seem to act only in fear and trembling。  。  。  。  So far;
  in all crimes; they are more concerned with extenuating the facts;
  than in punishing the offense。  The result is that the guilty have
  had no other restraint on them than a few gentle phrases like this:
  Dear brothers and friends; you are in the wrong; be careful;〃 etc。
  …  Ibid。  ; F7; 3229。  Letter of the Directory of the Department of
  Marne; July 13; 1791。  (Searches by the National Guard in chateaux
  and the disarming of formerly privileged persons。) 〃None of our
  injunctions were obeyed。〃 For example; there is breakage and
  violence in the residence of M。 Guinaumont at Merry; the gun; shot
  and powder of the game…keeper even are carried off。  〃M。 de
  Guinaumont is without the means of defending himself against a mad
  dog or any other savage brute that might come into his woods or into
  his courtyard。〃 The Mayor of Merry; with the National Guard; under
  compulsion; tells them in vain that they are breaking the law。   …
  Petition of Madame d'Ambly; wife of the deputy; June 28; 1791。  Not
  having the guns which she had already given up; she is made to pay
  150 francs。
  '14' Archives Nationales;〃 DXXIX。  4。  Letters of the Administrators
  of the Department of Rh?ne…et…Loire; July 6; 1791。  (M。 Vilet is one
  of the signers。)  …  Mercure de France; October 8; 1791。
  '15' Mercure de France; August 20; 1791; the article by Mallet du
  Pan。  〃The details of the picture I have just sketched were all
  furnished me by Madame Dumoutet herself。〃 I am 〃authorized by her
  signature to guarantee the accuracy of this narrative。〃
  '16' Mercure de France; August 20; 1791; the article by Mallet du
  Pan。  〃The proceedings instituted at Lyons confirmed this banquet of
  cannibals。〃
  '17' The letter of the Department ends with this either na?ve or
  ironical expression: 〃You have now only one conquest to make; that
  of making the people obey and submit to the law。〃
  '18' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 P7; 3;200。  See documents relating to
  the affair of November 5; 1792; and the events which preceded it or
  followed it; and among others 〃Lettres du Directoire et du
  Procureur…syndic du Departement;〃 〃Pétition et Mémoire pour les
  Déténus;〃 〃Lettres d'un Témoin;〃 M。 de Morant。   …  Moniteur; X。
  356。  〃Minutes of the meeting de la Municipalité de Caen〃 and of the
  〃Directoire du Departement;〃 XI。1264; 206。  〃Rapport de Guadet;〃 and
  documents of the trial。   …  〃Archives Nationales;〃 ibid。  。 …
  〃Lettres de M。 Cahier;〃 Minister of the Interior; January 26; 1792;
  of M。 C。  D。  de Pontécoulant; President of the Department
  Directory; February 3; 1792。   …  Proclamation by the Directory。
  '19' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3200。  Letter of September 26; 1791。
  …  Letter found on one of the arrested gentlemen。  〃A cowardly
  bourgeoisie; directors in cellars; a clubbist (Jacobin)
  municipality; waging the most illegal war against us。〃
  '20' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3200。  Letter of the Attorney…
  General of Bayeux; May 14; 1792; and of the Directory of Bayeux; May
  21; 1792。  …  At Bayeux; likewise; the refugees are denounced and in
  peril。  According to their verified statements they scarcely
  amounted to one hundred。  〃Several nonjuring priests; indeed; are
  found among them。 (But) the rest; for the most part; consist of the
  heads of families who are known to reside habitually in neighboring
  districts; and who have been forced to leave their homes after
  having been; or fearing to become; victims of religious intolerance
  or of the threats of factions and of brigands。〃
  '21' Lenin has probably read this during his studies in Paris and
  maybe been confirmed in his plan to create a new elite; an elite he
  eventually began to make use of from 1917 and onwards; an elite
  which continues to rule Russia and a great part of the world today。
  (SR。)
  '22' Mercure de France; June 4; 1790 (letter from Cahors; May 17;
  and an Act of the Municipality; May 10; 1790)。
  '23' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7;; 1223。  Letter of count Louis de
  Beaumont; November 9; 1791。  His letter; in a very moderate tone;
  thus end: 〃You must admit; sir; that it is very disagreeable and
  even incredible; that the Municipal Officers should be the
  originators of the disorders which occur in this town。〃
  '24' Mercure de France; January 7; 1792。  M。 Granchier de Riom
  petitions the Directory of his Department in relation to the
  purchase of the cemetery; where his father had been interred four
  years before; his object is to prevent it from being dug up; which
  was decreed; and to preserve the family vault。  He at the same time
  wishes to buy the church of Saint…Paul; in order to insure the
  continuance of the masses in behalf of his father's soul。  The
  Directory replies (December 5; 1791): 〃considering that the motives
  which have determined the petitioner in his declaration are a
  pretense of good feeling under which there is hidden an illusion
  powerless to pervert a sound mind; the Directory decides that the
  application of the sieur Granchier cannot be granted。〃
  '25' De Ferrières; II。  268 (April 19; 1791)。
  '26' De Montlosier; II。  307; 309; 312。
  '27' Moniteur; VI。 556。 Letter of M d'Aymar; commodore; November 18;
  1790。
  '28' Mercure de France; May 28; and June 16; 1791 (letters from
  Cahors and Castelnau; May 18)。
  '29' Mercure de France; number of May 28; 1791。  At the festival of
  the Federation; M。 de Massy would not order his cavalry to put their
  chapeaux on the points of their swords; which was a difficult
  maneuver。  He was accused of treason to the nation on account of
  this; and obliged to leave Tulle for several months。   …  〃 Archives
  Nationales;〃 F7; 3204。  Extract from the minutes of the tribunal of
  Tulle; May 10; 1791。
  '30' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3215; 〃Minutes of the meeting des
  Officiers Municipaux de Brest;〃 June 23; 1791。
  '31' 〃Mémoires de Cuvier〃 (〃Eloges Historiques;〃 by Flourens); I;
  177。  Cuvier; who was then in Havre (1788); had pursued the higher
  studies in a German administrative school。  〃M。 de Surville;〃 he
  says; an officer in the Artuis regiment; has one of the must refined
  minds and most amiable characters I ever encountered。  There were a
  good many of this sort among his comrades; and I am always
  astonished how such men could vegetate in the obscure ranks of an
  infantry regiment。〃
  '32' De Dampmartin; I。  133。  At the beginning of the year 1790;
  〃inferior officers said: 'We ought to demand something; for we have
  at least as many grievances as our troopers;' 〃  …  M。 de la
  Rochejacquelein; after his great success in La Vendée; said: 〃I hope
  that the King; when once he is restored; will give me a regiment。〃
  He aspired to nothing more (〃Mémoires de Madame de la
  Rochejacquelein〃)。  …  Cf。  〃Un Officier royaliste au Service de la
  Republique;〃 by M。 de Bezancenet; in the letters and biography of
  General de Dommartin killed in the expedition to Egypt。
  '33' Correspondence of MM。 de Thiard; de Caraman; de Miran; de
  Bercheny; etc。; above cited; passim。  … Correspondence of M。 de
  Thiard; May 5; 1780: 〃The town of Vannes has an authoritative style
  which begins to displease me。  It wants the King to furnish drum…
  sticks。  The first log of wood would provide these; with greater
  ease and promptness。〃
  '34' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3248; March 16; 1791。  At Douai;
  Nicolon; a grain…dealer; is hung because the municipal authorities
  did not care to proclaim martial law。  The commandant; M。 de la
  Noue; had not the right of ordering his men to move; and the murder
  took place before his eyes。
  '35' The last named; especially; died with heroic meekness (Mercure
  de France; June 18; 1791)。  …  Sitting of June 9; speeches by two
  officers of the regiment of Port…au…Prince; one of them an eye…
  witness。
  '36' 〃De Dampmartin;〃 II。  214。  Desertion is very great; even in
  ordinary times; supplying foreign armies with 〃a fourth of their
  effective men。〃  …  Towards the end of 1789; Dubois de Crancé; an
  old musketeer and one of the future 〃men of the mountain;〃 stated to
  the National Assembly that the old system of recruiting supplied the
  army with 〃men without home or occupation; who often became soldiers
  to avoid civil penalties〃 (Moniteur; II。  376; 381; sitting of
  December 12; 1789)。
  '37' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105; Correspondence of M。 de
  Thiard; September 4 and 7; 1789; November 20; 1789; April 28; and
  May 29; 1790。  〃The spirit of insubordination which begins to show
  itself in the Bassigny regiment is an epidemic disease which is
  insensibly spreading among all the troops。  。  。  。  The troops are
  all in a state of gangrene;