第 102 节
作者:开了      更新:2021-02-18 23:01      字数:9314
  Occasionally; likewise; as; since the amnesty of September; 1791;
  the prisons have been emptied; as one…half of the courts are not yet
  installed;'63' as there has been no police for thirty months; the
  common robbers; bandits; and vagrants; who swarm about without
  repression or surveillance; join the mob and fill their pockets。
  Here; in Pas…de…Calais;'64' three hundred villagers; headed by a
  drummer; burst open the doors of a Carthusian convent; steal
  everything; eatables; beverages; linen; furniture; and effects;
  whilst; in the neighboring parish; another band operates in the same
  fashion in the houses of the mayor and of the old curé; threatening
  〃to kill and burn all;〃 and promising to return on the following
  Sunday。  …  There; in Bas…Rhin; near Fort Louis; twenty houses of
  the aristocrats are pillaged。  …  Elsewhere in Ile…et…Vilaine;
  bodies of rural militia; combined; go from parish to parish; and;
  increasing in numbers in consequence of their very violence until
  they form bands of two thousand men。  They close churches; drive
  away nonjuring priests; remove clappers from the bells; eat and
  drink what they please at the expense of the inhabitants; and often;
  in the houses of the mayor or tax…registrar; indulge in the pleasure
  of breaking everything to pieces。  Should any public officer
  remonstrate with them they shout; 〃At the aristocrat!〃 One of these
  unlucky counselors is struck on the back with the but…end of a
  musket; and two others have guns aimed at them; the chiefs of the
  expedition are in no better predicament; and; according to their own
  admission; if they are at the head of the mob it is to make sure
  they themselves will not be pillaged or hung。  The same spectacle
  presents itself in Mayenne; in Orne; in Moselle; and in the
  Landes。'65'  …  These; however; are but isolated irruptions; and
  very mild; in the south and in the center; the plague is apparent in
  an immense leprous spot; which extending from Avignon to Perigueux;
  and from Aurillac to Toulouse; suddenly covers; nearly without with
  any discontinuity; ten departments; Vaucluse; Ardèche; Gard; Cantal;
  Corrèze; Lot; Dordogne; Gers; Haute…Garonne; and Hérault。  Vast
  rural masses are set in motion at the same time; on all sides and
  owing to the same causes: the approach of war and the coming of
  Easter。  …  In Cantal; at the assembly of the canton held at
  Aurillac for the recruitment of the army;'66' the commander of a
  village National Guard demands vengeance 〃against those who are not
  patriots;〃 and the report is spread that an order has come from
  Paris to destroy the chateaux。  Moreover; the insurgents allege that
  the priests; through their refusal to take the oath; are bringing
  the nation into civil war: 〃we are tired of not having peace on
  their account; let them become good citizens; so that everybody may
  go to mass。〃 On the strength of this; the insurgents enter houses;
  put the inhabitants to ransom; not only priests and former nobles;
  〃but also those who are suspected of being their partisans; those
  who do not attend the mass of the constitutional priest;〃 and even
  poor people; artisans and tillers of the ground; whom they tax five;
  ten; twenty; and forty francs; and whose cellars and bread…bins they
  empty。  Eighteen chateaux are pillaged; burnt; or demolished; and
  among others; those of several gentlemen and ladies who have not
  left the country。  One of these; M。 d'Humières; is an old officer of
  eighty years; Madame de Peyronenc saves her son only by disguising
  him as a peasant; Madame de Beauclerc; who flies across the
  mountain; sees her sick child die in her arms。  At Aurillac; gibbets
  are set up before the principal houses; M。 de Niossel; a former
  lieutenant of a criminal court; put in prison for his safety; is
  dragged out; and his severed head is thrown on a dunghill; M。
  Collinet; just arrived from Malta; and suspected of being an
  aristocrat; is ripped open; cut to pieces; and his head is carried
  about on the end of a pike。  Finally; when the municipal officers;
  judges; and royal commissioner commence proceedings against the
  assassins; they find themselves in such great danger that they are
  obliged to resign or to run away。  In like manner; in Haute…
  Garonne;'67' it is also 〃against non…jurors and their followers〃
  that the insurrection has begun。  This is promoted by the fact that
  in various parishes the constitutional curé belongs to the club; and
  demands the riddance of his adversaries。  One of them at Saint…Jean…
  Lorne; 〃mounted on a cart; preaches pillage to a mob of eight
  hundred persons。〃 Each band; consequently; begins by expelling
  refractory priests; and by forcing their supporters to attend the
  mass of the sworn priest。  …  ?But such success; wholly abstract and
  barren; is of little advantage; and peasants in a state of revolt
  are not satisfied so easily。  When parishes march forth by the dozen
  and devote their day to the service of the public; they must have
  some compensation in wood; wheat; wine; or money;'68' and the
  expense of the expedition may be defrayed by the aristocrats。  Not
  merely the upholders of non…jurors are aristocrats; as; for example;
  an old lady here and there; 〃very fanatical; and who for forty years
  has devoted all her income to acts of philanthropy;〃 〃but well…to…do
  persons; peasants or gentlemen;〃 for; 〃by keeping their wine and
  grain unsold in their cellars and barns; and by not undertaking more
  work than they need; so as to deprive workmen in the country of
  their means of subsistence;〃 they design 〃to starve out〃 the poor
  folk。  Thus; the greater the pillage; the greater the service to the
  public。  According to the insurgents; it is important 〃to diminish
  revenues enjoyed by the enemies of the nation; in order that they
  may not send their revenues to Coblentz and other places out of the
  kingdom。〃 Consequently; bands of six or eight hundred or a thousand
  men overrun the districts of Toulouse and Castelsarrasin。  All
  proprietors; aristocrats; and patriots are put under contribution。
  Here; in the house of 〃the philanthropic but fanatical old maid;
  they break open everything; destroy the furniture; taking away
  eighty…two bushels of wheat and sixteen hogsheads of wine。〃
  Elsewhere; at Roqueferrière; feudal title…deeds are burnt; and a
  chateau is pillaged。  Farther on; at Lasserre; thirty thousand
  francs are exacted and the ready money is all carried off。  Almost
  everywhere the municipal officers; willingly or unwillingly;
  authorize pillaging。  Moreover; 〃they cut down provisions to a price
  in assignats very much less than their current rate in silver;〃 and
  they double the price of a day's work。  In the meantime; other bands
  devastate the national forests; and the gendarmes; in order not to
  be called aristocrats; have no idea but of paying court to the
  pillagers。
  After all this; it is manifest that property no longer exists for
  anybody except for paupers and robbers。  …  In effect; in
  Dordogne;'69' under the pretext of driving away nonjuring priests;
  frequently mobs gather to pillage and rob whatever comes in their
  way。  。  。  。  All the grain that is found in houses with
  weathercocks is sequestrated。〃 The rustics exploit; as communal
  property; all the forests; all the possessions of the emigrants; and
  this operation is radical; for example; a band; on finding a new
  barn of which the materials strike them as good; demolish it so as
  to share with each other the tiles and timber。  …  In Corrèze;
  fifteen thousand armed peasants; who have come to Tulle to disarm
  and drive off the supporters of the non…jurors; break everything in
  suspected houses; and a good deal of difficulty is found in sending
  them off empty…handed。  As soon as they get back home; they sack the
  chateaux of Saint…Gal; Seilhac; Gourdon; Saint…Basile; and La
  Rochette; besides a number of country…houses; even of absent
  plebeians。  They have found a quarry; and never was the removal of
  property more complete。  They carefully carry off; says an official
  statement; all that can be carried  …  furniture; curtains; mirrors;
  clothes…presses; pictures; wines; provisions; even floors and wooden
  panels; 〃down to the smallest fragments of iron and wood…work;〃
  smashing the rest; so that nothing 〃remains of the house but its
  four walls; the roof and the staircase。〃 In Lot; where for two years
  the insurrection is permanent; the damage is much greater。  During
  the night between the 30th and 31st of January; 〃all the best houses
  in Souillac〃 are broken open; 〃sacked and pillaged from top to
  bottom;〃'70' their owners being obliged to fly; and so many
  outbreaks occur in the department; that the directory has no time to
  render an account of them to the minister。  Entire districts are in
  revolt; as; 〃in each commune all the inhabitants are accomplices;
  witnesses cannot be had to support a criminal prosecution; and crime
  remains unpunished。〃 In the canton of Cabrerets; the restit