第 102 节
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开了 更新:2021-02-18 23:01 字数:9314
Occasionally; likewise; as; since the amnesty of September; 1791;
the prisons have been emptied; as one…half of the courts are not yet
installed;'63' as there has been no police for thirty months; the
common robbers; bandits; and vagrants; who swarm about without
repression or surveillance; join the mob and fill their pockets。
Here; in Pas…de…Calais;'64' three hundred villagers; headed by a
drummer; burst open the doors of a Carthusian convent; steal
everything; eatables; beverages; linen; furniture; and effects;
whilst; in the neighboring parish; another band operates in the same
fashion in the houses of the mayor and of the old curé; threatening
〃to kill and burn all;〃 and promising to return on the following
Sunday。 … There; in Bas…Rhin; near Fort Louis; twenty houses of
the aristocrats are pillaged。 … Elsewhere in Ile…et…Vilaine;
bodies of rural militia; combined; go from parish to parish; and;
increasing in numbers in consequence of their very violence until
they form bands of two thousand men。 They close churches; drive
away nonjuring priests; remove clappers from the bells; eat and
drink what they please at the expense of the inhabitants; and often;
in the houses of the mayor or tax…registrar; indulge in the pleasure
of breaking everything to pieces。 Should any public officer
remonstrate with them they shout; 〃At the aristocrat!〃 One of these
unlucky counselors is struck on the back with the but…end of a
musket; and two others have guns aimed at them; the chiefs of the
expedition are in no better predicament; and; according to their own
admission; if they are at the head of the mob it is to make sure
they themselves will not be pillaged or hung。 The same spectacle
presents itself in Mayenne; in Orne; in Moselle; and in the
Landes。'65' … These; however; are but isolated irruptions; and
very mild; in the south and in the center; the plague is apparent in
an immense leprous spot; which extending from Avignon to Perigueux;
and from Aurillac to Toulouse; suddenly covers; nearly without with
any discontinuity; ten departments; Vaucluse; Ardèche; Gard; Cantal;
Corrèze; Lot; Dordogne; Gers; Haute…Garonne; and Hérault。 Vast
rural masses are set in motion at the same time; on all sides and
owing to the same causes: the approach of war and the coming of
Easter。 … In Cantal; at the assembly of the canton held at
Aurillac for the recruitment of the army;'66' the commander of a
village National Guard demands vengeance 〃against those who are not
patriots;〃 and the report is spread that an order has come from
Paris to destroy the chateaux。 Moreover; the insurgents allege that
the priests; through their refusal to take the oath; are bringing
the nation into civil war: 〃we are tired of not having peace on
their account; let them become good citizens; so that everybody may
go to mass。〃 On the strength of this; the insurgents enter houses;
put the inhabitants to ransom; not only priests and former nobles;
〃but also those who are suspected of being their partisans; those
who do not attend the mass of the constitutional priest;〃 and even
poor people; artisans and tillers of the ground; whom they tax five;
ten; twenty; and forty francs; and whose cellars and bread…bins they
empty。 Eighteen chateaux are pillaged; burnt; or demolished; and
among others; those of several gentlemen and ladies who have not
left the country。 One of these; M。 d'Humières; is an old officer of
eighty years; Madame de Peyronenc saves her son only by disguising
him as a peasant; Madame de Beauclerc; who flies across the
mountain; sees her sick child die in her arms。 At Aurillac; gibbets
are set up before the principal houses; M。 de Niossel; a former
lieutenant of a criminal court; put in prison for his safety; is
dragged out; and his severed head is thrown on a dunghill; M。
Collinet; just arrived from Malta; and suspected of being an
aristocrat; is ripped open; cut to pieces; and his head is carried
about on the end of a pike。 Finally; when the municipal officers;
judges; and royal commissioner commence proceedings against the
assassins; they find themselves in such great danger that they are
obliged to resign or to run away。 In like manner; in Haute…
Garonne;'67' it is also 〃against non…jurors and their followers〃
that the insurrection has begun。 This is promoted by the fact that
in various parishes the constitutional curé belongs to the club; and
demands the riddance of his adversaries。 One of them at Saint…Jean…
Lorne; 〃mounted on a cart; preaches pillage to a mob of eight
hundred persons。〃 Each band; consequently; begins by expelling
refractory priests; and by forcing their supporters to attend the
mass of the sworn priest。 … ?But such success; wholly abstract and
barren; is of little advantage; and peasants in a state of revolt
are not satisfied so easily。 When parishes march forth by the dozen
and devote their day to the service of the public; they must have
some compensation in wood; wheat; wine; or money;'68' and the
expense of the expedition may be defrayed by the aristocrats。 Not
merely the upholders of non…jurors are aristocrats; as; for example;
an old lady here and there; 〃very fanatical; and who for forty years
has devoted all her income to acts of philanthropy;〃 〃but well…to…do
persons; peasants or gentlemen;〃 for; 〃by keeping their wine and
grain unsold in their cellars and barns; and by not undertaking more
work than they need; so as to deprive workmen in the country of
their means of subsistence;〃 they design 〃to starve out〃 the poor
folk。 Thus; the greater the pillage; the greater the service to the
public。 According to the insurgents; it is important 〃to diminish
revenues enjoyed by the enemies of the nation; in order that they
may not send their revenues to Coblentz and other places out of the
kingdom。〃 Consequently; bands of six or eight hundred or a thousand
men overrun the districts of Toulouse and Castelsarrasin。 All
proprietors; aristocrats; and patriots are put under contribution。
Here; in the house of 〃the philanthropic but fanatical old maid;
they break open everything; destroy the furniture; taking away
eighty…two bushels of wheat and sixteen hogsheads of wine。〃
Elsewhere; at Roqueferrière; feudal title…deeds are burnt; and a
chateau is pillaged。 Farther on; at Lasserre; thirty thousand
francs are exacted and the ready money is all carried off。 Almost
everywhere the municipal officers; willingly or unwillingly;
authorize pillaging。 Moreover; 〃they cut down provisions to a price
in assignats very much less than their current rate in silver;〃 and
they double the price of a day's work。 In the meantime; other bands
devastate the national forests; and the gendarmes; in order not to
be called aristocrats; have no idea but of paying court to the
pillagers。
After all this; it is manifest that property no longer exists for
anybody except for paupers and robbers。 … In effect; in
Dordogne;'69' under the pretext of driving away nonjuring priests;
frequently mobs gather to pillage and rob whatever comes in their
way。 。 。 。 All the grain that is found in houses with
weathercocks is sequestrated。〃 The rustics exploit; as communal
property; all the forests; all the possessions of the emigrants; and
this operation is radical; for example; a band; on finding a new
barn of which the materials strike them as good; demolish it so as
to share with each other the tiles and timber。 … In Corrèze;
fifteen thousand armed peasants; who have come to Tulle to disarm
and drive off the supporters of the non…jurors; break everything in
suspected houses; and a good deal of difficulty is found in sending
them off empty…handed。 As soon as they get back home; they sack the
chateaux of Saint…Gal; Seilhac; Gourdon; Saint…Basile; and La
Rochette; besides a number of country…houses; even of absent
plebeians。 They have found a quarry; and never was the removal of
property more complete。 They carefully carry off; says an official
statement; all that can be carried … furniture; curtains; mirrors;
clothes…presses; pictures; wines; provisions; even floors and wooden
panels; 〃down to the smallest fragments of iron and wood…work;〃
smashing the rest; so that nothing 〃remains of the house but its
four walls; the roof and the staircase。〃 In Lot; where for two years
the insurrection is permanent; the damage is much greater。 During
the night between the 30th and 31st of January; 〃all the best houses
in Souillac〃 are broken open; 〃sacked and pillaged from top to
bottom;〃'70' their owners being obliged to fly; and so many
outbreaks occur in the department; that the directory has no time to
render an account of them to the minister。 Entire districts are in
revolt; as; 〃in each commune all the inhabitants are accomplices;
witnesses cannot be had to support a criminal prosecution; and crime
remains unpunished。〃 In the canton of Cabrerets; the restit