miscreants　add　terror　to　compulsion。　　They　erect　gibbets　for　any　one
  that　pays　casual　duties　or　annual　dues；　while　the　parishes　of　Quercy
  threaten　their　neighbors　of　Perigord　with　fire　and　sword　in　a　week's
  time　if　they　do　not　do　in　Perigord　as　they　have　done　in　Quercy。　　…
  The　tocsin　rings；　the　drums　beat；　and　〃the　ceremony　〃　is　performed
  from　commune　to　commune。　　The　keys　of　the　church　are　forcibly　taken
  from　the　curé　the　seats　are　burned；　and；　frequently；　the　woodwork
  marked　with　the　seigneur's　arms。　　They　march　to　the　seigneur's
  mansion；　tear　down　his　weathercocks；　and　compel　him　to　furnish　his
  finest　tree；　together　with　feathers　and　ribbons　with　which　to　deck
  it；　without　omitting　the　three　measures　which　he　uses　in　the
  collection　of　his　dues　in　grain　or　flour。　　The　maypole　is　planted　in
  the　village　square；　and　the　weathercocks；　ribbons；　and　feathers　are
  attached　to　its　top；　together　with　the　three　measures　and　this
  inscription；　〃By　order　of　the　King　and　National　Assembly；　the　final
  quittance　for　all　rentals。〃　When　this　is　done　it　is　evident　that　the
  seigneur；　who　no　longer　possesses　weathercocks；　or　a　seat　in　the
  church；　or　measures　to　rate　his　dues　by；　is　no　longer　a　seigneur；
  and　can　no　longer　put　forth　claims　of　any　kind。　　Huzzahs　and
  acclamations　accordingly　burst　forth；　and　there　is　a　revel　and　an
  orgy　on　the　public　square。　　All　who　can　pay　　…　　the　seigneur；　the
  curé；　and　the　rich　　…　　are　put　under　contribution　for　the　festival；
  while　the　people　eat　and　drink　〃without　any　interval　of　sobriety。〃
  …　　In　this　condition；　being　armed；　they　strike；　and　when　resistance
  is　offered；　they　burn。　　In　Agénois；　a　chateau　belonging　to　M。　de
  Lameth；　and　another　of　M。　d'Aiguillon；　in　Upper　Languedoc；　that　of
  M。　de　Bournazel；　and　in　Perigord　that　of　M。　de　Bar；　are　burnt　down：
  M。　de　Bar　is　almost　beaten　to　death；　while　six　others　are　killed　in
  Quercy。　　A　number　of　chateaux　in　the　environs　of　Montauban　and　in
  Limousin　are　assaulted　with　firearms；　and　several　are　pillaged。　　…
  Bands　of　twelve　hundred　men　swarm　the　country；　〃they　have　a　spite
  against　every　estate；〃　they　redress　wrongs；　〃they　try　over　again
  cases　disposed　of　thirty　years　ago；　and　give　judgments　which　they
  put　into　execution。〃　　…　　If　anybody　fails　to　conform　to　the　new　code
  he　is　punished；　and　to　the　advantage　of　the　new　sovereigns。　　In
  Agénois；　a　gentleman　having　paid　the　rent　which　was　associated　with
  his　fief　the　people　take　his　receipt　from　him；　mulct　him　in　a　sum
  equal　to　that　which　he　paid；　and　come　under　his　windows　to　spend　the
  money　on　good　cheer；　in　triumph　and　with　derision。
  Many　of　the　National　Guards　who　still　possess　some　degree　of　energy；
  several　of　the　municipalities　which　still　preserve　some　love　of
  order；　and　a　number　of　the　resident　gentry；　employ　their　arms
  against　these　excited　swarms　of　brutal　usurpers。　　Some　of　the
  ruffians；　taken　in　the　act；　are　judged　somewhat　after　the　fashion　of
  a　drum…head　court…martial；　and　immediately　executed　as　examples。
  Everybody　in　the　country　sees　that　the　peril　to　society　is　great　and
  urgent；　and　that　if　such　acts　go　unpunished；　there　will　be　no　such
  thing　as　law　and　property　in　France。　　The　Bordeaux　parliament；
  moreover；　insists　upon　prosecutions。　　Eighty…three　boroughs　and
  cities　sign　addresses；　and　send　a　special　deputation　to　the　National
  Assembly　to　urge　on　prosecutions　already　commenced；　the　punishment
  of　criminals　under　arrest；　and；　above　all；　the　maintenance　of　the
  prév？tés。＇65＇　In　reply　to　this；　the　Assembly　inflicts　upon　the
  parliament　of　Bordeaux　its　disapprobation　in　the　rudest　manner；　and
  enters　upon　the　demolition　of　every　judicial　corporation。＇66＇　　After
  this；　the　execution　of　all　prévotal　decisions　is　adjourned。　　A　few
  months　later　the　Assembly　will　oblige　the　King　to　declare　that　the
  proceedings　begun　against　the　jacquerie　of　Brittany　shall　be
  regarded　as　null　and　void；　and　that　the　arrested　insurgents　shall　be
  set　free。　　For　repressive　purposes；　it　dispatches　a　sentimental
  exhortation　to　the　French　people；　consisting　of　twelve　pages　of
  literary　insipidity；　which　Florian　might　have　composed　for　his
  Estilles　and　his　Nemorins。＇67＇　　…　　New　conflagrations；　as　an
  inevitable　consequence；　kindle　around　live　coals　which　have　been
  imperfectly　extinguished。　　In　the　district　of　Saintes；＇68＇　M。
  Dupaty；　counselor　of　the　parliament　of　Bordeaux；　after　having
  exhausted　mild　resources；　and　having　concluded　by　issuing　writs
  against　those　of　his　tenantry　who　would　not　pay　their　rents；　the
  parish　of　Saint…Thomas　de　Cosnac；　combined　with　five　or　six　others；
  puts　itself　in　motion　and　assails　his　two　chateaux　of　Bois…Roche　and
  Saint…George…des…Agouts；　these　are　plundered　and　then　set　on　fire；
  his　son　escaping　through　a　volley　of　musket…balls。　　They　visit
  Martin；　the　notary　and　steward；　in　the　same　fashion；　his　furniture
  is　pillaged　and　his　money　is　taken；　and　〃his　daughter　undergoes　the
  most　frightful　outrages。〃　Another　detachment　pushes　on　to　the　house
  of…the　Marquis　de　Cumont；　and　forces　him；　under　the　penalty　of
  having　his　house　burnt　down；　to　give　a　discharge　for　all　the　claims
  he　has　upon　them。　　At　the　head　of　these　incendiaries　are　the
  municipal　officers　of　Saint…Thomas；　except　the　mayor；　who　has　taken
  to　flight。
  The　electoral　system　organized　by　the　Constituent　Assembly　is
  beginning　to　take　effect。　　〃Almost　everywhere；〃　writes　the　royal
  commissioner；　〃the　large　proprietors　have　been　eliminated；　and　the
  offices　have　been　filled　by　men　who　strictly　fulfill　the　conditions
  of　eligibility。　　The　result　is　a　sort　of　rage　of　the　petty　rich　to
  annoy　those　who　enjoy　large　heritages。〃　　…　　Six　months　later；　the
  National　Guards　and　village　authorities　in　this　same　department　at
  Aujean；　Migron；　and　Varaise；　decide　that　no　more　tithes；　agriers　or
  champarts；　nor　any　of　the　dues　which　are　retained；　shall　be　paid。
  In　vain　does　the　department　annul　the　decision；　and　send　its
  commissioners；　gendarmes；　and　law…officers。　　The　commissioners　are
  driven　away；　and　the　officers　and　gendarmes　are　fired　upon；　the
  vice…president　of　the　district；　who　was　on　his　way　to　make　his
  report　to　the　department；　is　seized　on　the　road　and　forced　to　give
  in　his　resignation。　　Seven　parishes　have　coalesced　with　Aujean　and
  ten　with　Migron；　Varaise　has　sounded　the　tocsin；　and　the　villages
  for　four　leagues　round　have　risen；　fifteen　hundred　men；　armed　with
  guns；　scythes；　hatchets　and　pitchforks；　lend　their　aid。　　The　object
  is　to　set　free　the　principal　leader　at　Varaise；　one　Planche；　who　was
  arrested；　and　to　punish　the　mayor　of　Varaise；　Latierce；　who　is
  suspected　of　having　denounced　Planche。　　Latierce　is　unmercifully
  beaten；　and　〃forced　to　undergo　a　thousand　torments　during　thirty
  hours；〃　then　they　set　out　with　him　to　Saint…Jean…d'Angely；　and
  demand　the　release　of　Planche。　　The　municipality　at　first　refuses；
  but　finally　consents　on　the　condition　that　Latierce　be　given　up　in
  exchange　for　him。　　Planche；　consequently；　is　set　at　liberty　and
  welcomed　with　shouts　of　triumph。　　Latierce；　however；　is　not　given
  up；　on　the　contrary；　he　is　tormented　for　an　hour　and　then　massacred；
  while　the　directory　of　the　district；　which　is　less　submissive　than
  the　municipal　body；　is　forced　to　fly。　　…　　Symptoms　of　this　kind　are
  not　to　be　mistaken；　and　similar　ones　exist　in　Brittany。　　It　is
  evident　that　the　minds　of　the　people　are　permanently　in　revolt。
  Instead　of　the　social　abscess　being　relieved　by　the　discharge；　it　is
  always　filling　up　and　getting　more　inflamed。　　It　will　burst　a　second
  time　in　the　same　places；　in　1791　as　in　1790；　the　jacquerie　spreads
  throughout　Brittany　as　it　has　spread　over　Limousin。
  This　is　because　the　determination　of　the　peasant　is　of　another
  nature　than　ours；　his　will　being　more　firm　and　tenacious。　　When　an
  idea　obtains　a　hold　on　him　it　takes　root　in　an　obscure　and　profound
  conviction　upon　which　neither　discussion　nor　argument　have　any
  effect；　once　planted；　it　vegetates　according　to　his　notions；　not
  according　to　ours；　and　no　legislative　text；　no　judicial　verdict；　no
  administrative　remonstrance　can　change　in　any　respect　the　fruit　it
  produces。　　This　fruit；　developed　during　centuries；　is　the　feeling　of
  an　excessive　plunder；　and；　consequently；　the　need　of　an　absolute
  release。　　Too　much　having　been　paid　to　everybody；　the　peasant　now　is
  not　disposed　to　pay　anything　to　anybody；　and　this　idea；　vainly
  repressed；　always　rises　up　in　the　manner　of　an　instinct。　　…　　In　the
  month　of　January；　1791；＇69＇　bands　again　form　in　Brittany；　owing　to
  the　proprietors　of　the　ancient　fiefs　having　insisted　on　the　payment
  of　their　rents。　　At　first　the　coalesced　parishes　refuse　to　pay　the
  stewards；　and　after　this　the　rustic　National　Guards　enter　the
  chateaux　to　constrain　the　proprietors。　　Generally；　it　is　the
  commander　of　the　National　Guard；　and　sometimes　the　communal
  attorney；　who　dictates　to　the　lord　of　the　manor　the　renunciation　of
  his　claims；　they　oblige　him；　moreover；　to　sign　notes　for　the　b