第 74 节
作者:开了      更新:2021-02-18 23:01      字数:9308
  to outrank the other; and; on this occasion; a scene happened to
  come under my eyes at Landivisiau which might have had a bloody
  termination; but which turned out to be simply ridiculous。  A lively
  dispute arose between three speakers to determine which should make
  the first address。  They appealed to me to decide。  Not to offend
  either of the parties; I decided that all three should speak at the
  same time; which decision was immediately carried out。
  '17' Decree of August 10…14; 1789。
  '18' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  Correspondence of M。  de
  Thiard; September 21; 1789。  〃The troops now obey the municipalities
  only。〃  Also July 30th; August 11; 1790。
  '19' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  Correspondence of 31。  M。  de
  Thiard; September 11 and 25; November 20; December 25 and 30; 1789。
  '20' Buchez and Roux; V。304 (April; 1790)。 …  〃Archives Nationales;〃
  Papers of the committee of Investigation; DXXIX。  I (note of M。
  Latour…du…Pin; October 28; 1789)  … ? Buchez and Roux; IV。  3
  (December 1; 1789); IV。  390 (February; 1790); VI。  179 (April and
  May; 1790)。
  '21' Mercure de France; Report of M。  Emery; sitting of July 21;
  1790; Number for July 32。   〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3200。
  Letter of the directory of Calvados; September 26 and October 20;
  1791。
  '22' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3207。  Letter of the minister
  Dumouriez; June 15; 1792。  Report of M。  Caillard; May 29; 1792。
  '23' Mercure de France; No。  for July; 1791 (sitting of the 6th);
  Nos。  for November 5 and 26; 1791。
  '24' Albert Babeau; 〃Histoire de Troyes;〃 vol。  I。  passim。   〃
  Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3257。  Address of the Directory of Sa?ne…
  et…Loire to the National Assembly; November 1; 1790。   F7; 3200。
  Letter of the Directory of Calvados; November 9; 1791。   F 7;
  3195。  Minutes of the meeting of the municipality of Aix; March 1;
  1792 (on the events of February 26th); letter of M。  Villard;
  President of the Directory; March 20; 1792。   F7; 3220。  Extracts
  from the deliberations of the Directory of Gers; and a letter to the
  King; January 28; 1792。  Letter of M。  Lafitau; President of the
  Directory; January 30。  (He was dragged along by his hair and
  obliged to leave the town。)
  '25' Mercure de France; No。  for October 30; 1790。
  '26' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3226。  Letter of the directory of
  Indre to M。  Cahier; minister; December 6; 1791。   Letter of M。
  Delessart; minister; to the directory of Indre; December 31; 1791。
  '27' Fabre; 〃Histoire de Marseille;〃 II。  442。  Martin had but 3;555
  votes; when shortly after the National Guard numbered 24;000 men。
  '28' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Letter of the minister; M。
  de Saint…Priest; to the President of the National Assembly; May 11;
  1790。
  '29' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7 3196。  Letters of the military
  commandant; M。  de Miran; March 6; 14; 30; 1790。
  '30' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Letter of M。  de Bournissac;
  grand…privot; March 6;1790。
  '31' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Letters of M。  du Miran;
  April 11th and 16th; and May 1; 1790。
  '32' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Procés…verbal of events on
  the 30th of April。
  '33' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Letters of the Municipality
  of Marseilles to the National Assembly; May 5 and 20; 1790。
  '34' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196。  Order of the king; May10。
  Letter of M。  de Saint…Priest to the National Assembly; May 11。
  Decree of the National Assembly; May 12。  Letter of the Municipality
  to the King。  May 20。  Letter of M。  de Rubum; May 20。  Note sent
  from Marseilles; May 31。  Address of the Municipality to the
  President of the Friends of the Constitution; at Paris; May 5。  In
  his narration of the taking of the forts we read the following
  sentence: 〃We arrived without hindrance in the presence of the
  commandant; whom we brought to an agreement by means of the
  influence which force; fear and reason give to persuasion。〃
  '35' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3196; Letter of M。  de Miran; May 5。
  The spirit of the ruling party at Marseilles is indicated by
  several printed documents joined to the dossier; and; among others;
  by a 〃Requéte à Desmoulins; procureur…général de la Lanterne。〃 It
  relates to a 〃patriotic inkstand;〃 recently made out of the stones
  of the demolished citadel; representing a hydra with four heads;
  symbolizing the nobility; the clergy; the ministry and the judges。
  〃It is from the four patriotic skulls of the hydra that the ink of
  proscription will he taken for the enemies of the Constitution。
  This inkstand; cut out of the first stone that fell in the
  demolition of Fort Saint…Nicolas; is dedicated to the patriotic
  Assembly of Marseilles。  The magic art of the hero of the liberty of
  Marseilles; that Renaud who; under the mask of devotion; surprised
  the watchful sentinel of Notre…Dame de la Garde; and whose manly
  courage and cunning ensured the conquest of that key of the great
  focus of counter…revolution; has just given birth to a new trait of
  genius a new Deucalion; he personifies this stone which Liberty has
  flung from the summit of our menacing Bastilles; etc。〃
  '36' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7。  3198。  Letters of the royal
  commissioners; April 13 and 5; 1791。
  '37' De Ségur; 〃Memoires;〃 III; 482 (early in 1790)。
  '38' De Dampmartin; I。  184 (January; 1791)。
  '39' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 KK; 1105。  Correspondence of M。  de
  Thiard (October 12; 1789)。
  '40' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3250。  Minutes from the meeting of
  the directory of the department。  March 28; 1792。  〃As the ferment
  was at the highest point and fears were entertained that greater
  evils would follow; M。  le Président; with painful emotion declared
  that he yielded and passed the unconstitutional act。〃 Reply of the
  minister; June 23: 〃 If the constituted authorities are thus forced
  to yield to the arbitrary will of a wild multitude; government no
  longer exists and we are in the saddest stage of anarchy。  If you
  think it best I will propose to the King to reverse your last
  decision。〃
  '41' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3250。  Letter of M。  Duport;
  minister of justice; December 24; 1791。
  '42' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3248; Report of the members of the
  department; finished March 18; 1792。   Buchez and Roux; IX。  240
  (Report of M。  Alquier)。
  '43' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3268。  Extract from the
  deliberations of the directory of Seine…et…Oise; with the documents
  relating to the insurrection at Etampes; September 16; 1791。  Letter
  of M。  Venard; administrator of the district; September 20  〃 I
  shall not set foot in Etampes until the re…establishment of order
  and tranquility; and the first thing I shall do will be to record
  my resignation in the register。  I am tired of making sacrifices;
  for ungrateful wretches。〃
  '44' Moniteur; March 16; 1792。   Mortimer…Ternaux; 〃Histoire de la
  Terreur〃 (Proceedings against the assassins of Simoneau); I。  381。
  '45' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3226。  Letter and memorandum of
  Chenantin; cultivator; November 7; 1792。  Extract from the
  deliberations of the directory of Langeais; November 5; 1792
  (sedition at Chapelle…Blanche; near Langeais; October 5; 1792)。
  '46' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3105。  Report of the commissioners
  sent by the National Assembly and the King; February 23; 1791。  (On
  the events of December 12 and 14; 1790)  Mercure de France;
  February 29; 5791。  (Letters from Aix; and notably a letter from
  seven officers shut up in prison at Aix; January 30; 1791。) The
  oldest Jacobin Club formed in February; 1790; was entitled 〃(Club
  des vrais amis de la Constitution。〃 The second Jacobin club; formed
  in October; 1790; was 〃composed from the beginning of artisans and
  laborers from the faubourgs and suburbs。〃 Its title was〃 Société des
  frères anti…politiques;〃 or 〃frères vrais; justes et utiles à la
  patrie。〃 The opposition club; formed in December; 1790; bore the
  title; according to some; of 〃Les Amis du Roi; de la paix et de la
  religion;〃 according to others; 〃Les amis de la paix;〃 and finally;
  according to another report; 〃Les Défenseurs de la religion; des
  personnes et des proprietés。〃
  '47' A special series of religious services。  (TR)
  '48' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3195。  Letters of the commissioners;
  March 20; February 11; May 10; 1791。
  CHAPTER II。  SOVEREIGNTY OF UNRESTRAINED PASSIONS。
  Under these conditions when passions are freed; any determined and
  competent man who can gather a couple of hundred men may form a band
  and slip through the enlarged or weakened meshes of the net held by
  the passive or ineffective government。  An experiment on a grand
  scale is about to be made on human society; owing to the slackening
  of the regular restraints which have maintained it; it is now
  possible to measure the force of the permanent instincts which
  attack it。  They are always there eve