第 40 节
作者:开了      更新:2021-02-18 23:01      字数:9298
  surprises and arrests;'50' it exaggerates; blackens; and comes in
  public session to denounce the whole affair to the National
  Assembly。   First comes the plot of the Breton nobles to deliver
  Brest to the English;'51' then the plot for hiring brigands to
  destroy the crops; then the plot of 14th of July to burn Paris; then
  the plot of Favras to murder Lafayette; Necker; and Bailly; then the
  plot of Augeard to carry off the King; and many others; week after
  week; not counting those which swarm in the brains of the
  journalists; and which Desmoulins; Fréron; and Marat reveal with a
  flourish of trumpets in each of their publications。
  〃All these alarms are cried daily in the streets like cabbages and
  turnips; the good people of Paris inhaling them along with the
  pestilential vapors of our mud。〃'52'
  。。。。。。。。。。。。。。Now; in this aspect; as well as in a good many others; the
  Assembly is the people; satisfied that it is in danger;'53' it makes
  laws as the former make their insurrections; and protects itself by
  strokes of legislation as the former protects itself by blows with
  pikes。   Failing to take hold of the motor spring by which it might
  direct the government machine; it distrusts all the old and all the
  new wheels。   The old ones seem to it an obstacle; and; instead of
  utilizing them; it breaks them one by one  parliaments; provincial
  states; religious orders; the church; the nobles; and royalty。   The
  new ones are suspicious; and instead of harmonizing them; it puts
  them out of gear in advance   the executive power; administrative
  powers; judicial powers; the police; the gendarmerie; and the
  army。'54'  Thanks to these precautions it is impossible for any of
  them to be turned against itself; but; also; thanks to these
  precautions; none of them can perform their functions。'55'
  In building; as well as in destroying; the Assembly had two bad
  counselors; on the one hand fear; on the other hand theory; and on
  the ruins of the old machine which it had demolished without
  discernment; the new machine; which it has constructed without
  forecast; will work only to its own ruin。
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  Notes:
  '1' Arthur Young; June 15; 1789。  …  Bailly; passim;  Moniteur;
  IV。   522 (June 2; 1790)。  …  Mercure de France (Feb。   11 1792)。
  '2' Moniteur; v。   631 (Sep。   12; 1790); and September 8th (what is
  said by the Abbé Maury)。  …  Marmontel; book XIII。   237。  …
  Malouet; I。   261。  …  Bailly; I。   227。
  '3' Sir Samuel Romilly; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。   102; 354。  …  Dumont; 158。
  (The official rules bear are dated July 29; 1789。)
  '4' Cf。   Ferrières; I。   3。   His repentance is affecting。
  '5' Letter from Morris to Washington; January 24; 1790 See page 382;
  〃A diary of the French revolution〃; Greenwood Press; Westport; Conn。
  1972。 … Dumont 125 … Garat; letter to Condorcet。
  '6' Arthur Young; I。   46。  〃Tame and elegant; uninteresting and
  polite; the mingled mass of communicated ideas has power neither to
  offend nor instruct。 。 。 。 。 All vigor of thought seems excluded
  from expression。 。 。 。 。  Where there is much polish of character
  there is little argument。〃   Cabinet des Estampes。   See
  engravings of the day by Moreau; Prieur; Monet; representing the
  opening of the States…General。   All the figures have a graceful;
  elegant; and genteel air。
  '7' Marmontel; book XIII。 237。 …  Malouet; I。 261。 … Ferrières; I。
  19。
  '8' Gouverneur Morris; January 24; 1790。  …  Likewise (De Ferrières;
  I。71) the decree on the abolition of nobility was not the order of
  the day; and was carried by surprise。
  '9' Ferrières; I。   189。  …  Dumont; 146。
  '10' Letter of Mirabeau to Sieyès; June 11; 1790。 〃Our nation of
  monkeys with the throats of parrots。〃  Dumont; 146。 〃Sieyès and
  Mirabeau always entertained a contemptible opinion of the
  Constituent Assembly。〃
  '11' Moniteur; I; 256; 431 (July 16 and 31; 1789)。  …  Journal des
  Débats et Décrets; 105; July 16th 〃A member demands that M。 de Lally
  should put his speech in writing。 〃The whole Assembly has repeated
  this request。〃
  '12' Moniteur。 (March 11; 1790)。 〃A nun of St。 Mandé; brought to the
  bar of the house; thanks the Assembly for the decree by which the
  cloisters are opened; and denounces the tricks; intrigues; and even
  violence exercised in the convents to prevent the execution of the
  decree。〃   Ibid。 March 29; 1790。 See the various addresses which
  are read。 〃 At Lagnon; the mother of a family assembled her ten
  children; and swore with them and for them to be loyal to the nation
  and to the King。〃  Ibid。 June 5; 1790。 〃M。 Chambroud reads the
  letter of the collector of customs of Lannion; in Brittany; to a
  priest; a member of the National Assembly。   He implores his
  influence to secure the acceptance of his civic oath and that of all
  his family; ready to wield either the censer; the cart; the scales;
  the sword; or the pen。 On reading a number of these addresses the
  Assembly appears to be a supplement of the Petites Affiches (a small
  advertising journal in Paris)。
  '13' Moniteur; October 23; 1789。
  '14' A well…known writer of children's stories。…'Tr。'
  '15' Ferrières; II。   65 (June 10;1790)。  …  De Montlosier; I。
  402。   〃One of these puppets came the following day to get his money
  of the Comte de Billancourt; mistaking him for the Duc de Liancourt。
  'Monsieur;' says he; 'I am the man who played the Chaldean
  yesterday。'
  '16' Buchez and Roux; X。 118 (June 16; 1791)。
  '17' See the printed list of deputies; with the indication of their
  baillage or sénéchaussée; quality; condition; and profession。
  '18' De Bouillé; 75。 …  When the King first saw the list of the
  deputies; he exclaimed;〃 What would the nation have said if I had
  made up my council or the Notables in this way?〃 (Buchez and Roux;
  IV。 39。)
  '19' Gouverneur Morris; July 31; 1789。
  '20' Gouverneur Morris; February 25; 1789。  …  Lafayette;
  〃Mémoires;〃 V。   492。   Letter of Jefferson; February 14; 1815。  …
  Arthur Young; June 27 and 29; 1789。
  '21' Morris; July 1; 1789。
  '22' Morris; July 4; 1789。
  '23' Mallet du Pan; Mercure; September 26; 1789。
  '24' Gouverneur Morris; January 24; 1790; November 22; 1790。
  '25' Dumont; 33; 58; 62。
  '26' Sir Samuel。   Romilly; 〃Mémoirs;〃 I。   102。   〃It was their
  constant course first; decree the principle and leave the drawing up
  of what they had so resolved (or; as they called it; la rédaction)
  for later。   It is astonishing how great an influence it had on
  their debates and measures。  …  Ibid。   I。   354。   Letter by
  Dumont; June 2; 1789。   〃They prefer their own folly to all the
  results of British experience。   They revolt at the idea of
  borrowing anything from our government; which is scoffed at here as
  one of the iniquities of human reason; although they admit that you
  have two or three good laws; but that you should presume to have a
  constitution is not to be sustained。〃
  '27' Dumont; 138; 151。
  '28' Morris; January 24; 1790。
  '29' Marmontel; XII。   265。  …  Ferrières; 。   I。   48? II。   50;
  58; 126。  …  Dumont; 74。
  '30' Gouverneur Morris; January 24; 1790。  …  According to Ferrières
  this party comprised about three hundred members。
  '31' Here Ambassador Morris describes the kind of man who should
  form the backbone of all later revolutions whether communist or
  fascist ones。   (SR。)
  '32' Dumont; 33; 58; 62。
  '33' De Lavergne; 〃Les Assemblées Provinciales;〃 384。
  Deliberations of the States of Dauphiny; drawn up by Mournier and
  signed by two hundred gentlemen (July; 1788)。   〃The rights of man
  are derived from nature alone; and are independent of human
  conventions。
  '34' Report by Merlin de Douai; February 8; 1790; p。2。    Malouet;
  II; 51。
  '35' Dumont; 133。  …  De Montlosier; I; 355; 361。
  '36' Bertrand de Molleville; II。   221 (according to a police
  report)。  …  Schmidt; 〃Tableaux de la Révolution;〃 I。   215。
  (Report of the agent Dutard; May 13; 1793)  Lacretelle; 〃Dix Ans
  d'Epreuves;〃 p。35。   〃It was about midnight when we went out in the
  rain; sleet; and snow; in the piercing cold; to the church of the
  Feuillants; to secure places for the galleries of the Assembly;
  which we were not to occupy till noon on the following day。   We
  were obliged; moreover; to contend for them with a crowd animated by
  passions; and even by interests; very different from our own。   We
  were not long in perceiving that a considerable part of the
  galleries was under pay; and that the scenes of cruelty which gave
  pain to us were joy to them。   I cannot express the horror I felt on
  hearing those women; since called tricoteuses; take a delight in the
  already homicidal doctrines of Robespierre; enjoying his sharp voice
  and feasting their eyes on his ugly face; the living type of envy。〃
  (The first months of 1790。)
  '37' Monite