lapse　to　the　first　comer。　　A　small　farmer　of　the　neighborhood　has
  carried　away　wine　and　returns　the　following　day　in　search　of　hay。
  All　the　furniture　of　a　chateau　in　Dauphin　is　removed；　even　to　the
  hinges　of　the　doors；　by　a　large　reinforcement　of　carts。　　　〃　It　is
  the　war　of　the　poor　against　the　rich；〃　says　a　deputy；　〃and；　on　the
  3rd　of　August；　the　Committee　on　Reports　declares　to　the　National
  Assembly　〃that　no　kind　of　property　has　been　spared。〃　In　Franche…
  Comté；　〃nearly　forty　chateaux　and　seignorial　mansions　have　been
  pillaged　or　burnt。〃＇44＇　　From　Lancers　to　Gray　about　three　out　of
  five　chateaux　are　sacked。　　In　Dauphin　twenty…seven　are　burned　or
  destroyed；　five　in　the　small　district　of　Viennese；　and；　besides
  these；　all　the　monasteries　　nine　at　least　in　Auvergne；　seventy…
  two；　it　is　said；　in　Maconnais　and　Beaujolais；　without　counting　those
  of　Alsace。　　On　the　31st　of　July；　Lally…Tollendal；　on　entering　the
  tribune；　has　his　hands　full　of　letters　of　distress；　with　a　list　of
  thirty…six　chateaux　burnt；　demolished；　or　pillaged；　in　one　province；
  and　the　details　of　still　worse　violence　against　persons：＇45＇
  〃in　Languedoc；　M。　de　Barras；　cut　to　pieces　in　the　presence　of　his
  wife　who　is　about　to　be　confined；　and　who　is　dead　in　consequence；　in
  Normandy；　a　paralytic　gentleman　left　on　a　burning　pile　and　taken　off
  from　it　with　his　hands　burnt；　in　Franche…Comté；　Madame　de　Bathilly
  compelled；　with　an　ax　over　her　head；　to　give　up　her　title…deeds　and
  even　her　estate；　Madame　de　Listenay　forced　to　do　the　same；　with　a
  pitchfork　at　her　neck　and　her　two　daughters　in　a　swoon　at　her　feet；
  Comte　de　Montjustin；　with　his　wife；　having　a　pistol　at　his　throat
  for　three　hours；　and　both　dragged　from　their　carriage　to　be　thrown
  into　a　pond；　where　they　are　saved　by　a　passing　regiment　of　soldiers；
  Baron　de　Montjustin；　one　of　the　twenty…two　popular　noblemen；
  suspended　for　an　hour　in　a　well；　listening　to　a　discussion　whether
  he　shall　be　dropped　down　or　whether　he　should　die　in　some　other　way；
  the　Chevalier　d'Ambly；　torn　from　his　chateau　and　dragged　naked　into
  the　village；　placed　on　a　dung…heap　after　having　his　eyebrows　and　all
  his　hair　pulled　out；　while　the　crowd　kept　on　dancing　around　him。〃
  In　the　midst　of　a　disintegrated　society；　under　the　semblance　only　of
  a　government；　it　is　manifest　that　an　invasion　is　under　way；　an
  invasion　of　barbarians　which　will　complete　by　terror　that　which　it
  has　begun　by　violence；　and　which；　like　the　invasions　of　the　Normans
  in　the　tenth　and　eleventh　centuries；　ends　in　the　conquest　and
  dispossession　of　an　entire　class。　　In　vain　the　National　Guard　and
  the　other　troops　that　remain　loyal　succeed　in　stemming　the　first
  torrent；　in　vain　does　the　Assembly　hollow　out　a　bed　for　it　and
  strive　to　bank　it　in　by　fixed　boundaries。　　The　decrees　of　the　4th　of
  August　and　the　regulations　which　follow　are　but　so　many　spiders'
  webs　stretched　across　a　torrent。　　The　peasants；　moreover；　putting
  their　own　interpretation　on　the　decrees；　convert　the　new　laws　into
  authority　for　continuing　in　their　course　or　beginning　over　again。
  No　more　rents；　however　legitimate；　however　legal！
  〃Yesterday；〃＇46＇　writes　a　gentleman　of　Auvergne；　we　were　notified
  that　the　fruit…tithe　（percières）　would　no　longer　be　paid；　and　that
  the　example　of　other　provinces　was　only　being　followed　which　no
  longer；　even　by　royal　order；　pay　tithes。〃　In　Franche…Comté　〃numerous
  communities　are　satisfied　that　they　no　longer　owe　anything　either　to
  the　King　or　to　their　lords。　　。　　。　　。　　The　villages　divide　amongst
  themselves　the　fields　and　woods　belonging　to　the　nobles。〃
  It　must　be　noted　that　charter…holding　and　feudal　titles　are　still
  intact　in　three…fourths　of　France；　that　it　is　the　interest　of　the
  peasant　to　ensure　their　disappearance；　and　that　he　is　always　armed。
  To　secure　a　new　outbreak　of　jacqueries；　it　is　only　necessary　that
  central　control；　already　thrown　into　disorder；　should　be　withdrawn。
  This　is　the　work　of　Versailles　and　of　Paris；　and　there；　at　Paris　as
  well　as　at　Versailles；　some；　through　lack　of　foresight　and
  infatuation；　and　others；　through　blindness　and　indecision　　　the
  latter　through　weakness　and　the　former　through　violence　　all　are
  laboring　to　accomplish　it。
  ____________________________________________________________________
  Notes：
  ＇1＇　Dusaulx；　374。　　〃　I　remarked　that　if　there　were　a　few　among　the
  people　at　that　time　who　dared　commit　crime；　there　were　several　who
  wished　it；　and　that　every　one　endured　it。〃　　　〃　Archives
  Nationales；〃　DXXIX；　3。　　（Letter　of　the　municipal　authorities　of
  Crémieu；　Dauphiny；　November　3；　1789。）　〃The　care　taken　to　lead　them
  first　to　the　cellars　and　to　intoxicate　them；　can　alone　give　a
  conception　of　the　incredible　excesses　of　rage　to　which　they　gave
  themselves　up　in　the　sacking　and　burning　of　the　chateaux。〃
  ＇2＇　Mercure　de　France；　January　4；　1792。　　（〃Revue　politique　de
  l'année　1791；〃　by　Mallet　du　Pan。）
  ＇3＇　Albert　Babeau；　I。　　206。　　（Letter　of　the　deputy　Camuzet　de
  Belombre；　August　22；　1789。）　The　executive　power　is　absolutely　gone
  to…day。〃　　　Gouverneur　Morris；　letter　of　July　31；　1789：　〃This
  country　is　now　as　near　in　a　state　of　anarchy　as　it　is　possible　for　a
  community　to　be　without　breaking　up。〃
  ＇4＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　1453。　　Letter　of　M。　Amelot；　July
  24th；　H。　　784；　of　M。　de　Langeron；　October　16th　and　18th　。　　　KK。
  1105。　　correspondence　of　M。　de　Thiard；　October　7th　and　30th；
  September　4th。　　　Floquet；　VII。　　527；　555。　　…　　Guadet；　〃Histoire
  des　Girondins〃　（July　29；　1789）。
  ＇5＇　M。　de　Rochambeau；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　　353　（July　18th）。　　…　　Sauzay；
  〃Histoire　de　la　Persécution　Révolutionnaire　dans　le　Département　de
  Doubs；〃　I。　　128　（July　19th。）　　　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3253。
  （Letter　of　the　deputies　of　the　provincial　commission　of　Alsace；
  September　8th。）　D。　　XXIX。　　I。　　note　of　M。　de　Latour…du…Pin；　October
  28；　1789。　　…　　Letter　of　M。　de　Langeron；　September　3rd；　of　Breitman；
  garde…marteau；　Val　Saint…Amarin　（Upper　Alsace）；　July　26th。
  ＇6＇　Léonce　de　Lavergne；　197。　　（Letter　of　the　intermediate　commission
  of　Poitou；　the　last　month　in　1789。）　　　Cf。　　Brissot　（Le　patriote
  fran？ais；　August；　1789）。　　〃General　insubordination　prevails　in　the
  provinces　because　the　restraints　of　executive　power　are　no　longer
  felt。　　What　were　but　lately　the　guarantees　of　that　power？　The
  intendants；　tribunals；　and　the　army。　　The　intendants　are　gone；　the
  tribunals　are　silent；　and　the　army　is　against　the　executive　power
  and　on　the　side　of　the　people。　　Liberty　is　not　a　nourishment　for
  unprepared　stomachs。〃
  ＇7＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　D。　　XXIX。　　I。　　（Letter　of　the　clergy；
  consuls；　présidial…councillors　and　principal　merchants　of　Puy…en…
  Velay；　September　16；　1789。）　　　H。　　1453。　　（letter　of　the　Intendant
  or　Alen？on；　July　18th）。　　〃I　must　not　leave　you　in　ignorance　of　the
  multiplied　outbreaks　we　have　in　all　parts　of　my　jurisdiction。　　The
  impunity　with　which　they　flatter　themselves；　because　the　judges　are
  afraid　of　irritating　the　people　by　examples　of　severity；　only
  emboldens　them。　　Mischief…makers；　confounded　with　honest　folks；
  spread　false　reports　about　particular　persons　whom　they　accuse　of
  concealing　grain；　or　of　not　belonging　to　the　Third…Estate；　and；
  under　this　pretext；　they　pillage　their　houses；　taking　whatever　they
  can　find；　the　owners　only　avoiding　death　by　flight。〃
  ＇8＇　A　body　of　magistrates　forming　one　of　the　lower　tribunals。…＇Tr。＇
  ＇9＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　942。　　（Observations　of　M。　de
  Ballainvilliers；　October　30；　1789。）
  ＇10＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　D；　XXIX。　　1。　　Letter　of　the　municipal
  assembly　of　Louviers；　the　end　of　August；　1789。　　…　　Letter　of　the
  communal　assembly　of　Saint…Bris　（bailiwick　of　Auxerre）；　September
  25th。　　…　　Letter　of　the　municipal　officers　of　Ricey…Haut；　near　Bar…
  sur…Seine；　August　25th；　of　the　Chevalier　d'Allouville；　September
  8th。
  ＇11＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　D；　XXIX。　　I。　　Letter　of　M。　Briand…
  Delessart　（Angoulême；　August　1st）。　　　Of　M。　Bret；　Lieutenant…
  General　of　the　provostship　of　Mardogne；　September　5th。　　　Of　the
  Chevalier　de　Castellas　（Auvergue）；　September　15th　（relating　to　the
  night　between　the　2nd　and　3rd　of　August）。　　…　　Madame　Campan；　II。
  65。
  ＇12＇　Arthur　Young；　〃Voyages　in　France；〃　July　24th　and　31st；　August
  13th　and　19th。
  ＇13＇　De　Bouillé；　108。　　…　　〃　Archives　Nationales；〃　KK。　　1105。
  Correspondence　of　M。　deThiard；　September　20；　1789　（apropos　of　one
  hundred　guns　given　to　the　town　of　Saint…Brieuc）。　　〃They　are　not　of
  the　slightest　use；　but　this　passion　for　arms　is　a　temporary　epidemic
  which　must　be　allowed　to　subside　of　itself。　　People　are　determined
  to　believe　in　brigands　and　in　enemies；　whereas　neither　exist。〃
  September　25th；　〃Vanity　alone　impels　them；　and　the　pride　of　having
  cannon　is　their　sole　motive。〃
  ＇14＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　1453。　　Letters　of　M。　Amelot；　July
  17th　and　24th。　　〃Several　wealthy　private　persons　of　the　town
  （Auxonne）　have　been　put　to　ransom　by　this　band；　of　which