＇16＇　Arthur　Young；　June　29th　（at　Nangis）。
  ＇17＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。1453。　　Letter　of　the　Duc　de　Mortemart；
  Seigneur　of　Bray；　May　4th；　of　M。　de　Ballainvilliers；　intendant　of
  Languedoc；　April　15th。
  ＇18＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。1453。　　Letter　of　the　intendant；　M。
  d'Agay；　April　30th；　of　the　municipal　officers　of　Nantes；　January
  9th；　of　the　intendant；　M。　Meulan　d'Ablois；　June　22nd；　of　M。　de
  Ballainvilliers；　April　15th。
  ＇19＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　1453。　　Letter　of　the　Count　de
  Langeron；　July　4th；　of　M。　de　Meulan　d'Ablois；　June　5th；　〃Minutes　of
  the　meeting　of　la　Maréchaussée　de　Bost；〃　April　29th。　　Letters　of　M。
  de　Chazerat；　May　29th；　of　M。　de　Bezenval；　June　2nd；　of　the
  intendant；　M。　Amelot；　April　25th。
  ＇20＇　'〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。1453。　　Letter　of　M。　de　Bezenval；　May
  27th；　of　M。　de　Ballainvilliers；　April　25th；　of　M。　de　Foullonde；
  April　19th。
  ＇21＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。1453。　　Letter　of　the　intendant；　M。
  d'Aine；　March　12th；　of　M。　d'Agay；　April　30th；　of　M。　Amelot；　April
  25th；　of　the　municipal　authorities　of　Nantes；　January　9th；　etc。
  ＇22＇　〃The　Ancient　Régime；〃　pp。　　380…389。
  ＇23＇　Floquet；　VII。　　508；　（Report　of　February　27th）。　　…　　Hippeau；　〃La
  Gouvernement　de　Normandie；〃　IV。　　377。　　（Letter　of　M。　Perrot；　June
  23rd。）　　　〃　Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　1453。　　Letter　of　M。　de
  Sainte…Suzanne；　April　29th。　　Ibid。　　F7；　3250。　　Letter　of　M。　de
  Rochambeau；　May　16th　Ibid。　　F7；　3250。　　Letter　of　the　Abbé　Duplaquet；
  Deputy　of　the　Third　Estate　of　Saint…Quentin；　May　17th。　　Letter　of
  three　husbandmen　in　the　environs　of　Saint…Quentin；　May　14th。
  ＇24＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　1453。　　Letter　of　the　Count　de
  Perigord；　military　commandant　of　Languedoc；　April　22nd。
  ＇25＇　Floquet；　VII。　　511　（from　the　11th　to　the　14th　July）。
  ＇26＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　1453。　　Letter　of　the　municipal
  authorities　of　Nantes；　January　9th；　of　the　sub…delegate　of　Plo？rmel；
  July　4th；　ibid。　　F7；　2353。　　Letter　of　the　intermediary　commission　of
  Alsace；　September　8th　ibid。　　F7；　3227。　　Letter　of　the　intendant；
  Caze　de　la　Bove；　June　16th　；　ibid。　　H。　　1453。　　Letter　of　Terray；
  intendant　of　Lyons；　July　4th；　of　the　prévot　des　échevins；　July　5th
  and　7th。
  ＇27＇　（A　tax　on　all　goods　entering　a　town。　　SR。）
  ＇28＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　1453。　　Letter　of　the　mayor　and
  councils　of　Agde；　April　21st；　of　M。　de　Perigord；　April　19th；　May
  5th。
  ＇29＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　1453。　　Letters　of　M。　de　Caraman；
  March　23rd；　26th　27th　28th；　of　the　seneschal　Missiessy；　March　24th；
  of　the　mayor　of　Hyères；　March　25th；　etc。；　ibid。　　H。　　1274；　of　M。　de
  Montmayran；　April　2nd；　of　M。　de　Caraman；　March　18th　；　April　12th；　of
  the　intendant；　M。　de　la　Tour；　April　2nd；　of　the　procureur…géneral；
  M。　d'Antheman；　April　17th；　and　the　report　of　June　15th；　of　the
  municipal　authorities　of　Toulon；　April　11th；　of　the　sub…delegate　of
  Manosque；　March　14th；　of　M。　de　Saint…Tropez；　March　21st。　　…　　Minutes
  of　the　meeting；　signed　by　119　witnesses；　of　the　insurrection　at　Aix；
  March　5th；　etc。
  ＇30＇　An　uprising　of　the　peasants。　　The　term　is　used　to　indicate　a
  country　mob　in　contradistinction　to　a　city　or　town　mob。…Tr。
  ＇31＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。1274。　　Letter　of　M。　de　la　Tour；　April
  2nd　（with　a　detailed　memorandum　and　depositions）。
  ＇32＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　H。　　1274。　　Letter　of　M。　de　Caraman；
  April　22nd：　…〃One　real　benefit　results　from　this　misfortune。　　。　　。
  The　well…to…do　class　is　brought　to　sustain　that　which　exceeded　the
  strength　of　the　poor　daily　laborers。　　We　see　the　nobles　and　people
  in　good　circumstances　a　little　more　attentive　to　the　poor　peasants：
  they　are　now　habituated　to　speaking　to　them　with　more　gentleness。〃
  M。　de　Caraman　was　wounded；　as　well　as　his　Son；　at　Aix；　and　if　the
  Soldiery；　who　were　stoned；　at　length　fired　on　the　crowd；　he　did　not
  give　the　order。　　　Ibid；　letter　of　M。　d'Anthéman；　April　17th；　of　M。
  de　Barentin；　June　11th。
  CHAPTER　II。　　PARIS　UP　TO　THE　14TH　OF　JULY。
  I。
  Mob　recruits　in　the　vicinity。…　Entry　of　vagabonds。　　…　The　number　of
  paupers。
  INDEED　it　is　in　the　center　that　the　convulsive　shocks　are　strongest。
  Nothing　is　lacking　to　aggravate　the　insurrection　　neither　the
  liveliest　provocation　to　stimulate　it；　nor　the　most　numerous　bands
  to　carry　it　out。　　The　environs　of　Paris　all　furnish　recruits　for　it；
  nowhere　are　there　so　many　miserable　wretches；　so　many　of　the
  famished；　and　so　many　rebellious　beings。　　Robberies　of　grain　take
  place　everywhere　　at　Orleans；　at　Cosne；　at　Rambouillet；　at　Jouy；
  at　Pont…Saint…Maxence；　at　Bray…sur…Seine；　at　Sens；　at　Nangis。＇1＇
  Wheat　flour　is　so　scarce　at　Meudon；　that　every　purchaser　is　ordered
  to　buy　at　the　same　time　an　equal　quantity　of　barley。　　At　Viroflay；
  thirty　women；　with　a　rear…guard　of　men；　stop　on　the　main　road
  vehicles；　which　they　suppose　to　be　loaded　with　grain。　　At　Montlhéry
  stones　and　clubs　disperse　seven　brigades　of　the　police。　　An　immense
  throng　of　eight　thousand　persons；　women　and　men；　provided　with　bags；
  fall　upon　the　grain　exposed　for　sale。　　They　force　the　delivery　to
  them　of　wheat　worth　40　francs　at　24　francs；　pillaging　the　half　of　it
  and　conveying　it　off　without　payment。　　〃The　constabulary　is
  disheartened；〃　writes　the　sub…delegate；　〃the　determination　of　the
  people　is　wonderful；　I　am　frightened　at　what　I　have　seen　and　heard。〃
  After　the　13th　of　July；　1788；　the　day　of　the　hail…storm；　despair
  seized　the　peasantry；　well　disposed　as　the　proprietors　may　have
  been；　it　was　impossible　　to　assist　them。　　〃Not　a　workshop　is
  open；＇2＇　the　noblemen　and　the　bourgeois；　obliged　to　grant　delays　in
  the　payment　of　their　incomes；　can　give　no　work。〃　Accordingly；　〃the
  famished　people　are　on　the　point　of　risking　life　for　life；〃　and；
  publicly　and　boldly；　they　seek　food　wherever　it　can　be　found。　　At
  Conflans…Saint…Honorine；　Eragny；　Neuville；　Chenevières；　at　Cergy；
  Pontoise；　Ile…Adam；　Presle；　and　Beaumont；　men；　women；　and　children；
  the　hole　parish；　range　the　country；　set　snares；　and　destroy　the
  burrows。　　〃The　rumor　is　current　that　the　Government；　informed　of　the
  damage　done　by　the　game　to　cultivators；　allows　its　destruction　。　　。
  。　　and　really　the　hares　ravaged　about　a　fifth　of　the　crop。　　At　first
  an　arrest　is　made　of　nine　of　these　poachers；　but　they　are　released；
  〃taking　circumstances　into　account。〃　Consequently；　for　two　months；
  there　is　a　slaughter　on　the　property　of　the　Prince　de　Conti　and　of
  the　Ambassador　Mercy　d'Argenteau；　in　default　of　bread　they　eat
  rabbits。　　　Along　with　the　abuse　of　property　they　are　led；　by　a
  natural　impulse；　to　attack　property　itself。　　Near　Saint…Denis　the
  woods　belonging　to　the　abbey　are　devastated。　　〃The　farmers　of　the
  neighborhood　carry　away　loads　of　wood；　drawn　by　four　and　five
  horses；〃　the　inhabitants　of　the　villages　of　Ville…Parisis；　Tremblay；
  Vert…Galant；　Villepinte；　sell　it　publicly；　and　threaten　the　wood…
  rangers　with　a　beating。　　On　the　15th　of　June　the　damage　is　already
  estimated　at　60；000　livres。　　　It　makes　little　difference　whether
  the　proprietor　has　been　benevolent；　like　M。　de　Talaru；＇3＇　who　had
  supported　the　poor　on　his　estate　at　Issy　the　preceding　winter。　　The
  peasants　destroy　the　dike　which　conducts　water　to　his　communal　mill；
  condemned　by　the　parliament　to　restore　it；　they　declare　that　not
  only　will　they　not　obey。　　Should　M。　de　Talaru　try　to　rebuild　it　they
  will　return　with　three　hundred　armed　men；　and　tear　it　away　the
  second　time。
  For　those　who　are　most　compromised　Paris　is　the　nearest　refuge。　　For
  the　poorest　and　most　exasperated；　the　door　of　nomadic　life　stands
  wide　open。　　Bands　rise　up　around　the　capital；　just　as　in　countries
  where　human　society　has　not　yet　been　formed；　or　has　ceased　to　exist。
  During　the　first　two　weeks　of　May＇4＇　near　Villejuif　a　band　of　five
  or　six　hundred　vagabonds　strive　to　force　Bicêtre　and　approach　Saint…
  Cloud。　　They　arrive　from　thirty；　forty；　and　sixty　leagues　off；　from
  Champagne；　from　Lorraine；　from　the　whole　circuit　of　country
  devastated　by　the　hailstorm。　　All　hover　around　Paris　and　are　there
  engulfed　as　in　a　sewer；　the　unfortunate　along　with　criminals；　some
  to　find　work；　others　to　beg　and　to　rove　about　under　the　injurious
  prompting　of　hunger　and　the　rumors　of　the　public　thoroughfares。
  During　the　last　days　of　April；＇5＇　the　clerks　at　the　tollhouses　note
  the　entrance　of　〃a　frightful　number　of　poorly　clad　men　of　sinister
  aspect。〃　During　the　first　days　of　May　a　change　in　the　appearance　of
  the　crowd　is　remarked。　　There　mingle　in　it　〃a　number　of　foreigners；
  from　all　countries；　most　of　them　in　rags；　armed　with　big　sticks；　and
  whose　very　aspect　announces　what　is　to　be　feared　from　them。〃
  Already；　before　this　final　influx；　the　public　sink　is　full　to
  overflowing。　　Think　of　the　extraordinary　and　rapid　increase　of
  population　in　Paris；　the　multitude　of　artisans　brought　there　by
  recent　demolition　and　constructions。　　Think　of　all　the　craftsmen
  whom　the　stagnation　of　manufactures；　the　augmentation　of　octrois；
  the　rigor　of