Liberté！＇26＇　。mingled　with　those　of　Vive　le　Roi！　are　heard。〃　A　few
  months　later；　around　Plo？rmel；　the　peasants　refuse　to　pay　tithes；
  alleging　that　the　memorial　of　their　seneschal's　court　demands　their
  abolition。　　In　Alsace；　after　March；　there　is　the　same　refusal　〃in
  many　places；〃　many　of　the　communities　even　maintain　that　they　will
  pay　no　more　taxes　until　their　deputies　to　the　States…General　shall
  have　fixed　the　precise　amount　of　the　public　contributions。　　In　Isère
  it　is　decided；　by　proceedings；　printed　and　published；　that　〃personal
  dues〃　shall　no　longer　be　paid；　while　the　landowners　who　are　affected
  by　this　dare　not　prosecute　in　the　tribunals。　　At　Lyons；　the　people
  have　come　to　the　conclusion　〃that　all　levies　of　taxes　are　to　cease；〃
  and；　on　the　29th　of　June；　on　hearing　of　the　meeting　of　the　three
  orders；　〃astonished　by　the　illuminations　and　signs　of　public
  rejoicing；〃　they　believe　that　the　good　time　has　come。〃　They　think　of
  forcing　the　delivery　of　meat　to　them　at　four　sous　the　pound；　and
  wine　at　the　same　rate。　　The　publicans　insinuate　to　them　the
  prospective　abolition　of　octrois。＇27＇　　and　that；　meanwhile；　the
  King；　in　favor　of　the　re…assembling　of　the　three　orders；　has　granted
  three　days'　freedom　from　all　duties　at　Paris；　and　that　Lyons　ought
  to　enjoy　the　same　privilege。〃　Upon　this　the　crowd；　rushing　off　to
  the　barriers；　to　the　gates　of　Sainte…Claire　and　Perrache；　and　to　the
  Guillotière　bridge；　burn　or　demolish　the　bureaux；　destroy　the
  registers；　sack　the　lodgings　of　the　clerks；　carry　off　the　money　and
  pillage　the　wine　on　hand　in　the　depot。　　　In　the　mean　time　a　rumor
  has　circulated　all　round　through　the　country　that　there　is　free
  entrance　into　the　town　for　all　provisions。　　During　the　following
  days　the　peasantry　stream　in　with　enormous　files　of　wagons　loaded
  with　wine　and　drawn　by　several　oxen；　so　that；　in　spite　of　the　re…
  established　guard；　it　is　necessary　to　let　them　enter　all　day　without
  paying　the　dues。　　It　is　only　on　the　7th　of　July　that　these　can　again
  be　collected。　　　The　same　thing　occurs　in　the　southern　provinces；
  where　the　principal　imposts　are　levied　on　provisions。　　There　also
  the　collections　are　suspended　in　the　name　of　public　authority。　　At
  Agde；＇28＇　〃the　people；　considering　the　so…called　will　of　the　King　as
  to　equality　of　classes；　are　foolish　enough　to　think　that　they　are
  everything　and　can　do　everything。〃　Thus　do　they　interpret　in　their
  own　way　and　in　their　own　terms　the　double　representation　accorded　to
  the　Third…Estate。　　They　threaten　the　town；　consequently；　with
  general　pillage　if　the　prices　of　all　provisions　are　not　reduced；　and
  if　the　duties　of　the　province　on　wine；　fish；　and　meat　are　not
  suppressed。　　They　also　wish　to　nominate　consuls　who　have　sprung　up
  out　of　their　body。〃　The　bishop；　the　lord　of　the　manor；　the　mayor　and
  the　notables；　against　whom　they　forcibly　stir　up　the　peasantry　in
  the　country；　are　obliged　to　proclaim　by　sound　of　trumpet　that　their
  demands　shall　be　granted。　　Three　days　afterwards　they　exact　a
  diminution　of　one…half　of　the　tax　on　grinding；　and　go　in　quest　of
  the　bishop　who　owns　the　mills。　　The　prelate；　who　is　ill；　sinks　down
  in　the　street　and　seats　himself　on　a　stone；　they　compel　him
  forthwith　to　sign　an　act　of　renunciation；　and　hence　〃his　mill；
  valued　at　15；000　livres；　is　reduced　to　7；500　livres。〃　　At　Limoux；
  under　the　pretext　of　searching　for　grain；　they　enter　the　houses　of
  the　comptroller　and　tax　contractors；　carry　off　their　registers；　and
  throw　them　into　the　water　along　with　the　furniture　of　their　clerks。
  In　Provence　it　is　worse；　for　most　unjustly；　and　through
  inconceivable　imprudence；　the　taxes　of　the　towns　are　all　levied　on
  flour。　　It　is　therefore　to　this　impost　that　the　dearness　of　bread　is
  directly　attributed。　　Hence　the　fiscal　agent　becomes　a　manifest
  enemy；　and　revolts　on　account　of　hunger　are　transformed　into
  insurrections　against　the　State。
  VI。
  The　first　jacquerie　in　Province。　　…　Feebleness　or　ineffectiveness　of
  repressive　measures。
  Here；　again；　political　novelties　are　the　spark　that　ignites　the　mass
  of　gunpowder。　　Everywhere；　the　uprising　of　the　people　takes　place　on
  the　very　day　on　which　the　electoral　assembly　meets。　　From　forty　to
  fifty　riots　occur　in　the　provinces　in　less　than　a　fortnight。
  Popular　imagination；　like　that　of　a　child；　goes　straight　to　its
  mark。　　The　reforms　having　been　announced；　people　think　them
  accomplished　and；　to　make　sure　of　them；　steps　are　at　once　taken　to
  carry　them　out。　　Now　that　we　are　to　have　relief；　let　us　relieve
  ourselves。　　〃This　is　not　an　isolated　riot　as　usual；〃　writes　the
  commander　of　the　troops；＇29＇　〃here　the　faction　is　united　and
  governed　by　uniform　principles；　the　same　errors　are　diffused　through
  all　minds。　　。　　。　　。　　。　　The　principles　impressed　on　the　people　are
  that　the　King　desires　equality。　　No　more　bishops　or　lords；　no　more
  distinctions　of　rank；　no　tithes；　and　no　seignorial　privileges。
  Thus；　these　misguided　people　fancy　that　they　are　exercising　their
  rights；　and　obeying　the　will　of　the　King。〃　　　The　effect　of
  sonorous　phrases　is　apparent。　　The　people　have　been　told　that　the
  States…General　were　to　bring　about　the　〃regeneration　of　the　kingdom〃
  The　inference　is　〃that　the　date　of　their　assembly　was　to　be　one　of
  an　entire　and　absolute　change　of　conditions　and　fortunes。〃　Hence；
  〃the　insurrection　against　the　nobles　and　the　clergy　is　as　active　as
  it　is　widespread。〃　〃In　many　places　it　was　distinctly　announced　that
  there　was　a　sort　of　war　declared　against　landowners　and　property；〃
  and　〃in　the　towns　as　well　as　in　the　rural　districts　the　people
  persist　in　declaring　that　they　will　pay　nothing；　neither　taxes；
  duties；　nor　debts。〃　　　Naturally；　the　first　assault　is　against　the
  piquèt；　or　flour…tax。　　At　Aix；　Marseilles；　Toulon；　and　in　more　than
  forty　towns　and　market…villages；　this　is　summarily　abolished；　at
  Aupt　and　at　Luc　nothing　remains　of　the　weighing…house　but　the　four
  walls。　　At　Marseilles　the　home　of　the　slaughter…house　contractor　and
  at　Brignolles　that　of　the　director　of　the　leather　excise；　are
  sacked。　　The　determination　is　〃to　purge　the　land　of　excise…men。　　〃　…
  …　This　is　only　a　beginning；　bread　and　other　provisions　must　become
  cheap；　and　that　without　delay。　　At　Arles；　the　Corporation　of
  sailors；　presided　over　by　M。　de　Barras；　consul；　had　just　elected　its
  representatives。　　By　way　of　conclusion　to　the　meeting；　they　pass　a
  resolution　insisting　that　M。　de　Barras　should　reduce　the　price　of
  all　comestibles。　　On　his　refusal；　they　〃open　the　window；　exclaiming；
  'We　hold　him；　and　we　have　only　to　throw　him　into　the　street　for　the
  rest　to　pick　him　up。'〃　Compliance　is　inevitable。　　The　resolution　is
  proclaimed　by　the　town…criers；　and　at　each　article　which　is　reduced
  in　price　the　crowd　shout；　〃Vive　le　Roi；　vive　M。　Barras　！〃　　One
  must　yield　to　brute　force。　　But　the　inconvenience　is　great　for；
  through　the　suppression　of　the　flour…tax；　the　towns　have　no　longer　a
  revenue。　　On　the　other　hand；　as　they　are　obliged　to　indemnify　the
  butchers　and　bakers；　Toulon；　for　instance；　incurs　a　debt　of　2；500
  livres　a　day。
  In　this　state　of　disorder；　woe　to　those　who　are　under　suspicion　of
  having　contributed；　directly　or　indirectly；　to　the　evils；　which　the
  people　endure！　At　Toulon　a　demand　is　made　for　the　head　of　the　mayor；
  who　signs　the　tax…list；　and　of　the　keeper　of　the　records。　　They　are
  trodden　under　foot；　and　their　houses　are　ransacked。　　At　Manosque；
  the　Bishop　of　Sisteron；　who　is　visiting　the　seminary；　is　accused　of
  favoring　a　monopolist。　　On　his　way　to　his　carriage；　on　foot；　he　is
  hooted　and　menaced。　　He　is　first　pelted　with　mud；　and　then　with
  stones。　　The　consuls　in　attendance；　and　the　sub…delegate；　who　come
  to　his　assistance；　are　mauled　and　repulsed。　　Meanwhile；　some　of　the
  most　furious　begin；　before　his　eyes；　〃to　dig　a　ditch　to　bury　him
  in。〃　Protected　by　five　or　six　brave　fellows；　amidst　a　volley　of
  stones；　and　wounded　on　the　head　and　on　many　parts　of　his　body；　he
  succeeds　in　reaching　his　carriage。　　He　is　finally　only　saved　because
  the　horses；　which　are　likewise　stoned；　run　away。　　Foreigners；
  Italians；　bandits；　are　mingled　with　the　peasants　and　artisans；　and
  expressions　are　heard　and　acts　are　seen　which　indicate　a
  jacquerie。＇30＇　〃The　most　excited　said　to　the　bishop；　'we　are　poor
  and　you　are　rich；　and　we　mean　to　have　all　your　property。'〃＇31＇
  Elsewhere；　〃the　seditious　mob　exacts　contributions　from　all　people
  in　good　circumstances。　　At　Brignolles；　thirteen　houses　are　pillaged
  from　top　to　bottom；　and　thirty　others　partly　half。　　　At　Aupt；　M。
  de　Montferrat；　in　defending　himself；　is　killed　and　〃hacked　to
  pieces。〃　　At　La　Seyne；　the　mob；　led　by　a　peasant；　assembles　by
  beat　of　drum。　　Some　women　fetch　a　bier；　and　set　it　down　before　the
  house　of　a　leading　bourgeois；　telling　him　to　prepare　for　death；　and
  that　〃they　will　have　the　honor　of　burying　him。〃　He　escapes；　his
  house　is　pillaged；　as　well　as　the　bureau　of　the　flour…tax。　　The
  following　day；　the　chief　of　the　band　〃