第 1 节
作者:古诗乐      更新:2024-11-30 11:15      字数:9322
  THE DOUBLE…DEALERA COMEDY
  THE DOUBLE…
  DEALERA COMEDY
  by William Congreve
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  THE DOUBLE…DEALERA COMEDY
  TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE CHARLES
  MONTAGUE; ONE OF THE LORDS OF THE
  TREASURY。
  Sir;I heartily  wish   this play  were   as   perfect   as   I intended it; that   it
  might be more worthy your acceptance; and that my dedication of it to you
  might be more becoming that honour and esteem which I; with everybody
  who     is  so  fortunate    as  to  know    you;   have    for  you。    It  had   your
  countenance when yet unknown; and now it is made public; it wants your
  protection。     I   would   not   have   anybody   imagine   that   I   think   this   play
  without   its   faults;   for   I   am   conscious   of   several。 I   confess   I   designed
  (whatever   vanity   or   ambition   occasioned   that   design)   to   have   written   a
  true and   regular comedy;  but I   found it an undertaking   which put   me   in
  mind of SUDET MULTUM; FRUSTRAQUE LABORET AUSUS IDEM。
  And now; to make amends for the vanity of such a design; I do confess
  both   the   attempt   and   the   imperfect   performance。     Yet   I   must   take   the
  boldness to say I have not miscarried in the whole; for the mechanical part
  of it is regular。    That I may say with as little vanity as a builder may say
  he   has built   a house   according to   the   model   laid   down before him;  or   a
  gardener that he has set his flowers in a knot of such or such a figure。               I
  designed the moral first; and to that moral I invented the fable; and do not
  know that I have borrowed one hint of it anywhere。                I made the plot as
  strong   as   I   could   because   it   was   single;   and   I   made   it   single   because   I
  would avoid confusion; and was resolved to preserve the three unities of
  the drama。     Sir; this discourse is very impertinent to you; whose judgment
  much better can discern the faults than I can excuse them; and whose good
  nature; like that of a lover; will find out those hidden beauties (if there are
  any such) which it would be great immodesty for me to discover。                 I think
  I don't speak improperly when I call you a LOVER of poetry; for it is very
  well known she has been a very kind mistress to you:              she has not denied
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  THE DOUBLE…DEALERA COMEDY
  you the last   favour; and she has   been fruitful to   you in   a most   beautiful
  issue。    If I break off abruptly here; I hope everybody will understand that
  it is to avoid a commendation which; as it is your due; would be most easy
  for me to pay; and too troublesome for you to receive。
  I have since the acting of this play harkened after the objections which
  have been made to it; for I was conscious where a true critic might have
  put me upon my defence。              I was prepared for the attack; and am  pretty
  confident   I   could   have   vindicated   some   parts   and   excused   others;   and
  where there were any plain miscarriages; I would most ingenuously have
  confessed 'em。        But I have not heard anything said sufficient to provoke
  an   answer。     That   which   looks   most   like   an   objection   does   not   relate   in
  particular to this play; but to all or most that ever have been written; and
  that is soliloquy。       Therefore I will answer it; not only for my own sake;
  but to save others the trouble; to whom it may hereafter be objected。
  I grant that for a man to talk to himself appears absurd and unnatural;
  and indeed it is so in most cases; but the circumstances which may attend
  the   occasion   make   great   alteration。       It   oftentimes   happens   to   a   man   to
  have   designs   which   require   him   to   himself;   and   in   their   nature   cannot
  admit     of  a  confidant。     Such     for   certain   is  all  villainy;  and   other    less
  mischievous   intentions   may   be   very   improper   to   be   communicated   to   a
  second   person。       In   such   a   case;   therefore;   the   audience   must      observe
  whether the person upon the stage takes any notice of them at all or no。
  For   if   he   supposes    any   one   to   be  by   when   he   talks    to   himself;   it  is
  monstrous and ridiculous to the last degree。                 Nay; not only in this case;
  but   in   any   part   of   a   play;   if   there   is   expressed   any   knowledge   of   an
  audience;   it   is   insufferable。     But   otherwise;   when       a   man   in   soliloquy
  reasons with himself; and PRO'S and CON'S; and weighs all his designs;
  we ought not to imagine that this man either talks to us or to himself; he is
  only thinking; and thinking such matter as were inexcusable folly in him
  to speak。      But because we are concealed spectators of the plot in agitation;
  and   the   poet   finds it   necessary  to   let   us   know   the   whole   mystery  of   his
  contrivance; he is willing to inform us of this person's thoughts; and to that
  end is forced to make use of the expedient of speech; no other better way
  being yet invented for the communication of thought。
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  THE DOUBLE…DEALERA COMEDY
  Another very wrong objection has been made by some who have not
  taken leisure to distinguish the characters。            The hero of the play; as they
  are pleased to   call him (meaning   Mellefont); is   a gull; and   made a   fool;
  and cheated。       Is every man a gull and a fool that is deceived?                 At that
  rate   I'm   afraid   the   two   classes   of   men   will   be   reduced   to   one;   and   the
  knaves   themselves   be   at   a   loss   to   justify   their   title。 But   if   an   open…
  hearted honest man; who has an entire confidence in one whom he takes to
  be his friend; and whom he has obliged to be so; and who; to confirm him
  in his opinion; in all appearance and upon several trials has been so:                     if
  this man be deceived by the treachery of the other; must he of necessity
  commence fool immediately; only because the other has proved a villain?
  Ay; but there was caution given to Mellefont in the first act by his friend
  Careless。     Of what nature was that caution?              Only to give the audience
  some light into the character of Maskwell before his appearance; and not
  to   convince   Mellefont   of   his   treachery;   for   that   was   more   than   Careless
  was then able to do:         he never knew Maskwell guilty of any villainy; he
  was only a sort of man which he did not like。                As for his suspecting his
  familiarity   with   my   Lady   Touchwood;   let   'em   examine   the   answer   that
  Mellefont   makes   him;   and   compare   it   with   the   conduct   of   Maskwell's
  character through the play。
  I would beg 'em again to look into the character of Maskwell before
  they accuse Mellefont of weakness for being deceived by him。                     For upon
  summing   up   the   enquiry   into   this   objection;   it   may   be   found   they   have
  mistaken cunning in one character for folly in another。
  But there is one thing at which I am more concerned than all the false
  criticisms   that   are   made   upon   me;   and   that   is;   some   of   the   ladies   are
  offended。      I am heartily sorry for it; for I declare I would rather disoblige
  all the critics in the world than one of the fair sex。              They are concerned
  that   I   have   represented   some   women   vicious   and   affected。       How   can   I
  help it?    It is the business of a comic poet to paint the vices and follies of
  humankind;   and   there   are   but   two   sexes;   male   and   female;   MEN   and
  WOMEN; which have a title to humanity; and if I leave one half of them
  out; the work will be imperfect。           I should be very glad of an opportunity
  to make my compliment to those ladies who are offended; but they can no
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  THE DOUBLE…DEALERA COMEDY
  more   expect   it   in   a   comedy   than   to   be   tickled   by   a   surgeon   when   he's
  letting   'em   blood。   They     who    are  virtuous   or  discreet   should   not  be
  offended; for such characters as these distinguish THEM; and make their
  beauties more shining and observed; and they who are of the other kind
  may     nevertheless    pass   for  such;  by   seeming    not  to  be   displeased   or
  touched      with   the  s