habitually　respected；　and　there　are　many　papers　in　England；　and
  still　more　in　the　States；　even　of　leading　organs　in　chief　cities；
  that　might　envy；　and　would　do　well　to　imitate；　the　courtesy　and
  discretion　of　the　SAMOA　TIMES。　　Yet　the　editor；　Cusack；　is　only　an
  amateur　in　journalism；　and　a　carpenter　by　trade。　　His　chief　fault
  is　one　perhaps　inevitable　in　so　small　a　place　…　that　he　seems　a
  little　in　the　leading　of　a　clique；　but　his　interest　in　the　public
  weal　is　genuine　and　generous。　　One　man's　meat　is　another　man's
  poison：　　Anglo…Saxons　and　Germans　have　been　differently　brought　up。
  To　our　galled　experience　the　paper　appears　moderate；　to　their
  untried　sensations　it　seems　violent。　　We　think　a　public　man　fair
  game；　we　think　it　a　part　of　his　duty；　and　I　am　told　he　finds　it　a
  part　of　his　reward；　to　be　continually　canvassed　by　the　press。　　For
  the　Germans；　on　the　other　hand；　an　official　wears　a　certain
  sacredness；　when　he　is　called　over　the　coals；　they　are　shocked；　and
  （if　the　official　be　a　German）　feel　that　Germany　itself　has　been
  insulted。　　The　SAMOA　TIMES　had　been　long　a　mountain　of　offence。
  Brandeis　had　imported　from　the　colonies　another　printer　of　the　name
  of　Jones；　to　deprive　Cusack　of　the　government　printing。　　German
  sailors　had　come　ashore　one　day；　wild　with　offended　patriotism；　to
  punish　the　editor　with　stripes；　and　the　result　was　delightfully
  amusing。　　The　champions　asked　for　the　English　printer。　　They　were
  shown　the　wrong　man；　and　the　blows　intended　for　Cusack　had　hailed
  on　the　shoulders　of　his　rival　Jones。　　On　the　12th；　Cusack　had
  reprinted　an　article　from　a　San　Francisco　paper；　the　Germans　had
  complained；　and　de　Coetlogon；　in　a　moment　of　weakness；　had　fined
  the　editor　twenty　pounds。　　The　judgment　was　afterwards　reversed　in
  Fiji；　but　even　at　the　time　it　had　not　satisfied　the　Germans。　　And
  so　now；　on　the　third　day　of　martial　law；　the　paper　was　suppressed。
  Here　we　have　another　of　these　international　obscurities。　　To　Fritze
  the　step　seemed　natural　and　obvious；　for　Anglo…Saxons　it　was　a　hand
  laid　upon　the　altar；　and　the　month　was　scarce　out　before　the　voice
  of　Senator　Frye　announced　to　his　colleagues　that　free　speech　had
  been　suppressed　in　Samoa。
  Perhaps　we　must　seek　some　similar　explanation　for　Fritze's　short…
  lived　code；　published　and　withdrawn　the　next　day；　the　23rd。　　Fritze
  himself　was　in　no　humour　for　extremities。　　He　was　much　in　the
  position　of　a　lieutenant　who　should　perceive　his　captain　urging　the
  ship　upon　the　rocks。　　It　is　plain　he　had　lost　all　confidence　in　his
  commanding　officer　〃upon　the　legal　side〃；　and　we　find　him　writing
  home　with　anxious　candour。　　He　had　understood　that　martial　law
  implied　military　possession；　he　was　in　military　possession　of
  nothing　but　his　ship；　and　shrewdly　suspected　that　his　martial
  jurisdiction　should　be　confined　within　the　same　limits。　　〃As　a
  matter　of　fact；〃　he　writes；　〃we　do　not　occupy　the　territory；　and
  cannot　give　foreigners　the　necessary　protection；　because　Mataafa
  and　his　people　can　at　any　moment　forcibly　interrupt　me　in　my
  jurisdiction。〃　　Yet　in　the　eyes　of　Anglo…Saxons　the　severity　of　his
  code　appeared　burlesque。　　I　give　but　three　of　its　provisions。　　The
  crime　of　inciting　German　troops　〃by　any　means；　as；　for　instance；
  informing　them　of　proclamations　by　the　enemy；〃　was　punishable　with
  death；　that　of　〃publishing　or　secretly　distributing　anything；
  whether　printed　or　written；　bearing　on　the　war；〃　with　prison　or
  deportation；　and　that　of　calling　or　attending　a　public　meeting；
  unless　permitted；　with　the　same。　　Such　were　the　tender　mercies　of
  Knappe；　lurking　in　the　western　end　of　the　German　quarter；　where
  Mataafa　could　〃at　any　moment〃　interrupt　his　jurisdiction。
  On　the　22nd　（day　of　the　suppression　of　the　TIMES）　de　Coetlogon
  wrote　to　inquire　if　hostilities　were　intended　against　Great
  Britain；　which　Knappe　on　the　same　day　denied。　　On　the　23rd　de
  Coetlogon　sent　a　complaint　of　hostile　acts；　such　as　the　armed　and
  forcible　entry　of　the　RICHMOND　before　the　declaration　and　arrest　of
  Gallien。　　In　his　reply；　dated　the　24th；　Knappe　took　occasion　to
  repeat；　although　now　with　more　self…command；　his　former　threat
  against　de　Coetlogon。　　〃I　am　still　of　the　opinion；〃　he　writes；
  〃that　even　foreign　consuls　are　liable　to　the　application　of　martial
  law；　if　they　are　guilty　of　offences　against　the　belligerent　state。〃
  The　same　day　（24th）　de　Coetlogon　complained　that　Fletcher；　manager
  for　Messrs。　MacArthur；　had　been　summoned　by　Fritze。　　In　answer；
  Knappe　had　〃the　honour　to　inform　your　Excellency　that　since　the
  declaration　of　the　state　of　war；　British　subjects　are　liable　to
  martial　law；　and　Mr。　Fletcher　will　be　arrested　if　he　does　not
  appear。〃　　Here；　then；　was　the　gauntlet　thrown　down；　and　de
  Coetlogon　was　burning　to　accept　it。　　Fletcher's　offence　was　this。
  Upon　the　22nd　a　steamer　had　come　in　from　Wellington；　specially
  chartered　to　bring　German　despatches　to　Apia。　　The　rumour　came
  along　with　her　from　New　Zealand　that　in　these　despatches　Knappe
  would　find　himself　rebuked；　and　Fletcher　was　accused　of　having
  〃interested　himself　in　the　spreading　of　this　rumour。〃　　His　arrest
  was　actually　ordered；　when　Hand　succeeded　in　persuading　him　to
  surrender。　　At　the　German　court；　the　case　was　dismissed　〃WEGEN
  NICHTIGKEIT〃；　and　the　acute　stage　of　these　distempers　may　be　said
  to　have　ended。　　Blessed　are　the　peacemakers。　　Hand　had　perhaps
  averted　a　collision。　　What　is　more　certain；　he　had　offered　to　the
  world　a　perfectly　original　reading　of　the　part　of　British　seaman。
  Hand　may　have　averted　a　collision；　I　say；　but　I　am　tempted　to
  believe　otherwise。　　I　am　tempted　to　believe　the　threat　to　arrest
  Fletcher　was　the　last　mutter　of　the　declining　tempest　and　a　mere
  sop　to　Knappe's　self…respect。　　I　am　tempted　to　believe　the　rumour
  in　question　was　substantially　correct；　and　the　steamer　from
  Wellington　had　really　brought　the　German　consul　grounds　for
  hesitation；　if　not　orders　to　retreat。　　I　believe　the　unhappy　man　to
  have　awakened　from　a　dream；　and　to　have　read　ominous　writing　on　the
  wall。　　An　enthusiastic　popularity　surrounded　him　among　the　Germans。
  It　was　natural。　　Consul　and　colony　had　passed　through　an　hour　of
  serious　peril；　and　the　consul　had　set　the　example　of　undaunted
  courage。　　He　was　entertained　at　dinner。　　Fritze；　who　was　known　to
  have　secretly　opposed　him；　was　scorned　and　avoided。　　But　the　clerks
  of　the　German　firm　were　one　thing；　Prince　Bismarck　was　another；　and
  on　a　cold　review　of　these　events；　it　is　not　improbable　that　Knappe
  may　have　envied　the　position　of　his　naval　colleague。　　It　is
  certain；　at　least；　that　he　set　himself　to　shuffle　and　capitulate；
  and　when　the　blow　fell；　he　was　able　to　reply　that　the　martial　law
  business　had　in　the　meanwhile　come　right；　that　the　English　and
  American　consular　courts　stood　open　for　ordinary　cases　and　that　in
  different　conversations　with　Captain　Hand；　〃who　has　always
  maintained　friendly　intercourse　with　the　German　authorities；〃　it
  had　been　repeatedly　explained　that　only　the　supply　of　weapons　and
  ammunition；　or　similar　aid　and　support；　was　to　come　under　German
  martial　law。　　Was　it　weapons　or　ammunition　that　Fletcher　had
  supplied？　　But　it　is　unfair　to　criticise　these　wrigglings　of　an
  unfortunate　in　a　false　position。
  In　a　despatch　of　the　23rd；　which　has　not　been　printed；　Knappe　had
  told　his　story：　　how　he　had　declared　war；　subjected　foreigners　to
  martial　law；　and　been　received　with　a　counter…proclamation　by　the
  English　consul；　and　how　（in　an　interview　with　Mataafa　chiefs　at　the
  plantation　house　of　Motuotua；　of　which　I　cannot　find　the　date）　he
  had　demanded　the　cession　of　arms　and　of　ringleaders　for　punishment；
  and　proposed　to　assume　the　government　of　the　islands。　　On　February
  12th　he　received　Bismarck's　answer：　〃You　had　no　right　to　take
  foreigners　from　the　jurisdiction　of　their　consuls。　　The　protest　of
  your　English　colleague　is　grounded。　　In　disputes　which　may　arise
  from　this　cause　you　will　find　yourself　in　the　wrong。　　The　demand
  formulated　by　you；　as　to　the　assumption　of　the　government　of　Samoa
  by　Germany；　lay　outside　of　your　instructions　and　of　our　design。
  Take　it　immediately　back。　　If　your　telegram　is　here　rightly
  understood；　I　cannot　call　your　conduct　good。〃　　It　must　be　a　hard
  heart　that　does　not　sympathise　with　Knappe　in　the　hour　when　he
  received　this　document。　　Yet　it　may　be　said　that　his　troubles　were
  still　in　the　beginning。　　Men　had　contended　against　him；　and　he　had
  not　prevailed；　he　was　now　to　be　at　war　with　the　elements；　and　find
  his　name　identified　with　an　immense　disaster。
  One　more　date；　however；　must　be　given　first。　　It　was　on　February
  27th　that　Fritze　formally　announced　martial　law　to　be　suspended；
  and　himself　to　have　relinquished　the　control　of　the　police。
  CHAPTER　X　…　THE　HURRICANE
  MARCH　1889
  THE　so…called　harbour　of　A