authority　of　his　majesty　Tamasese；　the　king　of　Samoa；　I　make　known
  to　you　all　that　the　German　man…of…war　is　about　to　go　together　with
  a　Samoan　fleet　for　the　purpose　of　burning　Manono。　　After　this
  island　is　all　burnt；　'tis　good　if　the　people　return　to　Manono　and
  live　quiet。　　To　the　people　of　Faasaleleanga　I　say；　return　to　your
  houses　and　stop　there。　　The　same　to　those　belonging　to　Tuamasanga。
  If　you　obey　this　instruction；　then　you　will　all　be　forgiven；　if　you
  do　not　obey；　then　all　your　villages　will　be　burnt　like　Manono。
  These　instructions　are　made　in　truth　in　the　sight　of　God　in　the
  Heaven。〃　　The　same　morning；　accordingly；　the　ADLER　steamed　out　of
  the　bay　with　a　force　of　Tamasese　warriors　and　some　native　boats　in
  tow；　the　Samoan　fleet　in　question。　　Manono　was　shelled；　the
  Tamasese　warriors；　under　the　conduct　of　a　Manono　traitor；　who　paid
  before　many　days　the　forfeit　of　his　blood；　landed　and　did　some
  damage；　but　were　driven　away　by　the　sight　of　a　force　returning　from
  the　mainland；　no　one　was　hurt；　for　the　women　and　children；　who
  alone　remained　on　the　island；　found　a　refuge　in　the　bush；　and　the
  ADLER　and　her　acolytes　returned　the　same　evening。　　The　letter　had
  been　energetic；　the　performance　fell　below　the　programme。　　The
  demonstration　annoyed　and　yet　re…assured　the　insurgents；　and　it
  fully　disclosed　to　the　Germans　a　new　enemy。
  Captain　Yon　Widersheim　had　been　relieved。　　His　successor；　Captain
  Fritze；　was　an　officer　of　a　different　stamp。　　I　have　nothing　to　say
  of　him　but　good；　he　seems　to　have　obeyed　the　consul's　requisitions
  with　secret　distaste；　his　despatches　were　of　admirable　candour；　but
  his　habits　were　retired；　he　spoke　little　English；　and　was　far
  indeed　from　inheriting　von　Widersheim's　close　relations　with
  Commander　Leary。　　It　is　believed　by　Germans　that　the　American
  officer　resented　what　he　took　to　be　neglect。　　I　mention　this；　not
  because　I　believe　it　to　depict　Commander　Leary；　but　because　it　is
  typical　of　a　prevailing　infirmity　among　Germans　in　Samoa。　　Touchy
  themselves；　they　read　all　history　in　the　light　of　personal　affronts
  and　tiffs；　and　I　find　this　weakness　indicated　by　the　big　thumb　of
  Bismarck；　when　he　places　〃sensitiveness　to　small　disrespects　…
  EMPFINDLICHKEIT　UEBER　MANGEL　AN　RESPECT；〃　among　the　causes　of　the
  wild　career　of　Knappe。　　Whatever　the　cause；　at　least；　the　natives
  had　no　sooner　taken　arms　than　Leary　appeared　with　violence　upon
  that　side。　　As　early　as　the　3rd；　he　had　sent　an　obscure　but
  menacing　despatch　to　Brandeis。　　On　the　6th；　he　fell　on　Fritze　in
  the　matter　of　the　Manono　bombardment。　　〃The　revolutionists；〃　he
  wrote；　〃had　an　armed　force　in　the　field　within　a　few　miles　of　this
  harbour；　when　the　vessels　under　your　command　transported　the
  Tamasese　troops　to　a　neighbouring　island　with　the　avowed　intention
  of　making　war　on　the　isolated　homes　of　the　women　and　children　of
  the　enemy。　　Being　the　only　other　representative　of　a　naval　power
  now　present　in　this　harbour；　for　the　sake　of　humanity　I　hereby
  respectfully　and　solemnly　protest　in　the　name　of　the　United　States
  of　America　and　of　the　civilised　world　in　general　against　the　use　of
  a　national　war…vessel　for　such　services　as　were　yesterday　rendered
  by　the　German　corvette　ADLER。〃　　Fritze's　reply；　to　the　effect　that
  he　is　under　the　orders　of　the　consul　and　has　no　right　of　choice；
  reads　even　humble；　perhaps　he　was　not　himself　vain　of　the　exploit；
  perhaps　not　prepared　to　see　it　thus　described　in　words。　　From　that
  moment　Leary　was　in　the　front　of　the　row。　　His　name　is　diagnostic；
  but　it　was　not　required；　on　every　step　of　his　subsequent　action　in
  Samoa　Irishman　is　writ　large；　over　all　his　doings　a　malign　spirit
  of　humour　presided。　　No　malice　was　too　small　for　him；　if　it　were
  only　funny。　　When　night　signals　were　made　from　Mulinuu；　he　would
  sit　on　his　own　poop　and　confound　them　with　gratuitous　rockets。　　He
  was　at　the　pains　to　write　a　letter　and　address　it　to　〃the　High
  Chief　Tamasese〃　…　a　device　as　old　at　least　as　the　wars　of　Robert
  Bruce　…　in　order　to　bother　the　officials　of　the　German　post…office；
  in　whose　hands　he　persisted　in　leaving　it；　although　the　address　was
  death　to　them　and　the　distribution　of　letters　in　Samoa　formed　no
  part　of　their　profession。　　His　great　masterwork　of　pleasantry；　the
  Scanlon　affair；　must　be　narrated　in　its　place。　　And　he　was　no　less
  bold　than　comical。　　The　ADAMS　was　not　supposed　to　be　a　match　for
  the　ADLER；　there　was　no　glory　to　be　gained　in　beating　her；　and　yet
  I　have　heard　naval　officers　maintain　she　might　have　proved　a
  dangerous　antagonist　in　narrow　waters　and　at　short　range。
  Doubtless　Leary　thought　so。　　He　was　continually　daring　Fritze　to
  come　on；　and　already；　in　a　despatch　of　the　9th；　I　find　Becker
  complaining　of　his　language　in　the　hearing　of　German　officials；　and
  how　he　had　declared　that；　on　the　ADLER　again　interfering；　he　would
  interfere　himself；　〃if　he　went　to　the　bottom　for　it　…　UND　WENN　SEIN
  SCHIFF　DABEI　ZU　GRUNDE　GINGE。〃　　Here　is　the　style　of　opposition
  which　has　the　merit　of　being　frank；　not　that　of　being　agreeable。
  Becker　was　annoying；　Leary　infuriating；　there　is　no　doubt　that　the
  tempers　in　the　German　consulate　were　highly　ulcerated；　and　if　war
  between　the　two　countries　did　not　follow；　we　must　set　down　the
  praise　to　the　forbearance　of　the　German　navy。　　This　is　not　the　last
  time　that　I　shall　have　to　salute　the　merits　of　that　service。
  The　defeat　and　death　of　Saifaleupolu　and　the　burning　of　Manono　had
  thus　passed　off　without　the　least　advantage　to　Tamasese。　　But　he
  still　held　the　significant　position　of　Mulinuu；　and　Brandeis　was
  strenuous　to　make　it　good。　　The　whole　peninsula　was　surrounded　with
  a　breastwork；　across　the　isthmus　it　was　six　feet　high　and
  strengthened　with　a　ditch；　and　the　beach　was　staked　against
  landing。　　Weber's　land　claim　…　the　same　that　now　broods　over　the
  village　in　the　form　of　a　signboard　…　then　appeared　in　a　more
  military　guise；　the　German　flag　was　hoisted；　and　German　sailors
  manned　the　breastwork　at　the　isthmus　…　〃to　protect　German　property〃
  and　its　trifling　parenthesis；　the　king　of　Samoa。　　Much　vigilance
  reigned　and；　in　the　island　fashion；　much　wild　firing。　　And　in　spite
  of　all；　desertion　was　for　a　long　time　daily。　　The　detained　high
  chiefs　would　go　to　the　beach　on　the　pretext　of　a　natural　occasion；
  plunge　in　the　sea；　and　swimming　across　a　broad；　shallow　bay　of　the
  lagoon；　join　the　rebels　on　the　Faleula　side。　　Whole　bodies　of
  warriors；　sometimes　hundreds　strong；　departed　with　their　arms　and
  ammunition。　　On　the　7th　of　September；　for　instance；　the　day　after
  Leary's　letter；　Too　and　Mataia　left　with　their　contingents；　and　the
  whole　Aana　people　returned　home　in　a　body　to　hold　a　parliament。
  Ten　days　later；　it　is　true；　a　part　of　them　returned　to　their　duty；
  but　another　part　branched　off　by　the　way　and　carried　their
  services；　and　Tamasese's　dear…bought　guns；　to　Faleula。
  On　the　8th；　there　was　a　defection　of　a　different　kind；　but　yet
  sensible。　　The　High　Chief　Seumanu　had　been　still　detained　in
  Mulinuu　under　anxious　observation。　　His　people　murmured　at　his
  absence；　threatened　to　〃take　away　his　name；〃　and　had　already
  attempted　a　rescue。　　The　adventure　was　now　taken　in　hand　by　his
  wife　Faatulia；　a　woman　of　much　sense　and　spirit　and　a　strong
  partisan；　and　by　her　contrivance；　Seumanu　gave　his　guardians　the
  slip　and　rejoined　his　clan　at　Faleula。　　This　process　of　winnowing
  was　of　course　counterbalanced　by　another　of　recruitment。　　But　the
  harshness　of　European　and　military　rule　had　made　Brandeis　detested
  and　Tamasese　unpopular　with　many；　and　the　force　on　Mulinuu　is
  thought　to　have　done　little　more　than　hold　its　own。　　Mataafa
  sympathisers　set　it　down　at　about　two　or　three　thousand。　　I　have　no
  estimate　from　the　other　side；　but　Becker　admits　they　were　not
  strong　enough　to　keep　the　field　in　the　open。
  The　political　significance　of　Mulinuu　was　great；　but　in　a　military
  sense　the　position　had　defects。　　If　it　was　difficult　to　carry；　it
  was　easy　to　blockade：　　and　to　be　hemmed　in　on　that　narrow　finger　of
  land　were　an　inglorious　posture　for　the　monarch　of　Samoa。　　The
  peninsula；　besides；　was　scant　of　food　and　destitute　of　water。
  Pressed　by　these　considerations；　Brandeis　extended　his　lines　till
  he　had　occupied　the　whole　foreshore　of　Apia　bay　and　the　opposite
  point；　Matautu。　　His　men　were　thus　drawn　out　along　some　three
  nautical　miles　of　irregular　beach；　everywhere　with　their　backs　to
  the　sea；　and　without　means　of　communication　or　mutual　support
  except　by　water。　　The　extension　led　to　fresh　sorrows。　　The　Tamasese
  men　quartered　themselves　in　the　houses　of　the　absent　men　of　the
  Vaimaunga。　　Disputes　arose　with　English　and　Americans。　　Leary
  interposed　in　a　loud　voice　of　menace。　　It　was　said　the　firm
  profited　by　the　confusion　to　buttress　up　imperfect　land　claims；　I
  am　sure　the　other　whites　would　not　be　far　b