第 18 节
作者:僻处自说      更新:2024-05-31 15:57      字数:7597
  expect the public to take a large share in my interests; I am yet unwilling
  to be found so far wanting in the duty I owe to myself; as to give occasion
  to those   who   shall survive me   to   make   it matter   of   reproach   against   me
  some day; that I might have left them many things in a much more perfect
  state than I have done; had I not too much neglected to make them aware
  of the ways in which they could have promoted the acplishment of my
  designs。
  And   I   thought   that   it   was   easy  for   me   to   select   some   matters   which
  should neither be obnoxious to much controversy; nor should pel me
  to expound more of my principles than I desired; and which should yet be
  sufficient     clearly   to  exhibit   what    I  can   or  cannot    acplish      in  the
  sciences。 Whether or not I have succeeded in this it is not for me to say;
  and I do not wish to forestall the judgments of others by speaking myself
  of my writings; but it will gratify me if they be examined; and; to afford
  the greater inducement to this I request all who may have any objections
  to make to them; to take the trouble of forwarding these to my publisher;
  who   will give   me   notice   of   them;   that   I   may   endeavor to   subjoin   at   the
  same time my reply; and in this way readers seeing both at once will more
  easily determine where the truth lies; for I do not engage in any case to
  make prolix replies; but only with perfect frankness to avow my errors if I
  am convinced of them; or if I cannot perceive them; simply to state what I
  think is required for defense of the matters I have written; adding thereto
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  DISCOURSE ON THE METHOD OF RIGHTLY CONDUCTING THE REASON; AND
  SEEKING TRUTH IN THE SCIENCES
  no   explication   of   any   new   matte   that   it   may   not   be   necessary   to   pass
  without end from one thing to another。
  If some of the matters of which I have spoken in the beginning of the
  〃Dioptrics〃   and   〃Meteorics〃   should   offend   at   first   sight;   because   I   call
  them     hypotheses     and    seem   indifferent    about    giving   proof    of  them;    I
  request   a   patient   and   attentive   reading   of   the   whole;   from  which   I   hope
  those    hesitating    will  derive   satisfaction;    for  it  appears   to  me    that  the
  reasonings are so mutually connected in these treatises; that; as the last are
  demonstrated by the first which are their causes; the first are in their turn
  demonstrated by the last which are their effects。              Nor must it be imagined
  that I here mit the fallacy which the logicians call a circle; for since
  experience   renders the   majority  of   these   effects   most   certain;   the   causes
  from which I deduce them do not serve so much to establish their reality
  as to explain their existence; but on the contrary; the reality of the causes
  is   established    by   the  reality   of  the   effects。   Nor    have    I  called   them
  hypotheses with any other end in view except that it may be known that I
  think I am able to deduce them from those first truths which I have already
  expounded;   and   yet   that   I   have   expressly   determined   not   to   do   so;   to
  prevent a certain class of minds from thence taking occasion to build some
  extravagant philosophy upon what they may take to be my principles; and
  my being blamed for it。         I refer to those who imagine that they can master
  in a day all that another has taken twenty years to think out; as soon as he
  has spoken two or three words to them on the subject; or who are the more
  liable to error and the less capable of perceiving truth in very proportion as
  they are more subtle and lively。           As to the opinions which are truly and
  wholly mine; I offer no apology for them as new;  persuaded as I am that
  if their reasons be well considered they will be found to be so simple and
  so conformed; to mon sense as to appear less extraordinary and less
  paradoxical than any others which can be held on the same subjects; nor
  do I even boast of being the earliest discoverer of any of them; but only of
  having adopted them; neither because they had nor because they had not
  been held by others; but solely because reason has convinced me of their
  truth。
  Though   artisans   may   not   be   able   at   once   to   execute   the   invention
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  DISCOURSE ON THE METHOD OF RIGHTLY CONDUCTING THE REASON; AND
  SEEKING TRUTH IN THE SCIENCES
  which is explained in the 〃Dioptrics;〃 I do not think that any one on that
  account      is  entitled   to  condemn      it;  for  since   address     and   practice    are
  required in order so to make and adjust the machines described by me as
  not to overlook the smallest particular; I should not be less astonished if
  they  succeeded   on   the   first   attempt   than   if   a   person   were   in   one   day   to
  bee       an   acplished       performer     on   the   guitar;   by   merely     having
  excellent   sheets   of   music   set   up   before   him。    And   if   I   write   in   French;
  which is the language of my country; in preference to Latin; which is that
  of my preceptors; it is because I expect that those who make use of their
  unprejudiced   natural   reason   will   be   better   judges   of   my   opinions   than
  those who give heed to the writings of the ancients only; and as for those
  who unite good sense with habits of study; whom alone I desire for judges;
  they will not; I feel assured; be so partial to Latin as to refuse to listen to
  my reasonings merely because I expound them in the vulgar tongue。
  In conclusion; I am unwilling here to say anything very specific of the
  progress which I expect to make for the future in the sciences; or to bind
  myself to the public by any promise which I am not certain of being able
  to fulfill; but this only will I say; that I have resolved to devote what time I
  may still have to live to no other occupation than that of endeavoring to
  acquire   some   knowledge   of   Nature;  which   shall   be   of such   a   kind   as   to
  enable us therefrom to deduce rules in medicine of greater certainty than
  those at present in use; and that my inclination is so much opposed to all
  other   pursuits;   especially   to   such   as   cannot   be   useful   to   some   without
  being     hurtful    to  others;    that   if;  by   any    circumstances;       I  had   been
  constrained   to   engage   in   such;   I   do   not   believe   that   I   should   have   been
  able   to   succeed。    Of   this   I   here   make   a   public   declaration;  though   well
  aware that it cannot serve to procure for me any consideration in the world;
  which; however; I do not in the least affect; and I shall always hold myself
  more   obliged   to   those   through   whose   favor   I   am  permitted   to   enjoy   my
  retirement without interruption than to any who might offer me the highest
  earthly preferments。
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