第 15 节
作者:
僻处自说 更新:2024-05-31 15:57 字数:9320
And this is a result to be desired; not only in order to the invention of an
infinity of arts; by which we might be enabled to enjoy without any
trouble the fruits of the earth; and all its forts; but also and especially
for the preservation of health; which is without doubt; of all the blessings
of this life; the first and fundamental one; for the mind is so intimately
dependent upon the condition and relation of the organs of the body; that if
any means can ever be found to render men wiser and more ingenious than
hitherto; I believe that it is in medicine they must be sought for。 It is true
that the science of medicine; as it now exists; contains few things whose
utility is very remarkable: but without any wish to depreciate it; I am
confident that there is no one; even among those whose profession it is;
who does not admit that all at present known in it is almost nothing in
parison of what remains to be discovered; and that we could free
ourselves from an infinity of maladies of body as well as of mind; and
perhaps also even from the debility of age; if we had sufficiently ample
knowledge of their causes; and of all the remedies provided for us by
nature。 But since I designed to employ my whole life in the search after
so necessary a science; and since I had fallen in with a path which seems
to me such; that if any one follow it he must inevitably reach the end
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DISCOURSE ON THE METHOD OF RIGHTLY CONDUCTING THE REASON; AND
SEEKING TRUTH IN THE SCIENCES
desired; unless he be hindered either by the shortness of life or the want of
experiments; I judged that there could be no more effectual provision
against these two impediments than if I were faithfully to municate to
the public all the little I might myself have found; and incite men of
superior genius to strive to proceed farther; by contributing; each
according to his inclination and ability; to the experiments which it would
be necessary to make; and also by informing the public of all they might
discover; so that; by the last beginning where those before them had left
off; and thus connecting the lives and labours of many; we might
collectively proceed much farther than each by himself could do。
I remarked; moreover; with respect to experiments; that they bee
always more necessary the more one is advanced in knowledge; for; at the
mencement; it is better to make use only of what is spontaneously
presented to our senses; and of which we cannot remain ignorant; provided
we bestow on it any reflection; however slight; than to concern ourselves
about more unmon and recondite phenomena: the reason of which is;
that the more unmon often only mislead us so long as the causes of the
more ordinary are still unknown; and the circumstances upon which they
depend are almost always so special and minute as to be highly difficult to
detect。 But in this I have adopted the following order: first; I have
essayed to find in general the principles; or first causes of all that is or can
be in the world; without taking into consideration for this end anything but
God himself who has created it; and without educing them from any other
source than from certain germs of truths naturally existing in our minds In
the second place; I examined what were the first and most ordinary effects
that could be deduced from these causes; and it appears to me that; in this
way; I have found heavens; stars; an earth; and even on the earth water; air;
fire; minerals; and some other things of this kind; which of all others are
the most mon and simple; and hence the easiest to know。 Afterwards
when I wished to descend to the more particular; so many diverse objects
presented themselves to me; that I believed it to be impossible for the
human mind to distinguish the forms or species of bodies that are upon the
earth; from an infinity of others which might have been; if it had pleased
God to place them there; or consequently to apply them to our use; unless
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we rise to causes through their effects; and avail ourselves of many
particular experiments。 Thereupon; turning over in my mind I the objects
that had ever been presented to my senses I freely venture to state that I
have never observed any which I could not satisfactorily explain by the
principles had discovered。 But it is necessary also to confess that the
power of nature is so ample and vast; and these principles so simple and
general; that I have hardly observed a single particular effect which I
cannot at once recognize as capable of being deduced in man different
modes from the principles; and that my greatest difficulty usually is to
discover in which of these modes the effect is dependent upon them; for
out of this difficulty cannot otherwise extricate myself than by again
seeking certain experiments; which may be such that their result is not the
same; if it is in the one of these modes at we must explain it; as it would be
if it were to be explained in the other。 As to what remains; I am now in a
position to discern; as I think; with sufficient clearness what course must
be taken to make the majority those experiments which may conduce to
this end: but I perceive likewise that they are such and so numerous; that
neither my hands nor my ine; though it were a thousand times larger
than it is; would be sufficient for them all; so that according as
henceforward I shall have the means of making more or fewer
experiments; I shall in the same proportion make greater or less progress
in the knowledge of nature。 This was what I had hoped to make known by
the treatise I had written; and so clearly to exhibit the advantage that
would thence accrue to the public; as to induce all who have the mon
good of man at heart; that is; all who are virtuous in truth; and not merely
in appearance; or according to opinion; as well to municate to me the
experiments they had already made; as to assist me in those that remain to
be made。
But since that time other reasons have occurred to me; by which I have
been led to change my opinion; and to think that I ought indeed to go on
mitting to writing all the results which I deemed of any moment; as
soon as I should have tested their truth; and to bestow the same care upon
them as I would have done had it been my design to publish them。 This
course mended itself to me; as well because I thus afforded myself
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more ample inducement to examine them thoroughly; for doubtless that is
always more narrowly scrutinized which we believe will be read by many;
than that which is written merely for our private use (and frequently what
has seemed to me true when I first conceived it; has appeared false when I
have set about mitting it to writing); as because I thus lost no
opportunity of advancing the interests of the public; as far as in me lay;
and since thus likewise; if my writings possess any value; those into whose
hands they may fall after my death may be able to put them to what use
they deem proper。 But I resolved by no means to consent to their
publication during my lifetime; lest either the oppositions or the
controversies to which they might give rise; or even the reputation; such as
it might be; which they would acquire for me; should be any occasion of
my losing the time that I had set apart for my own improvement。 For
though it be true that every one is bound to promote to the extent of his
ability the good of others; and that to be useful to no one is really to be
worthless; yet it is likewise true that our cares ought to extend beyond the