第 15 节
作者:僻处自说      更新:2024-05-31 15:57      字数:9320
  And this is a result to be desired; not only in order to the invention of an
  infinity   of   arts;   by   which   we   might   be      enabled   to   enjoy   without      any
  trouble the fruits of the earth; and all its forts; but also and especially
  for the preservation of health; which is without doubt; of all the blessings
  of   this   life;   the   first   and   fundamental   one;   for   the   mind   is   so   intimately
  dependent upon the condition and relation of the organs of the body; that if
  any means can ever be found to render men wiser and more ingenious than
  hitherto; I believe that it is in medicine they must be sought for。                    It is true
  that the science of medicine; as it now exists; contains few things whose
  utility   is   very   remarkable:      but   without   any   wish   to   depreciate   it;   I   am
  confident that there is no one; even among those whose profession it is;
  who   does   not   admit   that   all   at   present   known   in   it   is   almost   nothing   in
  parison   of   what   remains   to   be   discovered;   and   that   we   could   free
  ourselves   from   an   infinity   of   maladies   of   body   as   well   as   of   mind;   and
  perhaps also   even from  the debility  of age;  if we   had sufficiently  ample
  knowledge   of   their   causes;   and   of   all   the   remedies   provided   for   us   by
  nature。     But since I designed to employ my whole life in the search after
  so necessary a science; and since I had fallen in with a path which seems
  to   me   such;   that   if   any   one   follow   it   he   must   inevitably   reach   the   end
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  desired; unless he be hindered either by the shortness of life or the want of
  experiments;   I   judged   that   there   could   be   no   more   effectual   provision
  against these two impediments than if I were faithfully to municate to
  the   public   all   the   little   I   might   myself   have   found;   and   incite   men   of
  superior     genius    to   strive   to  proceed     farther;   by   contributing;     each
  according to his inclination and ability; to the experiments which it would
  be necessary to make; and also by informing the public of all they might
  discover; so that; by the last beginning where those before them had left
  off;   and    thus   connecting     the   lives  and    labours   of   many;    we   might
  collectively proceed much farther than each by himself could do。
  I remarked; moreover; with respect to experiments; that they bee
  always more necessary the more one is advanced in knowledge; for; at the
  mencement;   it   is   better   to   make   use   only   of   what   is   spontaneously
  presented to our senses; and of which we cannot remain ignorant; provided
  we bestow on it any reflection; however slight; than to concern ourselves
  about more unmon and recondite phenomena:                    the reason of which is;
  that the more unmon often only mislead us so long as the causes of the
  more ordinary are still unknown; and the circumstances upon which they
  depend are almost always so special and minute as to be highly difficult to
  detect。    But   in   this   I   have   adopted   the   following   order:  first;   I   have
  essayed to find in general the principles; or first causes of all that is or can
  be in the world; without taking into consideration for this end anything but
  God himself who has created it; and without educing them from any other
  source than from certain germs of truths naturally existing in our minds In
  the second place; I examined what were the first and most ordinary effects
  that could be deduced from these causes; and it appears to me that; in this
  way; I have found heavens; stars; an earth; and even on the earth water; air;
  fire; minerals; and some other things of this kind; which of all others are
  the most mon and simple; and hence the easiest to know。                    Afterwards
  when I wished to descend to the more particular; so many diverse objects
  presented   themselves   to   me;   that   I   believed   it   to   be   impossible   for   the
  human mind to distinguish the forms or species of bodies that are upon the
  earth; from an infinity of others which might have been; if it had pleased
  God to place them there; or consequently to apply them to our use; unless
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  we    rise  to   causes   through     their  effects;   and   avail  ourselves     of  many
  particular experiments。 Thereupon; turning over in my mind I the objects
  that had ever been presented to my senses I freely venture to state that I
  have   never   observed   any  which   I   could   not   satisfactorily  explain   by  the
  principles   had   discovered。       But   it   is   necessary   also   to   confess   that   the
  power of nature is so ample and vast; and these principles so simple and
  general;   that   I   have   hardly   observed   a   single   particular   effect   which   I
  cannot   at   once   recognize   as   capable   of   being   deduced   in   man   different
  modes   from   the   principles;   and   that   my   greatest   difficulty   usually   is   to
  discover in which of these modes the effect is dependent upon them; for
  out    of  this  difficulty   cannot    otherwise    extricate    myself    than   by   again
  seeking certain experiments; which may be such that their result is not the
  same; if it is in the one of these modes at we must explain it; as it would be
  if it were to be explained in the other。          As to what remains; I am now in a
  position to discern; as I think; with sufficient clearness what course must
  be taken to make the majority those experiments which may conduce to
  this end:     but I perceive likewise that they are such and so numerous; that
  neither my hands nor my ine; though it were a thousand times larger
  than    it  is;  would     be   sufficient    for  them    all;  so   that   according     as
  henceforward        I   shall   have    the   means      of   making     more     or   fewer
  experiments; I shall in the same proportion make greater or less progress
  in the knowledge of nature。 This was what I had hoped to make known by
  the   treatise   I   had   written;   and   so   clearly   to   exhibit   the   advantage   that
  would thence accrue to the public; as to induce all who have the mon
  good of man at heart; that is; all who are virtuous in truth; and not merely
  in appearance; or according to opinion; as well to municate to me the
  experiments they had already made; as to assist me in those that remain to
  be made。
  But since that time other reasons have occurred to me; by which I have
  been led to change my opinion; and to think that I ought indeed to go on
  mitting to writing all the results which I deemed of any moment; as
  soon as I should have tested their truth; and to bestow the same care upon
  them as I would have done had it been my design to publish them。                       This
  course   mended   itself   to   me;   as   well   because   I   thus   afforded   myself
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  more ample inducement to examine them thoroughly; for doubtless that is
  always more narrowly scrutinized which we believe will be read by many;
  than that which is written merely for our private use (and frequently what
  has seemed to me true when I first conceived it; has appeared false when I
  have     set  about   mitting      it  to  writing);   as  because     I  thus   lost  no
  opportunity of advancing the interests of the public;  as far as in me   lay;
  and since thus likewise; if my writings possess any value; those into whose
  hands they may fall after my death may be able to put them to what use
  they    deem    proper。    But    I  resolved    by   no   means    to  consent    to  their
  publication      during    my    lifetime;    lest   either   the   oppositions     or   the
  controversies to which they might give rise; or even the reputation; such as
  it might be; which they would acquire for me; should be any occasion of
  my   losing   the   time   that   I   had   set   apart   for   my   own   improvement。 For
  though it be true that every one is bound to promote to the extent of his
  ability the good of others; and that to be useful to no one is really to be
  worthless; yet it is likewise true that our cares ought to extend beyond the