miner　rose　one　finger　against　them；　when　they　imperatively　desired　to　know　whether　they　had　done　their　duty　and　still　possessed　the　confidence　of　their　fellow　diggers！　They　（said　members）　are　practical　men；　of　our　own　adopted　class；　elected　by　ourselves　from　among　ourselves；　to　sit　as　arbitrators　of　our　disputes；　and　our　representatives　at　the　Local　Court。　　That's　the　key；　for　any　future　Brougham；　for　the　history　of　the　Local　Courts　on　the　gold…fields。
  It　has　fallen　to　my　lot；　however；　to　put　the　Eureka　Stockade　on　record；　and；　from　the　following　'Joe'　chapter　must　begin　any　proper　history　of　that　disgracefully　memorable　event。
  Chapter　IX。
  Abyssus；　Abyssum　Invocat。
  〃Joe；　Joe！〃　No　one　in　the　world　can　properly　understand　and　describe　this　shouting　of　〃Joe；〃　unless　he　were　on　this　El　Dorado　of　Ballaarat　at　the　time。
  It　was　a　horrible　day；　plagued　by　the　hot　winds。　　A　blast　of　the　hurricane　winding　through　gravel　pits　whirled　towards　the　Eureka　this　shouting　of　〃Joe。〃　It　was　the　howl　of　a　wolf　for　the　shepherds；　who　bolted　at　once　towards　the　bush：　　it　was　the　yell　of　bull…dogs　for　the　fossikers　who　floundered　among　the　deep　holes；　and　thus　dodged　the　hounds：　　it　was　a　scarecrow　for　the　miners；　who　now　scrambled　down　to　the　deep；　and　left　a　licensed　mate　or　two　at　the　windlass。　　By　this　time；　a　regiment　of　troopers；　in　full　gallop；　had　besieged　the　whole　Eureka；　and　the　traps　under　their　protection　ventured　among　the　holes。　　An　attempt　to　give　an　idea　of　such　disgusting　and　contemptible　campaigns　for　the　search　of　licences　is　really　odious　to　an　honest　man。　　Some　of　the　traps　were　civil　enough；　aye；　they　felt　the　shame　of　their　duty；　but　there　were　among　them　devils　at　heart；　who　enjoyed　the　fun；　because　their　cupidity　could　not　bear　the　sight　of　the　zig…zag　uninterrupted　muster　of　piles　of　rich…looking　washing　stuff；　and　the　envy　which　blinded　their　eyes　prevented　them　from　taking　into　account　the　overwhelming　number　of　shicers　close　by；　round　about；　all　along。　　Hence　they　looked　upon　the　ragged　muddy　blue　shirt　as　an　object　of　their　contempt。
  Are　diggers　dogs　or　savages；　that　they　are　to　be　hunted　on　the　diggings；　commanded；　in　Pellissier's　African　style；　to　come　out　of　their　holes；　and　summoned　from　their　tents　by　these　hounds　of　the　executive？　　Is　the　garb　of　a　digger　a　mark　of　inferiority？　　'In　sudore　vultus　lue　vesceris　panem'*　is　then　an　infamy　now…a…days！
  ＇*　In　the　sweat　of　thy　brow　thou　shalt　eat　bread。＇
  Give　us　facts；　and　spare　us　your　bosh；　says　my　good　reader。Very　well。
  I；　CARBONII　RAFFAELLO；　da　Roma；　and　late　of　No。　4；　Castle…court；　Cornhill；　City　of　London；　had　my　rattling　'Jenny　Lind'　（the　cradle）　at　a　water…hole　down　the　Eureka　Gully。　　Must　stop　my　work　to　show　my　licence。　　'All　right。'
  I　had　then　to　go　a　quarter　of　a　mile　up　the　hill　to　my　hole；　and　fetch　the　washing　stuff。　　There　again〃Got　your　licence？〃　　〃All　serene；　governor。〃　On　crossing　the　holes；　up　to　the　knees　in　mullock；　and　loaded　like　a　dromedary；　〃Got　your　licence？〃　was　again　the　cheer…up　from　a　third　trooper　or　trap。　Now；　what　answer　would　you　have　given；　sir？
  I　assert；　as　a　matter　of　fact；　that　I　was　often　compelled　to　produce　my　licence　twice　at　each　and　the　same　licence　hunt。　　Any　one　who　knows　me　personally；　will　readily　believe　that　the　accursed　game　worried　me　to　death。
  Chapter　X。
  Jam　Non　Estis　Hospites　Et　Advenoe
  It　is　to　the　purpose　to　say　a　few　words　more　on　the　licence…hunting；　and　have　done　with　it。　　Light　your　pipe；　good　reader；　you　have　to　blow　hard。
  Our　red…tape；　generally　obtuse　and　arrogant；　this　once　got　rid　of　the　usual　conceit　in　all　things；　and　had　to　acknowledge　that　the　digger　who　remained　quietly　at　his　work；　always　possessed　his　licence。　　Hence　the　troopers　were　despatched　like　bloodhounds；　in　all　directions；　to　beat　the　bush；　and　the　traps　who　had　a　more　confined　scent；　creeped　and　crawled　among　the　holes；　and　sneaked　into　the　sly…grog　tents　round　about；　in　search　of　the　swarming　unlicensed　game。　　In　a　word；　it　was　a　regular　hunt。　　Any　one　who　in　Old　England　went　fox…hunting；　can　understand　pretty　well；　the　detestable　sport　we　had　then　on　the　goldfields　of　Victoria。　Did　any　trooper　succeed　in　catching　any　of　the　'vagabonds'　in　the　bush；　he　would　by　the　threat　of　his　sword；　confine　him　round　a　big　gum…tree；　and　when　all　the　successful　troopers　had　done　the　same　feat；　they　took　their　prisoners　down　the　gully；　where　was　the　grand　depot；　because　the　traps　were　generally　more　successful。　　The　commissioner　would　then　pick　up　one　pound；　two　pounds；　or　five　pounds；　in　the　way　of　bail；　from　any　digger　that　could　afford　it；　or　had　friends　to　do　so；　and　then　order　the　whole　pack　of　the　penniless　and　friendless　to　the　lock…up　in　the　camp。　　I　am　a　living　eye…witness；　and　challenge　contradiction。
  This　job　of　explaining　a　licence…hunt　is　really　so　disgusting　to　me；　that　I　prefer　to　close　it　with　the　following　document　from　my　subsequently　goal…bird　mate；　then　reporter　of　the　'Ballaarat　Times'：
  Police　Court；　Tuesday；　October　24th。
  HUNTING　THE　DIGGER。Five　of　these　fellows　were　fined　in　the　mitigated　trifle　of　5　pounds；　for　being　without　licences。　　The　nicest　thing　imaginable　is　to　see　one　of　these　clumsy　fellows　with　great　beards；　shaggy　hair；　and　oh！　such　nasty　rough　hands；　stand　before　a　fine　gentleman　on　the　bench　with　hands　of　shiny　whiteness；　and　the　colour　of　whose　cambric　rivals　the　Alpine　snow。　There　the　clumsy　fellow　stands；　faltering　out　an　awkward　apology；　〃my　licence　is　only　just　expired；　sirI've　only　been　one　day　from　town；　sirI　have　no　money；　sir；　for　I　had　to　borrow　half　a　bag　of　flour　the　other　day；　for　my　wife　and　children。〃　　Ahem；　says　his　worship；　the　law　makes　no　distinctionsfined　5　pounds。　　Now　our　reporter　enjoys　this　exceedingly；　for　he　is　sometimes　scarce　of　news；　and　from　a　strange　aberration　of　intellect；　with　which；　poor　fellow；　he　is　afflicted；　has　sometimes；　no　news　at　all　for　us；　but　he　is　sure　of　not　being　dead　beat　at　any　time；　for　digger…hunting　is　a　standing　case　at　the　police　office；　and　our　reporter　is　growing　so　precocious　with　long　practice；　that　he　can　tell　the　number　of　diggers　fined　every　morning；　without　going　to　that　sanctuary　at　all。'Ballaarat　Times'；　Saturday；　October　28；　1854。
  Chapter　XI。
  Salvum　Fac　Populum　Tuum　Domine。
  The　more　the　pityI　have　not　done　yet　with　the　accursed　gold　licence。　I　must　prevail　on　myself　to　keep　cooler　and　in　good　temper。
  Two　questions　will　certainly　be　put　to　me：…
  1st。　　Did　the　camp　officials　give　out　the　licence　to　the　digger　at　the　place　of　his　work；　whenever　required；　without　compelling　him　to　leave　off　work；　and　renew　his　licence　at　the　camp？
  2nd。　　It　was　only　one　day　in　each　month　that　there　was　a　search　for　licences；　was　it　not？　　Why　therefore　did　not　the　diggers　make　it　a　half…holiday　on　the　old　ground；　that　〃all　work　and　no　play；　makes　Jack　a　dull　boy。〃
  The　first　question　is　a　foolish　one；　from　any　fellow…colonist　who　knows　our　silver　and　gold　lace；　and　is　a　wicked　one；　from　any　digger　who　was　on　Ballaarat　at　the　time。
  'Fellah'　gave　the　proper　answer　through　the　'Ballaarat　Times'；　October　14th；here　it　is：
  To　the　Editor　of　the　'Ballaarat　Times'；　October　14；　1854。
  Sir；
  Permit　me　to　call　your　attention　to　the　miserable　accommodation　provided　for　the　miner；　who　may　have　occasion　to　go　to　the　Camp　to　take　out　a　licence。　　Surely；　with　the　thousands　of　pounds　that　have　been　expended　in　government　buildings；　a　little　better　accommodation　might　be　afforded　to　the　well　disposed　digger；　who　is　willing　to　pay　the　odious　tax　demanded　of　him　by　government；　and　not　be　compelled　to　stand　in　the　rain　or　sun；　or　treated　as　if　the　'distinguished　government　official'　feared　that　the　digger　was　a　thing　that　would　contaminate　him　by　a　closer　proximity；　so　the　'fellah'　is　kept　by　a　wooden　rail　from　approaching　within　a　couple　of　yards　of　the　tent。　　In　consequence；　many　persons　mistaking　the　licence…office　for　the　commissioner's　water…closet；　a　placard　has　been　placed　over　the　door。
  I　am；　Sir；　yours　&c。；
  FELLAH　DIGGER；
  Who　had　to　walk　a　few　miles　to　pay　away　the　money　he　had　worked　hard　for；　and　was　kept　a　few　hours　standing　by　a　railnot　sitting　on　a　rail；　Mary。
  Now　I　mean　to　tackle　in　right　earnest　with　the　second　question；　provided　I　can　keep　in　sufficiently　good　temper。
  On　the　morning　of　Thursday；　the　22nd　June；　in　the　year　of　Grace；　One　thousand　eight　hundred　and　fifty…four；　His　Excellency　SIR　CHARLES　HOTHAM；　Knight　Commander　of　the　Most　Noble　Military　Order　of　the　Bath；　landed　on　the　shores　of　this　fair　province；　as　its　Lieutenant…Governor；　the　chosen　and　commissioned　representative　of　Her　Most　Gracious　Majesty；　the　QUEEN！　Never　（writes　the　Melbourne　historian　of　that　day）　never　in　the　history　of　public　ovations；　was　welcome　more　hearty；　never　did　stranger　meet　with　warmer　welcome；　on　the　threshold　of　a　new　home：
  VICTORIA　WELCOMES　VICTORIA'S　CHOICE；　was　the　Melbourne　proclamation。
  The　following　is　transcribed　from　my　diary：…
  〃Saturday；　August　26th；　1854：　　His　Excellency　dashed　in　among　us　'vagabonds'　on　a　sudden；　at　about　five　o'clock　p。m。；　and　inspected　a　shaft　immediately　behind　the　Ballaarat　Dining　Rooms；　Gravel…pits。　　A　mob　soon　collecte