were　　　overthrown。　The　enemy　indeed　made　a　shout　at　the　　　boldness　of　Caesar；　and　exhorted　one　another　to　rush　upon　him。　Yet　did　these　against　whom　he　marched　fly　away；　and　go　off　from　him　in　great　numbers；　while　those　that　were　in　the　same　danger　with　him　kept　up　close　to　him；　though　　　they　were　wounded　both　on　their　backs　and　on　their　sides；　for　they　had　each　of　them　but　this　one　hope　of　escaping；　if　they　could　assist　Titus　in　opening　himself　a　way；　that　he　might　not　be　encompassed　round　by　his　enemies　before　he　　　got　away　from　them。　Now　there　were　two　of　those　that　　　were　with　him；　but　at　some　distance；　the　one　of　which　the　enemy　compassed　round；　and　slew　him　with　their　darts；　　　and　his　horse　also；　but　the　other　they　slew　as　he　leaped　down　from　his　horse；　and　carried　off　his　horse　with　them。　But　Titus　escaped　with　the　rest；　and　came　safe　to　the　　　camp。　So　this　success　of　the　Jews'　first　attack　raised　their　minds；　and　gave　them　an　ill…grounded　hope；　and　this　short　inclination　of　fortune；　on　their　side；　made　them　very　　　courageous　for　the　future。　　　　　　3。　But　now；　as　soon　as　that　legion　that　had　been　at　　　Emmaus　was　joined　to　Caesar　at　night；　he　removed　　　thence；　when　it　was　day；　and　came　to　a　place　called　　　Seopus；　from　whence　the　city　began　already　to　be　seen；　　　and　a　plain　view　might　be　taken　of　the　great　temple。　　　Accordingly；　this　place；　on　the　north　quarter　of　the　city；　and　joining　thereto；　was　a　plain；　and　very　properly　named　　　Scopus；　＇the　prospect；＇　and　was　no　more　than　seven　　　furlongs　distant　from　it。　And　here　it　was　that　Titus　ordered　a　camp　to　be　fortified　for　two　legions　that　were　to　be　together；　but　ordered　another　camp　to　be　fortified；　at　three　furlongs　farther　distance　behind　them；　for　the　fifth　legion；　for　he　thought　that；　by　marching　in　the　night；　they　might　be　tired；　and　might　deserve　to　be　covered　from　the　enemy；　and　with　less　fear　might　fortify　themselves；　and　as　these　were　now　beginning　to　build；　the　tenth　legion；　who　came　through　　　Jericho；　was　already　come　to　the　place；　where　a　certain　　　party　of　armed　men　had　formerly　lain；　to　guard　that　pass　into　the　city；　and　had　been　taken　before　by　Vespasian。　　　These　legions　had　orders　to　encamp　at　the　distance　of　six　furlongs　from　Jerusalem；　at　the　mount　called　the　Mount　of　Olives　（8）　which　lies　over　against　the　city　on　the　east　side；　and　is　parted　from　it　by　a　deep　valley；　interposed　between　them；　which　is　named　Cedron。　　　　　　4。　Now　when　hitherto　the　several　parties　in　the　city　had　been　dashing　one　against　another　perpetually；　this　foreign　war；　now　suddenly　come　upon　them　after　a　violent　manner；　put　the　first　stop　to　their　contentions　one　against　another；　and　as　the　seditious　now　saw　with　astonishment　the　　　Romans　pitching　three　several　camps；　they　began　to　think　of　an　awkward　sort　of　concord；　and　said　one　to　another；　　　〃What　do　we　here；　and　what　do　we　mean；　when　we　suffer　　　three　fortified　walls　to　be　built　to　coop　us　in；　that　we　shall　not　be　able　to　breathe　freely？　while　the　enemy　is　securely　building　a　kind　of　city　in　opposition　to　us；　and　while　we　sit　still　within　our　own　walls；　and　become　spectators　only　of　what　they　are　doing；　with　our　hands　idle；　and　our　armor　laid　by；　as　if　they　were　about　somewhat　that　was　for　our　good　and　advantage。　We　are；　it　seems；　（so　did　they　cry　out；）　　　only　courageous　against　ourselves；　while　the　Romans　are　　　likely　to　gain　the　city　without　bloodshed　by　our　sedition。〃　Thus　did　they　encourage　one　another　when　they　were　　　gotten　together；　and　took　their　armor　immediately；　and　ran　out　upon　the　tenth　legion；　and　fell　upon　the　Romans　with　great　eagerness；　and　with　a　prodigious　shout；　as　they　were　fortifying　their　camp。　These　Romans　were　caught　in　　　different　parties；　and　this　in　order　to　perform　their　several　works；　and　on　that　account　had　in　great　measure　laid　aside　their　arms；　for　they　thought　the　Jews　would　not　have　　　ventured　to　make　a　sally　upon　them；　and　had　they　been　　　disposed　so　to　do；　they　supposed　their　sedition　would　have　distracted　them。　So　they　were　put　into　disorder　　　unexpectedly；　when　some　of　hem　left　their　works　they　were　about；　and　immediately　marched　off；　while　many　ran　to　　　their　arms；　but　were　smitten　and　slain　before　they　could　turn　back　upon　the　enemy。　The　Jews　became　still　more　　　and　more　in　number；　as　encouraged　by　the　good　success　　　of　those　that　first　made　the　attack；　and　while　they　had　such　good　fortune；　they　seemed　both　to　themselves　and　to　the　　　enemy　to　be　many　more　than　they　really　were。　The　　　disorderly　way　of　their　fighting　at　first　put　the　Romans　also　to　a　stand；　who　had　been　constantly　used　to　fight　skillfully　in　good　order；　and　with　keeping　their　ranks；　and　obeying　the　orders　that　were　given　them；　for　which　reason　the　　　Romans　were　caught　unexpectedly；　and　were　obliged　to　　　give　way　to　the　assaults　that　were　made　upon　them。　Now　　　when　these　Romans　were　overtaken；　and　turned　back　upon　　　the　Jews；　they　put　a　stop　to　their　career；　yet　when　they　did　not　take　care　enough　of　themselves　through　the　　　vehemency　of　their　pursuit；　they　were　wounded　by　them；　　　but　as　still　more　and　more　Jews　sallied　out　of　the　city；　the　Romans　were　at　length　brought　into　confusion；　and　put　to　fight；　and　ran　away　from　their　camp。　Nay；　things　looked　as　though　the　entire　legion　would　have　been　in　danger；　unless　Titus　had　been　informed　of　the　case　they　were　in；　and　had　sent　them　succors　immediately。　So　he　reproached　them　for　their　cowardice；　and　brought　those　back　that　were　running　away；　and　fell　himself　upon　the　Jews　on　their　flank；　with　those　select　troops　that　were　with　him；　and　slew　a　　　considerable　number；　and　wounded　more　of　them；　and　put　　　them　all　to　flight；　and　made　them　run　away　hastily　down　the　valley。　Now　as　these　Jews　suffered　greatly　in　the　declivity　of　the　valley；　so　when　they　were　gotten　over　it；　they　turned　about；　and　stood　over　against　the　Romans；　having　the　　　valley　between　them；　and　there　fought　with　them。　Thus　did　they　continue　the　fight　till　noon；　but　when　it　was　already　a　little　after　noon；　Titus　set　those　that　came　to　the　assistance　of　the　Romans　with　him；　and　those　that　belonged　to　the　　　cohorts；　to　prevent　the　Jews　from　making　any　more　sallies；　and　then　sent　the　rest　of　the　legion　to　the　upper　part　of　the　mountain；　to　fortify　their　camp。　　　　　　5。　This　march　of　the　Romans　seemed　to　the　Jews　to　be　a　　　flight；　and　as　the　watchman　who　was　placed　upon　the　wall　gave　a　signal　by　shaking　his　garment；　there　came　out　a　　　fresh　multitude　of　Jews；　and　that　with　such　mighty　violence；　that　one　might　compare　it　to　the　running　of　the　most　terrible　wild　beasts。　To　say　the　truth；　none　of　those　that　opposed　them　could　sustain　the　fury　with　which　they　made　their　　　attacks；　but；　as　if　they　had　been　cast　out　of　an　engine；　they　brake　the　enemies'　ranks　to　pieces；　who　were　put　to　flight；　and　ran　away　to　the　mountain；　none　but　Titus　himself；　and　a　few　others　with　him；　being　left　in　the　midst　of　the　acclivity。　Now　these　others；　who　were　his　friends；　despised　the　　　danger　they　were　in；　and　were　ashamed　to　leave　their　　　general；　earnestly　exhorting　him　to　give　way　to　these　Jews　that　are　fond　of　dying；　and　not　to　run　into　such　dangers　before　those　that　ought　to　stay　before　him；　to　consider　what　his　fortune　was；　and　not；　by　supplying　the　place　of　a　　　common　soldier；　to　venture　to　turn　back　upon　the　enemy　so　suddenly；　and　this　because　he　was　general　in　the　war；　and　lord　of　the　habitable　earth；　on　whose　preservation　the　　　public　affairs　do　all　depend。　These　persuasions　Titus　　　seemed　not　so　much　as　to　hear；　but　opposed　those　that　　　ran　upon　him；　and　smote　them　on　the　face；　and　when　he　　　had　forced　them　to　go　back；　he　slew　them：　he　also　fell　　　upon　great　numbers　as　they　marched　down　the　hill；　and　　　thrust　them　forward；　while　those　men　were　so　amazed　at　　　his　courage　and　his　strength；　that　they　could　not　fly　directly　to　the　city；　but　declined　from　him　on　both　sides；　and　　　pressed　after　those　that　fled　up　the　hill；　yet　did　he　still　fall　upon　their　flank；　and　put　a　stop　to　their　fury。　In　the　mean　time；　a　disorder　and　a　terror　fell　again　upon　those　that　were　fortifying　their　camp　at　the　top　of　the　hill；　upon　their　seeing　those　beneath　them　running　away；　insomuch　that　the　whole　legion　was　dispersed；　while　they　thought　that　the　sallies　of　the　Jews　upon　them　were　plainly　insupportable；　and　that　　　Titus　was　himself　put　to　flight；　because　they　took　it　for　granted；　that；　if　he　had　staid；　the　rest　would　never　have　fled　for　it。　Thus　were　they　encompassed　on　every　side　by　a　kind　of　panic　fear；　and　some　dispersed　themselves　one　way；　　　and　some　another；　till　certain　of　them　saw　their　general　in　the　very　midst　of　an　action；　and　being　under　great　concern　for　him；　they　loudly　proclaimed　the　danger　he　was　in　to　the　entire　legion；　and　now　shame　made　them　turn　back；　and　　　they　reproached　one　another　that　they　did　worse　than　run　away；　by　deserting　Caesar。　So　they　used　their　utmost　force　against　the　Jews；　and　declining　from　the　straight　declivity；　they　drove　them　on　heaps　into　the　bottom　of　the　valley。　　　Then　did　the　Jews　turn　about　and　fight　them；　but　as　they　were　themselves　retiring；　and　now；　because　the　Romans　　　had　the　advantage　of　the　ground；　and　were　above　the　　　Jews；　they　drove　them　all　into　the　valley。　Titus　also　pressed　upon　those　that　were　near　him；　and　sent　the