who　would　carry　them　into　captivity　were　just　at　hand；　and　still　turned　themselves　back　at　the　mere　noise　they　made　themselves　in　this　their　hasty　flight；　as　if　those　from　whom　they　fled　were　just　upon　them。　Many　also　of　them　missed　their　ways；　and　the　earnestness　of　such　as　aimed　to　outgo　the　rest　threw　down　many　of　them。　And　indeed　there　was　a　miserable　　　destruction　made　of　the　women　and　children；　while　some　of　them　took　courage　to　call　their　husbands　and　kinsmen　back；　and　to　beseech　them；　with　the　bitterest　lamentations；　to　stay　for　them；　but　John's　exhortation；　who　cried　out　to　them　to　save　themselves；　and　fly　away；　prevailed。　He　said　also；　that　if　the　Romans　should　seize　upon　those　whom　they　left　behind；　they　would　be　revenged　on　them　for　it。　So　this　multitude　that　run　thus　away　was　dispersed　abroad；　according　as　each　of　them　was　able　to　run；　one　faster　or　slower　than　another。　　　　5。　Now　on　the　next　day　Titus　came　to　the　wall；　to　make　the　agreement；　whereupon　the　people　opened　their　gates　to　him；　and　came　out　to　him；　with　their　children　and　wives；　and　　　made　acclamations　of　joy　to　him；　as　to　one　that　had　been　their　benefactor；　and　had　delivered　the　city　out　of　custody；　they　also　informed　him　of　John's　flight；　and　besought　him　to　spare　them；　and　to　come　in；　and　bring　the　rest　of　those　that　were　for　innovations　to　punishment。　But　Titus；　not　so　much　regarding　the　supplications　of　the　people；　sent　part　of　his　horsemen　to　pursue　after　John；　but　they　could　not　overtake　him；　for　he　was　gotten　to　Jerusalem　before；　they　also　slew　six　thousand　of　the　women　and　children　who　went　out　with　him；　but　returned　back；　and　brought　with　them　almost　three　　　thousand。　However；　Titus　was　greatly　displeased　that　he　had　not　been　able　to　bring　this　John；　who　had　deluded　him；　to　punishment；　yet　he　had　captives　enough；　as　well　as　the　　　corrupted　part　of　the　city；　to　satisfy　his　anger；　when　it　missed　of　John。　So　he　entered　the　city　in　the　midst　of　acclamations　of　joy；　and　when　he　had　given　orders　to　the　soldiers　to　pull　down　a　small　part　of　the　wall；　as　of　a　city　taken　in　war；　he　repressed　those　that　had　disturbed　the　city　rather　by　　　threatenings　than　by　executions；　for　he　thought　that　many　would　accuse　innocent　persons；　out　of　their　own　private　　　animosities　and　quarrels；　if　he　should　attempt　to　distinguish　those　that　were　worthy　of　punishment　from　the　rest；　and　that　it　was　better　to　let　a　guilty　person　alone　in　his　fears；　that　to　destroy　with　him　any　one　that　did　not　deserve　it；　for　that　probably　such　a　one　might　be　taught　prudence；　by　the　fear　of　the　punishment　he　had　deserved；　and　have　a　shame　upon　him　for　his　former　offenses；　when　he　had　been　forgiven；　but　that　the　punishment　of　such　as　have　been　once　put　to　death　could　never　be　retrieved。　However；　he　placed　a　garrison　in　the　city　for　its　security；　by　which　means　he　should　restrain　those　that　were　for　innovations；　and　should　leave　those　that　were　　　peaceably　disposed　in　greater　security。　And　thus　was　all　Galilee　taken；　but　this　not　till　after　it　had　cost　the　Romans　much　pains　before　it　could　be　taken　by　them。　　　　　　　　　　CHAPTER　3。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Concerning　John　Of　Gischala。　Concerning　The　Zealots　And　The　High　Priest　Ananus；　As　Also　How　The　Jews　Raise　Seditions　One　Against　　　　　Another　＇In　Jerusalem＇。　　　　　　　　　　　　1。　Now　upon　John's　entry　into　Jerusalem；　the　whole　body　of　the　people　were　in　an　uproar；　and　ten　thousand　of　them　　　crowded　about　every　one　of　the　fugitives　that　were　come　to　them；　and　inquired　of　them　what　miseries　had　happened　　　abroad；　when　their　breath　was　so　short；　and　hot；　and　quick；　that　of　itself　it　declared　the　great　distress　they　were　in；　yet　did　they　talk　big　under　their　misfortunes；　and　pretended　to　say　that　they　had　not　fled　away　from　the　Romans；　but　came　thither　in　order　to　fight　them　with　less　hazard；　for　that　it　would　be　an　unreasonable　and　a　fruitless　thing　for　them　to　expose　themselves　to　desperate　hazards　about　Gischala；　and　such　weak　cities；　whereas　they　ought　to　lay　up　their　weapons　and　their　zeal；　and　reserve　it　for　their　metropolis。　But　when　they　related　to　them　the　taking　of　Gischala；　and　their　decent　departure；　as　they　pretended；　from　that　place；　many　of　the　people　understood　it　to　be　no　better　than　a　flight；　and　　　especially　when　the　people　were　told　of　those　that　were　made　captives；　they　were　in　great　confusion；　and　guessed　those　things　to　be　plain　indications　that　they　should　be　taken　also。　But　for　John；　he　was　very　little　concerned　for　those　whom　he　had　left　behind　him；　but　went　about　among　all　the　people；　and　persuaded　them　to　go　to　war；　by　the　hopes　he　gave　　　them。　He　affirmed　that　the　affairs　of　the　Romans　were　in　a　weak　condition；　and　extolled　his　own　power。　He　also　jested　upon　the　ignorance　of　the　unskillful；　as　if　those　Romans；　although　they　should　take　to　themselves　wings；　could　never　fly　over　the　wall　of　Jerusalem；　who　found　such　great　　　difficulties　in　taking　the　villages　of　Galilee；　and　had　broken　their　engines　of　war　against　their　walls。　　　　　　2。　These　harangues　of　John's　corrupted　a　great　part　of　the　young　men；　and　puffed　them　up　for　the　war；　but　as　to　the　more　prudent　part；　and　those　in　years；　there　was　not　a　man　of　them　but　foresaw　what　was　coming；　and　made　lamentation　on　that　account；　as　if　the　city　was　already　undone；　and　in　this　confusion　were　the　people。　But　then　it　must　be　observed；　that　the　multitude　that　came　out　of　the　country　were　at　discord　before　the　Jerusalem　sedition　began；　for　Titus　went　from　Gischala　to　Cesates；　and　Vespasian　from　Cesarea　to　Jamnia　and　Azotus；　and　took　them　both；　and　when　he　had　put　　　garrisons　into　them；　he　came　back　with　a　great　number　of　the　people；　who　were　come　over　to　him；　upon　his　giving　them　his　right　hand　for　their　preservation。　There　were　besides　　　disorders　and　civil　wars　in　every　city；　and　all　those　that　were　at　quiet　from　the　Romans　turned　their　hands　one　against　　　another。　There　was　also　a　bitter　contest　between　those　that　were　fond　of　war；　and　those　that　were　desirous　for　peace。　At　the　first　this　quarrelsome　temper　caught　hold　of　private　families；　who　could　not　agree　among　themselves；　after　which　those　people　that　were　the　dearest　to　one　another　brake　　　through　all　restraints　with　regard　to　each　other；　and　every　one　associated　with　those　of　his　own　opinion；　and　began　　　already　to　stand　in　opposition　one　to　another；　so　that　　　seditions　arose　every　where；　while　those　that　were　for　　　innovations；　and　were　desirous　of　war；　by　their　youth　and　boldness；　were　too　hard　for　the　aged　and　prudent　men。　And；　in　the　first　place；　all　the　people　of　every　place　betook　themselves　to　rapine；　after　which　they　got　together　in　bodies；　in　order　to　rob　the　people　of　the　country；　insomuch　that　for　barbarity　and　iniquity　those　of　the　same　nation　did　no　way　differ　from　the　Romans；　nay；　it　seemed　to　be　a　much　lighter　thing　to　be　ruined　by　the　Romans　than　by　themselves。　　　　　　3。　Now　the　Roman　garrisons；　which　guarded　the　cities；　partly　out　of　their　uneasiness　to　take　such　trouble　upon　them；　and　partly　out　of　the　hatred　they　bare　to　the　Jewish　nation；　did　little　or　nothing　towards　relieving　the　miserable；　till　the　captains　of　these　troops　of　robbers；　being　satiated　with　rapines　in　the　country；　got　all　together　from　all　parts；　and　became　a　band　of　wickedness；　and　all　together　crept　into　Jerusalem；　which　was　now　become　a　city　without　a　governor；　and；　as　the　ancient　custom　was；　received　without　distinction　all　that　belonged　to　their　nation；　and　these　they　then　　　received；　because　all　men　supposed　that　those　who　came　so　fast　into　the　city　came　out　of　kindness；　and　for　their　　　assistance；　although　these　very　men；　besides　the　seditions　they　raised；　were　otherwise　the　direct　cause　of　the　city's　destruction　also；　for　as　they　were　an　unprofitable　and　a　useless　multitude；　they　spent　those　provisions　beforehand　which　might　otherwise　have　been　sufficient　for　the　fighting　men。　Moreover；　besides　the　bringing　on　of　the　war；　they　were　the　occasions　of　sedition　and　famine　therein。　　　　　　4。　There　were　besides　these　other　robbers　that　came　out　of　the　country；　and　came　into　the　city；　and　joining　to　them　those　that　were　worse　than　themselves；　omitted　no　kind　of　　　barbarity；　for　they　did　not　measure　their　courage　by　their　rapines　and　plunderings　only；　but　preceded　as　far　as　　　murdering　men；　and　this　not　in　the　night　time　or　privately；　or　with　regard　to　ordinary　men；　but　did　it　openly　in　the　day　time；　and　began　with　the　most　eminent　persons　in　the　city；　for　the　first　man　they　meddled　with　was　Antipas；　one　of　the　royal　lineage；　and　the　most　potent　man　in　the　whole　city；　insomuch　that　the　public　treasures　were　committed　to　his　care；　him　they　took　and　confined；　as　they　did　in　the　next　place　to　Levias；　a　person　of　great　note；　with　Sophas；　the　son　of　Raguel；　both　which　were　of　royal　lineage　also。　And　besides　these；　they　did　the　same　to　the　principal　men　of　the　country。　This　caused　a　terrible　consternation　among　the　people；　and　everyone　contented　himself　with　taking　care　of　his　own　　　safety；　as　they　would　do　if　the　city　had　been　taken　in　war。　　　　5。　But　these　were　not　satisfied　with　the　bonds　into　which　they　had　put　the　men　forementioned；　nor　did　they　think　it　safe　for　them　to　keep　them　thus　in　custody　long；　since　they　were　men　very　powerful；　and　had　numerous