ied　out　to　Sabinus　and　his　party；　that　they　should　go　their　ways；　and　not　prove　a　hinderance　to　them；　now　they　hoped；　after　a　long　time；　to　recover　that　ancient　liberty　which　their　forefathers　had　enjoyed。　Sabinus　indeed　was　well　contented　to　get　out　of　the　danger　he　was　in；　but　he　distrusted　the　assurances　the　Jews　gave　him；　and　suspected　such　gentle　treatment　was　but　a　bait　laid　as　a　snare　for　them：　this　consideration；　together　with　the　hopes　he　had　of　succor　from　Varus；　made　him　bear　the　siege　still　longer。
  CHAPTER　4。
  Herod's　Veteran　Soldiers　Become　Tumultuous。　The　Robberies　Of　Judas。　Simon　And　Athronoeus　Take　The　Name　Of　King　Upon　Them。　　1。　At　this　time　there　were　great　disturbances　in　the　country；　and　that　in　many　places；　and　the　opportunity　that　now　offered　itself　induced　a　great　many　to　set　up　for　kings。　And　indeed　in　Idumea　two　thousand　of　Herod's　veteran　soldiers　got　together；　and　armed　and　fought　against　those　of　the　king's　party；　against　whom　Achiabus；　the　king's　first　cousin；　fought；　and　that　out　of　some　of　the　places　that　were　the　most　strongly　fortified；　but　so　as　to　avoid　a　direct　conflict　with　them　in　the　plains。　In　Sepphoris　also；　a　city　of　Galilee；　there　was　one　Judas　（the　son　of　that　arch…robber　Hezekias；　who　formerly　overran　the　country；　and　had　been　subdued　by　king　Herod）；　this　man　got　no　small　multitude　together；　and　brake　open　the　place　where　the　royal　armor　was　laid　up；　and　armed　those　about　him；　and　attacked　those　that　were　so　earnest　to　gain　the　dominion。
  2。　In　Perea　also；　Simon；　one　of　the　servants　to　the　king；　relying　upon　the　handsome　appearance　and　tallness　of　his　body；　put　a　diadem　upon　his　own　head　also；　he　also　went　about　with　a　company　of　robbers　that　he　had　gotten　together；　and　burnt　down　the　royal　palace　that　was　at　Jericho；　and　many　other　costly　edifices　besides；　and　procured　himself　very　easily　spoils　by　rapine；　as　snatching　them　out　of　the　fire。　And　he　had　soon　burnt　down　all　the　fine　edifices；　if　Gratus；　the　captain　of　the　foot　of　the　king's　party；　had　not　taken　the　Trachonite　archers；　and　the　most　warlike　of　Sebaste；　and　met　the　man。　His　footmen　were　slain　in　the　battle　in　abundance；　Gratus　also　cut　to　pieces　Simon　himself；　as　he　was　flying　along　a　strait　valley；　when　he　gave　him　an　oblique　stroke　upon　his　neck；　as　he　ran　away；　and　brake　it。　The　royal　palaces　that　were　near　Jordan　at　Betharamptha　were　also　burnt　down　by　some　other　of　the　seditious　that　came　out　of　Perea。　　3。　At　this　time　it　was　that　a　certain　shepherd　ventured　to　set　himself　up　for　a　king；　he　was　called　Athrongeus。　It　was　his　strength　of　body　that　made　him　expect　such　a　dignity；　as　well　as　his　soul；　which　despised　death；　and　besides　these　qualifications；　he　had　four　brethren　like　himself。　He　put　a　troop　of　armed　men　under　each　of　these　his　brethren；　and　made　use　of　them　as　his　generals　and　commanders；　when　he　made　his　incursions；　while　he　did　himself　act　like　a　king；　and　meddled　only　with　the　more　important　affairs；　and　at　this　time　he　put　a　diadem　about　his　head；　and　continued　after　that　to　overrun　the　country　for　no　little　time　with　his　brethren；　and　became　their　leader　in　killing　both　the　Romans　and　those　of　the　king's　party；　nor　did　any　Jew　escape　him；　if　any　gain　could　accrue　to　him　thereby。　He　once　ventured　to　encompass　a　whole　troop　of　Romans　at　Emmaus；　who　were　carrying　corn　and　weapons　to　their　legion；　his　men　therefore　shot　their　arrows　and　darts；　and　thereby　slew　their　centurion　Arius；　and　forty　of　the　stoutest　of　his　men；　while　the　rest　of　them；　who　were　in　danger　of　the　same　fate；　upon　the　coming　of　Gratus；　with　those　of　Sebaste；　to　their　assistance；　escaped。　And　when　these　men　had　thus　served　both　their　own　countrymen　and　foreigners；　and　that　through　this　whole　war；　three　of　them　were；　after　some　time；　subdued；　the　eldest　by　Archelaus；　the　two　next　by　falling　into　the　hands　of　Gratus　and　Ptolemeus；　but　the　fourth　delivered　himself　up　to　Archelaus；　upon　his　giving　him　his　right　hand　for　his　security。　However；　this　their　end　was　not　till　afterward；　while　at　present　they　filled　all　Judea　with　a　piratic　war。　　CHAPTER　5。
  Varus　Composes　The　Tumults　In　Judea　And　Crucifies　About　Two　Thousand　Of　The　Seditious。
  1。　Upon　Varus's　reception　of　the　letters　that　were　written　by　Sabinus　and　the　captains；　he　could　not　avoid　being　afraid　for　the　whole　legion　＇he　had　left　there＇。　So　he　made　haste　to　their　relief；　and　took　with　him　the　other　two　legions；　with　the　four　troops　of　horsemen　to　them　belonging；　and　marched　to　Ptolenlais；　having　given　orders　for　the　auxiliaries　that　were　sent　by　the　kings　and　governors　of　cities　to　meet　him　there。　Moreover；　he　received　from　the　people　of　Berytus；　as　he　passed　through　their　city；　fifteen　hundred　armed　men。　Now　as　soon　as　the　other　body　of　auxiliaries　were　come　to　Ptolemais；　as　well　as　Aretas　the　Arabian；　（who；　out　of　the　hatred　he　bore　to　Herod；　brought　a　great　army　of　horse　and　foot；）　Varus　sent　a　part　of　his　army　presently　to　Galilee；　which　lay　near　to　Ptolemais；　and　Caius；　one　of　his　friends；　for　their　captain。　This　Caius　put　those　that　met　him　to　flight；　and　took　the　city　Sepphoris；　and　burnt　it；　and　made　slaves　of　its　inhabitants；　but　as　for　Varus　himself；　he　marched　to　Samaria　with　his　whole　army；　where　he　did　not　meddle　with　the　city　itself；　because　he　found　that　it　had　made　no　commotion　during　these　troubles；　but　pitched　his　camp　about　a　certain　village　which　was　called　Aras。　It　belonged　to　Ptolemy；　and　on　that　account　was　plundered　by　the　Arabians；　who　were　very　angry　even　at　Herod's　friends　also。　He　thence　marched　on　to　the　village　Sampho；　another　fortified　place；　which　they　plundered；　as　they　had　done　the　other。　As　they　carried　off　all　the　money　they　lighted　upon　belonging　to　the　public　revenues；　all　was　now　full　of　fire　and　blood…shed；　and　nothing　could　resist　the　plunders　of　the　Arabians。　Emnaus　was　also　burnt；　upon　the　flight　of　its　inhabitants；　and　this　at　the　command　of　Varus；　out　of　his　rage　at　the　slaughter　of　those　that　were　about　Arias。
  2。　Thence　he　marched　on　to　Jerusalem；　and　as　soon　as　he　was　but　seen　by　the　Jews；　he　made　their　camps　disperse　themselves；　they　also　went　away；　and　fled　up　and　down　the　country。　But　the　citizens　received　him；　and　cleared　themselves　of　having　any　hand　in　this　revolt；　and　said　that　they　had　raised　no　commotions；　but　had　only　been　forced　to　admit　the　multitude；　because　of　the　festival；　and　that　they　were　rather　besieged　together　with　the　Romans；　than　assisted　those　that　had　revolted。　There　had　before　this　met　him　Joseph；　the　first　cousin　of　Archelaus；　and　Gratus；　together　with　Rufus；　who　led　those　of　Sebaste；　as　well　as　the　king's　army：　there　also　met　him　those　of　the　Roman　legion；　armed　after　their　accustomed　manner；　for　as　to　Sabinus；　he　durst　not　come　into　Varus's　sight；　but　was　gone　out　of　the　city　before　this；　to　the　sea…side。　But　Varus　sent　a　part　of　his　army　into　the　country；　against　those　that　had　been　the　authors　of　this　commotion；　and　as　they　caught　great　numbers　of　them；　those　that　appeared　to　have　been　the　least　concerned　in　these　tumults　he　put　into　custody；　but　such　as　were　the　most　guilty　he　crucified；　these　were　in　number　about　two　thousand。
  3。　He　was　also　informed　that　there　continued　in　Idumea　ten　thousand　men　still　in　arms；　but　when　he　found　that　the　Arabians　did　not　act　like　auxiliaries；　but　managed　the　war　according　to　their　own　passions；　and　did　mischief　to　the　country　otherwise　than　he　intended；　and　this　out　of　their　hatred　to　Herod；　he　sent　them　away；　but　made　haste；　with　his　own　legions；　to　march　against　those　that　had　revolted；　but　these；　by　the　advice　of　Achiabus；　delivered　themselves　up　to　him　before　it　came　to　a　battle。　Then　did　Varus　forgive　the　multitude　their　offenses；　but　sent　their　captains　to　Caesar　to　be　examined　by　him。　Now　Caesar　forgave　the　rest；　but　gave　orders　that　certain　of　the　king's　relations　（for　some　of　those　that　were　among　them　were　Herod's　kinsmen）　should　be　put　to　death；　because　they　had　engaged　in　a　war　against　a　king　of　their　own　family。　When　therefore　Varus　had　settled　matters　at　Jerusalem　after　this　manner；　and　had　left　the　former　legion　there　as　a　garrison；　he　returned　to　Antioch。
  CHAPTER　6。
  The　Jews　Greatly　Complain　Of　Archelaus　And　Desire　That　They　May　Be　Made　Subject　To　Roman　Governors。　But　When　Caesar　Had　Heard　What　They　Had　To　Say；　He　Distributed　Herod's　Dominions　Among　His　Sons　According　To　His　Own　Pleasure。
  1。　But　now　came　another　accusation　from　the　Jews　against　Archelaus　at　Rome；　which　he　was　to　answer　to。　It　was　made　by　those　ambassadors　who；　before　the　revolt；　had　come；　by　Varus's　permission；　to　plead　for　the　liberty　of　their　country；　those　that　came　were　fifty　in　number；　but　there　were　more　than　eight　thousand　of　the　Jews　at　Rome　who　supported　them。　And　when　Caesar　had　assembled　a　council　of　the　principal　Romans　in　Apollo's　（2）　temple；　that　was　in　the　palace；　（this　was　what　he　had　himself　built　and　adorned；　at　a　vast　expense；）　the　multitude　of　the　Jews　stood　with　the　ambassadors；　and　on　the　other　side　stood　Archelaus；　with　his　friends；　but　as　for　the　kindred　of　Archelaus；　they　stood　on　neither　side；　for　to　stand　on　Archelaus's　side；　their　hatred　to　him；　and　envy　at　him；　would　not　give　them　leave；　while　yet　they　were　afraid　to　be　seen　by　Caesar　with　hi