4。　Now　Judas；　supposing　that　Antiochus　would　not　lie　still；　gathered　an　army　out　of　his　own　countrymen；　and　was　the　first　that　made　a　league　of　friendship　with　the　Romans；　and　drove　Epiphanes　out　of　the　country　when　he　had　made　a　second　expedition　into　it；　and　this　by　giving　him　a　great　defeat　there；　and　when　he　was　warmed　by　this　great　success；　he　made　an　assault　upon　the　garrison　that　was　in　the　city；　for　it　had　not　been　cut　off　hitherto；　so　he　ejected　them　out　of　the　upper　city；　and　drove　the　soldiers　into　the　lower；　which　part　of　the　city　was　called　the　Citadel。　He　then　got　the　temple　under　his　power；　and　cleansed　the　whole　place；　and　walled　it　round　about；　and　made　new　vessels　for　sacred　ministrations；　and　brought　them　into　the　temple；　because　the　former　vessels　had　been　profaned。　He　also　built　another　altar；　and　began　to　offer　the　sacrifices；　and　when　the　city　had　already　received　its　sacred　constitution　again；　Antiochus　died；　whose　son　Antiochus　succeeded　him　in　the　kingdom；　and　in　his　hatred　to　the　Jews　also。
  5。　So　this　Antiochus　got　together　fifty　thousand　footmen；　and　five　thousand　horsemen；　and　fourscore　elephants；　and　marched　through　Judea　into　the　mountainous　parts。　He　then　took　Bethsura；　which　was　a　small　city；　but　at　a　place　called　Bethzacharis；　where　the　passage　was　narrow；　Judas　met　him　with　his　army。　However；　before　the　forces　joined　battle；　Judas's　brother　Eleazar；　seeing　the　very　highest　of　the　elephants　adorned　with　a　large　tower；　and　with　military　trappings　of　gold　to　guard　him；　and　supposing　that　Antiochus　himself　was　upon　him；　he　ran　a　great　way　before　his　own　army；　and　cutting　his　way　through　the　enemy's　troops；　he　got　up　to　the　elephant；　yet　could　he　not　reach　him　who　seemed　to　be　the　king；　by　reason　of　his　being　so　high；　but　still　he　ran　his　weapon　into　the　belly　of　the　beast；　and　brought　him　down　upon　himself；　and　was　crushed　to　death；　having　done　no　more　than　attempted　great　things；　and　showed　that　he　preferred　glory　before　life。　Now　he　that　governed　the　elephant　was　but　a　private　man；　and　had　he　proved　to　be　Antiochus；　Eleazar　had　performed　nothing　more　by　this　bold　stroke　than　that　it　might　appear　he　chose　to　die；　when　he　had　the　bare　hope　of　thereby　doing　a　glorious　action；　nay；　this　disappointment　proved　an　omen　to　his　brother　＇Judas＇　how　the　entire　battle　would　end。　It　is　true　that　the　Jews　fought　it　out　bravely　for　a　long　time；　but　the　king's　forces；　being　superior　in　number；　and　having　fortune　on　their　side；　obtained　the　victory。　And　when　a　great　many　of　his　men　were　slain；　Judas　took　the　rest　with　him；　and　fled　to　the　toparchy　of　Gophna。　So　Antiochus　went　to　Jerusalem；　and　staid　there　but　a　few　days；　for　he　wanted　provisions；　and　so　he　went　his　way。　He　left　indeed　a　garrison　behind　him；　such　as　he　thought　sufficient　to　keep　the　place；　but　drew　the　rest　of　his　army　off；　to　take　their　winter…quarters　in　Syria。
  6。　Now；　after　the　king　was　departed；　Judas　was　not　idle；　for　as　many　of　his　own　nation　came　to　him；　so　did　he　gather　those　that　had　escaped　out　of　the　battle　together；　and　gave　battle　again　to　Antiochus's　generals　at　a　village　called　Adasa；　and　being　too　hard　for　his　enemies　in　the　battle；　and　killing　a　great　number　of　them；　he　was　at　last　himself　slain　also。　Nor　was　it　many　days　afterward　that　his　brother　John　had　a　plot　laid　against　him　by　Antiochus's　party；　and　was　slain　by　them。
  CHAPTER　2。
  Concerning　The　Successors　Of　Judas；　Who　Were　Jonathan　And　Simon；　And　John　Hyrcanus。
  1。　When　Jonathan；　who　was　Judas's　brother；　succeeded　him；　he　behaved　himself　with　great　circumspection　in　other　respects；　with　relation　to　his　own　people；　and　he　corroborated　his　authority　by　preserving　his　friendship　with　the　Romans。　He　also　made　a　league　with　Antiochus　the　son。　Yet　was　not　all　this　sufficient　for　his　security；　for　the　tyrant　Trypho；　who　was　guardian　to　Antiochus's　son；　laid　a　plot　against　him；　and　besides　that；　endeavored　to　take　off　his　friends；　and　caught　Jonathan　by　a　wile；　as　he　was　going　to　Ptolemais　to　Antiochus；　with　a　few　persons　in　his　company；　and　put　him　in　bonds；　and　then　made　an　expedition　against　the　Jews；　but　when　he　was　afterward　driven　away　by　Simon；　who　was　Jonathan's　brother；　and　was　enraged　at　his　defeat；　he　put　Jonathan　to　death。
  2。　However；　Simon　managed　the　public　affairs　after　a　courageous　manner；　and　took　Gazara；　and　Joppa；　and　Jamnia；　which　were　cities　in　his　neighborhood。　He　also　got　the　garrison　under；　and　demolished　the　citadel。　He　was　afterward　an　auxiliary　to　Antiochus；　against　Trypho；　whom　he　besieged　in　Dora；　before　he　went　on　his　expedition　against　the　Medes；　yet　could　not　he　make　the　king　ashamed　of　his　ambition；　though　he　had　assisted　him　in　killing　Trypho；　for　it　was　not　long　ere　Antiochus　sent　Cendebeus　his　general　with　an　army　to　lay　waste　Judea；　and　to　subdue　Simon；　yet　he；　though　he　was　now　in　years；　conducted　the　war　as　if　he　were　a　much　younger　man。　He　also　sent　his　sons　with　a　band　of　strong　men　against　Antiochus；　while　he　took　part　of　the　army　himself　with　him；　and　fell　upon　him　from　another　quarter。　He　also　laid　a　great　many　men　in　ambush　in　many　places　of　the　mountains；　and　was　superior　in　all　his　attacks　upon　them；　and　when　he　had　been　conqueror　after　so　glorious　a　manner；　he　was　made　high　priest；　and　also　freed　the　Jews　from　the　dominion　of　the　Macedonians；　after　one　hundred　and　seventy　years　of　the　empire　＇of　Seleucus＇。
  3。　This　Simon　also　had　a　plot　laid　against　him；　and　was　slain　at　a　feast　by　his　son…in…law　Ptolemy；　who　put　his　wife　and　two　sons　into　prison；　and　sent　some　persons　to　kill　John；　who　was　also　called　Hyrcanus。　（2）　But　when　the　young　man　was　informed　of　their　coming　beforehand；　he　made　haste　to　get　to　the　city；　as　having　a　very　great　confidence　in　the　people　there；　both　on　account　of　the　memory　of　the　glorious　actions　of　his　father；　and　of　the　hatred　they　could　not　but　bear　to　the　injustice　of　Ptolemy。　Ptolemy　also　made　an　attempt　to　get　into　the　city　by　another　gate；　but　was　repelled　by　the　people；　who　had　just　then　admitted　of　Hyrcanus；　so　he　retired　presently　to　one　of　the　fortresses　that　were　about　Jericho；　which　was　called　Dagon。　Now　when　Hyrcanus　had　received　the　high　priesthood；　which　his　father　had　held　before；　and　had　offered　sacrifice　to　God；　he　made　great　haste　to　attack　Ptolemy；　that　he　might　afford　relief　to　his　mother　and　brethren。
  4。　So　he　laid　siege　to　the　fortress；　and　was　superior　to　Ptolemy　in　other　respects；　but　was　overcome　by　him　as　to　the　just　affection　＇he　had　for　his　relations＇；　for　when　Ptolemy　was　distressed；　he　brought　forth　his　mother；　and　his　brethren；　and　set　them　upon　the　wall；　and　beat　them　with　rods　in　every　body's　sight；　and　threatened；　that　unless　he　would　go　away　immediately；　he　would　throw　them　down　headlong；　at　which　sight　Hyrcanus's　commiseration　and　concern　were　too　hard　for　his　anger。　But　his　mother　was　not　dismayed；　neither　at　the　stripes　she　received；　nor　at　the　death　with　which　she　was　threatened；　but　stretched　out　her　hands；　and　prayed　her　son　not　to　be　moved　with　the　injuries　that　she　suffered　to　spare　the　wretch；　since　it　was　to　her　better　to　die　by　the　means　of　Ptolemy；　than　to　live　ever　so　long；　provided　he　might　be　punished　for　the　injuries　he　done　to　their　family。　Now　John's　case　was　this：　When　he　considered　the　courage　of　his　mother；　and　heard　her　entreaty；　he　set　about　his　attacks；　but　when　he　saw　her　beaten；　and　torn　to　pieces　with　the　stripes；　he　grew　feeble；　and　was　entirely　overcome　by　his　affections。　And　as　the　siege　was　delayed　by　this　means；　the　year　of　rest　came　on；　upon　which　the　Jews　rest　every　seventh　year　as　they　do　on　every　seventh　day。　On　this　year；　therefore；　Ptolemy　was　freed　from　being　besieged；　and　slew　the　brethren　of　John；　with　their　mother；　and　fled　to　Zeno；　who　was　also　called　Cotylas；　who　was　tyrant　of　Philadelphia。
  5。　And　now　Antiochus　was　so　angry　at　what　he　had　suffered　from　Simon；　that　he　made　an　expedition　into　Judea；　and　sat　down　before　Jerusalem　and　besieged　Hyrcanus；　but　Hyrcanus　opened　the　sepulcher　of　David；　who　was　the　richest　of　all　kings；　and　took　thence　about　three　thousand　talents　in　money；　and　induced　Antiochus；　by　the　promise　of　three　thousand　talents；　to　raise　the　siege。　Moreover；　he　was　the　first　of　the　Jews　that　had　money　enough；　and　began　to　hire　foreign　auxiliaries　also。
  6。　However；　at　another　time；　when　Antiochus　was　gone　upon　an　expedition　against　the　Medes；　and　so　gave　Hyrcanus　an　opportunity　of　being　revenged　upon　him；　he　immediately　made　an　attack　upon　the　cities　of　Syria；　as　thinking；　what　proved　to　be　the　case　with　them；　that　he　should　find　them　empty　of　god　troops。　So　he　took　Medaba　and　Samea；　with　the　towns　in　their　neighborhood；　as　also　Shechem；　and　Gerizzim；　and　besides　these；　＇he　subdued＇　the　nation　of　the　Cutheans；　who　dwelt　round　about　that　temple　which　was　built　in　imitation　of　the　temple　at　Jerusalem；　he　also　took　a　great　many　other　cities　of　Idumea；　with　Adoreon　and　Marissa。　　7。　He　also　proceeded　as　far　as　Samaria；　where　is　now　the　city　Sebaste；　which　was　built　by　Herod　the　king；　and　encompassed　it　all　round　with　a　wall；　and　set　his　sons；　Aristobulus　and　Antigonus；　over　the　siege；　who　pushed　it　on　so　hard；　that　a　famine　so　far　prevailed　within　the　city；　that　they　were　forced　to　eat　what　never　was　est