第 2 节
作者:小秋      更新:2021-02-17 23:16      字数:9322
  with considerable slaughter of the Cappadocians; and yet greater of
  the Armenian succours; in expelling Gordius and establishing
  Ariobarzanes as king。
  During his stay on the banks of the Euphrates; there came to him
  Orobazus; a Parthian; ambassador from King Arsaces; as yet there
  having been no correspondence between the two nations。 And this also
  we may lay to the account of Sylla's felicity; that he should be the
  first Roman to whom the Parthians made address for alliance and
  friendship。 At the time of which reception; the story is; that; having
  ordered three chairs of state to be set; one for Ariobarzanes; one for
  Orobazus; and a third for himself; he placed himself in the middle;
  and so gave audience。 For this the King of Parthia afterwards put
  Orobazus to death。 Some people commended Sylla for his lofty
  carriage towards the barbarians; others again accused him of arrogance
  and unseasonable display。 It is reported that a certain Chaldaean;
  of Orobazus's retinue; looking Sylla wistfully in the face; and
  observing carefully the motions of his mind and body; and forming a
  judgment of his nature; according to the rules of his art; said that
  it was impossible for him not to become the greatest of men; it was
  rather a wonder how he could even then abstain from being head of all。
  At his return; Censorinus impeached him of extortion; for having
  exacted a vast sum of money from a well…affected and associate
  kingdom。 However; Censorinus did not appear at the trial; but
  dropped his accusation。 His quarrel; meantime; with Marius began to
  break out afresh; receiving new material from the ambition of Bocchus;
  who; to please the people of Rome; and gratify Sylla; set up in the
  temple of Jupiter Capitolinus images bearing trophies; and a
  representation in gold of the surrender of Jugurtha to Sylla。 When
  Marius; in great anger; attempted to pull them down; and others
  aided Sylla; the whole city would have been in tumult and commotion
  with this dispute; had not the Social War; which had long lain
  smouldering; blazed forth at last; and for the present put an end to
  the quarrel。
  In the course of this war; which had many great changes of
  fortune; and which; more than any; afflicted the Romans; and;
  indeed; endangered the very being of the Commonwealth; Marius was
  not able to signalize his valour in any action; but left behind him
  a clear proof; that warlike excellence requires a strong and still
  vigorous body。 Sylla; on the other hand; by his many achievements;
  gained himself; with his fellow…citizens; the name of a great
  commander; while his friends thought him the greatest of all
  commanders; and his enemies called him the most fortunate。 Nor did
  this make the same sort of impression on him as it made on Timotheus
  the son of Conon; the Athenian; who; when his adversaries ascribed his
  successes to his good luck; and had a painting made; representing
  him asleep; and Fortune by his side; casting her nets over the cities;
  was rough and violent in his indignation at those who did it; as if;
  by attributing all to Fortune; they had robbed him of his just
  honours; and said to the people on one occasion at his return from
  war; 〃In this; ye men of Athens; Fortune had no part。〃 A piece of
  boyish petulance; which the deity; we are told; played back upon
  Timotheus; who from that time was never able to achieve anything
  that was great; but proving altogether unfortunate in his attempts;
  and falling into discredit with the people; was at last banished the
  city。 Sylla; on the contrary; not only accepted with pleasure the
  credit of such divine felicities and favours; but joining himself
  and extolling and glorifying what was done; gave the honour of all
  to Fortune; whether it were out of boastfulness; or a real feeling
  of divine agency。 He remarks; in his Memoirs; that of all his
  well…advised actions; none proved so lucky in the execution as what he
  had boldly enterprised; not by calculation; but upon the moment。
  And; in the character which he gives of himself; that he was born
  for fortune rather than war; he seems to give Fortune a higher place
  than merit; and; in short; makes himself entirely the creature of a
  superior power; accounting even his concord with Metellus; his equal
  in office; and his connection by marriage; a piece of preternatural
  felicity。 For expecting to have met in him a most troublesome; he
  found him a most accommodating; colleague。 Moreover; in the Memoirs
  which he dedicated to Lucullus; he admonished him to esteem nothing
  more trustworthy than what the divine powers advise him by night。
  And when he was leaving the city with an army; to fight in the
  Social War; he relates that the earth near the Laverna opened; and a
  quantity of fire came rushing out of it; shooting up with a bright
  flame into the heavens。 The soothsayers upon this foretold that a
  person of great qualities; and of a rare and singular aspect; should
  take the government in hand; and quiet the present troubles of the
  city。 Sylla affirms he was the man; for his golden head of hair made
  him an extraordinary…looking man; nor had he any shame; after the
  great actions he had done; in testifying to his own great qualities。
  And thus much of his opinion as to divine agency。
  In general he would seem to have been of a very irregular character;
  full of inconsistencies with himself much given to rapine; to
  prodigality yet more; in promoting or disgracing whom he pleased;
  alike unaccountable; cringing to those he stood in need of; and
  domineering over others who stood in need of him; so that it was
  hard to tell whether his nature had more in it of pride or of
  servility。 As to his unequal distribution of punishments; as; for
  example; that upon slight grounds he would put to the torture; and
  again would bear patiently with the greatest wrongs; would readily
  forgive and he reconciled after the most heinous acts of enmity; and
  yet would visit small and inconsiderable offences with death and
  confiscation of goods; one might judge that in himself he was really
  of a violent and revengeful nature; which; however; he could
  qualify; upon reflection; for his interest。 In this very Social War;
  when the soldiers with stones and clubs had killed an officer of
  praetorian rank; his own lieutenant; Albinus by name; he passed by
  this flagrant crime without any inquiry; giving it out moreover in a
  boast; that the soldiers would behave all the better now; to make
  amends; by some special bravery; for their breach of discipline。 He
  took no notice of the clamours of those that cried for justice; but
  designing already to supplant Marius; now that he saw the Social War
  near its end; he made much of his army; in hopes to get himself
  declared general of the forces against Mithridates。
  At his return to Rome he was chosen consul with Quintus Pompeius; in
  the fiftieth year of his age; and made a most distinguished marriage
  with Caecilia; daughter of Metellus; the chief priest。 The common
  people made a variety of verses in ridicule of the marriage; and
  many of the nobility also were disgusted at it; esteeming him; as Livy
  writes; unworthy of this connection; whom before they thought worthy
  of a consulship。 This was not his only wife; for first; in his younger
  days; he was married to Ilia; by whom he had a daughter; after her
  to Aelia; and thirdly to Cloelia; whom he dismissed as barren; but
  honourably; and with professions of respect; adding; moreover;
  presents。 But the match between him and Metella; falling out a few
  days after; occasioned suspicions that he had complained of Cloelia
  without due cause。 To Metella he always showed great deference; so
  much so that the people; when anxious for the recall of the exiles
  of Marius's party; upon his refusal; entreated the intercession of
  Metella。 And the Athenians; it is thought; had harder measure; at
  the capture of their town; because they used insulting language to
  Metella in their jests from the walls during the siege。 But of this
  hereafter。
  At present esteeming the consulship but a small matter in comparison
  of things to come; he was impatiently carried away in thought to the
  Mithridatic War。 Here he was withstood by Marius; who out of mad
  affectation of glory and thirst for distinction; those never dying
  passions; though he were now unwieldy in body; and had given up
  service; on account of his age; during the late campaigns; still
  coveted after command in a distant war beyond the seas。 And whilst
  Sylla was departed for the camp; to order the rest of his affairs
  there; he sate brooding at home; and at last hatched that execrable
  sedition; which wrought Rome more mischief than all her enemies
  together had done; as was indeed foreshown by the gods。 For a flame
  broke forth of its own accord; from under the staves of the ensigns;
  and was with difficulty extinguished。 Three ravens brought their young
  into the open road; and ate them; carrying the relics into the nest
  again。 Mice having gnawed the consecrated gold in one of the
  temples; the keepers caught one of them; a female; in a trap; and
  she bringing forth five young ones in the very trap; devoured three of
  them。 But what was greatest of all; in a calm and clear sky there
  was heard t