第 2 节
作者:
小秋 更新:2021-02-17 23:16 字数:9322
with considerable slaughter of the Cappadocians; and yet greater of
the Armenian succours; in expelling Gordius and establishing
Ariobarzanes as king。
During his stay on the banks of the Euphrates; there came to him
Orobazus; a Parthian; ambassador from King Arsaces; as yet there
having been no correspondence between the two nations。 And this also
we may lay to the account of Sylla's felicity; that he should be the
first Roman to whom the Parthians made address for alliance and
friendship。 At the time of which reception; the story is; that; having
ordered three chairs of state to be set; one for Ariobarzanes; one for
Orobazus; and a third for himself; he placed himself in the middle;
and so gave audience。 For this the King of Parthia afterwards put
Orobazus to death。 Some people commended Sylla for his lofty
carriage towards the barbarians; others again accused him of arrogance
and unseasonable display。 It is reported that a certain Chaldaean;
of Orobazus's retinue; looking Sylla wistfully in the face; and
observing carefully the motions of his mind and body; and forming a
judgment of his nature; according to the rules of his art; said that
it was impossible for him not to become the greatest of men; it was
rather a wonder how he could even then abstain from being head of all。
At his return; Censorinus impeached him of extortion; for having
exacted a vast sum of money from a well…affected and associate
kingdom。 However; Censorinus did not appear at the trial; but
dropped his accusation。 His quarrel; meantime; with Marius began to
break out afresh; receiving new material from the ambition of Bocchus;
who; to please the people of Rome; and gratify Sylla; set up in the
temple of Jupiter Capitolinus images bearing trophies; and a
representation in gold of the surrender of Jugurtha to Sylla。 When
Marius; in great anger; attempted to pull them down; and others
aided Sylla; the whole city would have been in tumult and commotion
with this dispute; had not the Social War; which had long lain
smouldering; blazed forth at last; and for the present put an end to
the quarrel。
In the course of this war; which had many great changes of
fortune; and which; more than any; afflicted the Romans; and;
indeed; endangered the very being of the Commonwealth; Marius was
not able to signalize his valour in any action; but left behind him
a clear proof; that warlike excellence requires a strong and still
vigorous body。 Sylla; on the other hand; by his many achievements;
gained himself; with his fellow…citizens; the name of a great
commander; while his friends thought him the greatest of all
commanders; and his enemies called him the most fortunate。 Nor did
this make the same sort of impression on him as it made on Timotheus
the son of Conon; the Athenian; who; when his adversaries ascribed his
successes to his good luck; and had a painting made; representing
him asleep; and Fortune by his side; casting her nets over the cities;
was rough and violent in his indignation at those who did it; as if;
by attributing all to Fortune; they had robbed him of his just
honours; and said to the people on one occasion at his return from
war; 〃In this; ye men of Athens; Fortune had no part。〃 A piece of
boyish petulance; which the deity; we are told; played back upon
Timotheus; who from that time was never able to achieve anything
that was great; but proving altogether unfortunate in his attempts;
and falling into discredit with the people; was at last banished the
city。 Sylla; on the contrary; not only accepted with pleasure the
credit of such divine felicities and favours; but joining himself
and extolling and glorifying what was done; gave the honour of all
to Fortune; whether it were out of boastfulness; or a real feeling
of divine agency。 He remarks; in his Memoirs; that of all his
well…advised actions; none proved so lucky in the execution as what he
had boldly enterprised; not by calculation; but upon the moment。
And; in the character which he gives of himself; that he was born
for fortune rather than war; he seems to give Fortune a higher place
than merit; and; in short; makes himself entirely the creature of a
superior power; accounting even his concord with Metellus; his equal
in office; and his connection by marriage; a piece of preternatural
felicity。 For expecting to have met in him a most troublesome; he
found him a most accommodating; colleague。 Moreover; in the Memoirs
which he dedicated to Lucullus; he admonished him to esteem nothing
more trustworthy than what the divine powers advise him by night。
And when he was leaving the city with an army; to fight in the
Social War; he relates that the earth near the Laverna opened; and a
quantity of fire came rushing out of it; shooting up with a bright
flame into the heavens。 The soothsayers upon this foretold that a
person of great qualities; and of a rare and singular aspect; should
take the government in hand; and quiet the present troubles of the
city。 Sylla affirms he was the man; for his golden head of hair made
him an extraordinary…looking man; nor had he any shame; after the
great actions he had done; in testifying to his own great qualities。
And thus much of his opinion as to divine agency。
In general he would seem to have been of a very irregular character;
full of inconsistencies with himself much given to rapine; to
prodigality yet more; in promoting or disgracing whom he pleased;
alike unaccountable; cringing to those he stood in need of; and
domineering over others who stood in need of him; so that it was
hard to tell whether his nature had more in it of pride or of
servility。 As to his unequal distribution of punishments; as; for
example; that upon slight grounds he would put to the torture; and
again would bear patiently with the greatest wrongs; would readily
forgive and he reconciled after the most heinous acts of enmity; and
yet would visit small and inconsiderable offences with death and
confiscation of goods; one might judge that in himself he was really
of a violent and revengeful nature; which; however; he could
qualify; upon reflection; for his interest。 In this very Social War;
when the soldiers with stones and clubs had killed an officer of
praetorian rank; his own lieutenant; Albinus by name; he passed by
this flagrant crime without any inquiry; giving it out moreover in a
boast; that the soldiers would behave all the better now; to make
amends; by some special bravery; for their breach of discipline。 He
took no notice of the clamours of those that cried for justice; but
designing already to supplant Marius; now that he saw the Social War
near its end; he made much of his army; in hopes to get himself
declared general of the forces against Mithridates。
At his return to Rome he was chosen consul with Quintus Pompeius; in
the fiftieth year of his age; and made a most distinguished marriage
with Caecilia; daughter of Metellus; the chief priest。 The common
people made a variety of verses in ridicule of the marriage; and
many of the nobility also were disgusted at it; esteeming him; as Livy
writes; unworthy of this connection; whom before they thought worthy
of a consulship。 This was not his only wife; for first; in his younger
days; he was married to Ilia; by whom he had a daughter; after her
to Aelia; and thirdly to Cloelia; whom he dismissed as barren; but
honourably; and with professions of respect; adding; moreover;
presents。 But the match between him and Metella; falling out a few
days after; occasioned suspicions that he had complained of Cloelia
without due cause。 To Metella he always showed great deference; so
much so that the people; when anxious for the recall of the exiles
of Marius's party; upon his refusal; entreated the intercession of
Metella。 And the Athenians; it is thought; had harder measure; at
the capture of their town; because they used insulting language to
Metella in their jests from the walls during the siege。 But of this
hereafter。
At present esteeming the consulship but a small matter in comparison
of things to come; he was impatiently carried away in thought to the
Mithridatic War。 Here he was withstood by Marius; who out of mad
affectation of glory and thirst for distinction; those never dying
passions; though he were now unwieldy in body; and had given up
service; on account of his age; during the late campaigns; still
coveted after command in a distant war beyond the seas。 And whilst
Sylla was departed for the camp; to order the rest of his affairs
there; he sate brooding at home; and at last hatched that execrable
sedition; which wrought Rome more mischief than all her enemies
together had done; as was indeed foreshown by the gods。 For a flame
broke forth of its own accord; from under the staves of the ensigns;
and was with difficulty extinguished。 Three ravens brought their young
into the open road; and ate them; carrying the relics into the nest
again。 Mice having gnawed the consecrated gold in one of the
temples; the keepers caught one of them; a female; in a trap; and
she bringing forth five young ones in the very trap; devoured three of
them。 But what was greatest of all; in a calm and clear sky there
was heard t