arred。〃
  But　by　daylight　this　brilliant　little　warbler　is　constantly　on　the　alert。　It　is　true　he　has　the　habit；　like　the　flycatchers　（among　which　some　learned　ornithologists　still　class　him）；　of　sitting　pensively　on　a　branch；　with　fluffy　feathers　and　drooping　wings；　but　the　very　next　instant　he　shows　true　warbler　blood　by　making　a　sudden　dash　upward；　then　downward　through　the　air；　tumbling　somersaults；　as　if　blown　by　the　wind；　flitting　from　branch　to　branch；　busily　snapping　at　the　tiny　insects　hidden　beneath　the　leaves；　clinging　to　the　tree…trunk　like　a　creeper；　and　singing　between　bites。
  Possibly　he　will　stop　long　enough　in　his　mad　chase　to　open　and　shut　his　tail；　fan…fashion；　with　a　dainty　egotism　that；　in　the　peacock；　becomes　rank　vanity。
  The　Germans　call　this　little　bird　roth　Stert　（red　tail）；　but；　like　so　many　popular　names；　this　is　a　misnomer；　as；　strictly　speaking；　the　redstart　is　never　red；　though　its　salmon…orange　markings　often　border　on　to　orange…flame。
  In　a　fork　of　some　tall　bush　or　tree；　placed　ten　or　fifteen　feet　from　the　ground；　a　carefully　constructed　little　nest　is　made　of　moss；　horsehair；　and　strippings　from　the　bark；　against　which　the　nest　is　built；　the　better　to　conceal　its　location。　Four　or　five　whitish　eggs；　thickly　sprinkled　with　pale　brown　and　lilac；　like　the　other　warblers'；　are　too　jealously　guarded　by　the　little　mother…bird　to　be　very　often　seen。
  BALTIMORE　ORIOLE　（Iderus　galbula）　Oriole　and　Blackbird　family
  Called　also：　GOLDEN　ORIOLE；FIREBIRD；　GOLDEN　ROBIN；　HANG…NEST；　　　ENGLISH　ROBIN
  Length　　7　to　8　inches。　About　one…fifth　smaller　than　the　robin。　Male　　Head；　throat；　upper　part　of　back　glossy　black。　Wings　　　black；　with　white　spots　and　edgings。　Tail…quills　black；　with　　　yellow　markings　on　the　tips。　Everywhere　else　orange；　shading　　　into　flame。　Female　　Yellowish　olive。　Wings　dark　brown；　and　quills　margined　　　with　white。　Tail　yellowish　brown；　with　obscure；　dusky　bars。　Range　　The　whole　United　States。　Most　numerous　in　Eastern　States　　　below　55　degrees　north　latitude。　Migrations　　Early　May。　Middle　of　September。　Common　summer　　　resident。
  A　flash　of　fire　through　the　air；　a　rich；　high；　whistled　song　floating　in　the　wake　of　the　feathered　meteor：　the　Baltimore　oriole　cannot　be　mistaken。　When　the　orchards　are　in　blossom　he　arrives　in　full　plumage　and　song；　and　awaits　the　coming　of　the　female　birds；　that　travel　northward　more　leisurely　in　flocks。　He　is　decidedly　in　evidence。　No　foliage　is　dense　enough　to　hide　his　brilliancy；　his　temper；　quite　as　fiery　as　his　feathers；　leads　him　into　noisy　quarrels；　and　his　insistent　song　with　its　martial；　interrogative　notes　becomes　almost　tiresome　until　he　is　happily　mated　and　family　cares　check　his　enthusiasm。
  Among　the　best　architects　in　the　world　is　his　plain　but　energetic　mate。　Gracefully　swung　from　a　high　branch　of　some　tall　tree；　the　nest　is　woven　with　exquisite　skill　into　a　long；　flexible　pouch　that　rain　cannot　penetrate；　nor　wind　shake　from　its　horsehair　moorings。　Bits　of　string；　threads　of　silk；　and　sometimes　yarn　of　the　gayest　colors；　if　laid　about　the　shrubbery　in　the　garden；　will　be　quickly　interwoven　with　the　shreds　of　bark　and　milkweed　stalks　that　the　bird　has　found　afield。　The　shape　of　the　nest　often　differs；　because　in　unsettled　regions；　where　hawks　abound；　it　is　necessary　to　make　it　deeper　than　seven　inches　（the　customary　depth　when　it　is　built　near　the　homes　of　men）；　and　to　partly　close　it　at　the　top　to　conceal　the　sitting　bird。　From　four　to　six　whitish　eggs；　scrawled　over　with　black…brown；　are　hatched　by　the　mother　oriole；　and　most　jealously　guarded　by　her　now　truly　domesticated　mate。
  The　number　of　grubs；　worms；　flies；　caterpillars；　and　even　cocoons；　that　go　to　satisfy　the　hunger　of　a　family　of　orioles　in　a　day；　might　indicate；　if　it　could　be　computed；　the　great　value　these　birds　are　about　our　homes；　aside　from　the　good　cheer　they　bring。
  There　is　a　popular　tradition　about　the　naming　of　this　gorgeous　bird：　When　George　Calvert；　the　first　Lord　Baltimore；　worn　out　and　discouraged　by　various　hardships　in　his　Newfoundland　colony；　decided　to　visit　Virginia　in　1628；　he　wrote　that　nothing　in　the　Chesapeake　country　so　impressed　him　as　the　myriads　of　birds　in　its　woods。　But　the　song　and　color　of　the　oriole　particularly　cheered　and　delighted　him；　and　orange　and　black　became　the　heraldic　colors　of　the　first　lords　proprietors　of　Maryland。
  Hush！　'tis　he！　My　Oriole；　my　glance　of　summer　fire；　　　　　　Is　come　at　last；　and　ever　on　the　watch；　　　　　　Twitches　the　pack…thread　I　had　lightly　wound　　　　　　About　the　bough　to　help　his　housekeeping。　　　　　　Twitches　and　scouts　by　turns；　blessing　his　luck；　　　　　　Yet　fearing　me　who　laid　it　in　his　way。　　　　　　Nor；　more　than　wiser　we　in　our　affairs；　　　　　　Divines　the　Providence　that　hides　and　helps。　　　　　　Heave；　ho！　Heave；　ho！　he　whistles　as　the　twine　　　　　　Slackens　its　hold；　once　more；　now！　and　a　flash　　　　　　Lightens　across　the　sunlight　to　the　elm　　　　　　Where　his　mate　dangles　at　her　cup　of　felt。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　James　Russell　Lowell。
  BIRDS　CONSPICUOUSLY　RED　OF　ANY　SHADE
  Cardinal　Grosbeak　　　Summer　Tanager　　　Scarlet　Tanager　　　Pine　Grosbeak　　　American　Crossbill　and　the　White…winged　Crossbill　　　Redpoll　and　Greater　Redpoll　　　Purple　Finch　　　Robin　　　Orchard　Oriole
  See　the　Red…winged　Blackbird　（Black）。　See　also　the　males　of　the　Rose…breasted　Grosbeak；　the　Woodpeckers；　the　Chewink　（Black　and　White）；　the　Red…breasted　Nuthatch；　the　Bay…breasted　and　the　Chestnut…sided　Warblers　（Slate　and　Gray）；　the　Bluebird　and　Barn　Swallow　（Blue）；　the　Flicker　（Brown）；　the　Humming…bird　and　the　Kinglets　（Greenish　Gray）；　and　the　Blackburnian　and　Redstart　Warblers；　and　the　Baltimore　Oriole　（Orange）。
  BIRDS　CONSPICUOUSLY　RED　OF　ANY　SHADE
  CARDINAL　GROSBEAK　（Cardinalis　cardinalis）　Finch　family
  Called　also：　CRESTED　REDBIRD；　VIRGINIA　REDBIRD；　VIRGINIA　　　NIGHTINGALE；　CARDINAL　BIRD；　＇NORTHERN　CARDINAL；　AOU　1998＇
  Length　　8　to　9　inches。　A　little　smaller　than　the　robin。　Male　　Brilliant　cardinal；　chin　and　band　around　bill　black。　Beak　　　stout　and　red。　Crest　conspicuous。　In　winter　dress；　wings　washed　　　with　gray。　Female　　Brownish　yellow　above；　shading　to　gray　below。　Tail　　　shorter　than　the　male's。　Crest；　wings；　and　tail　reddish。　Breast　　　sometimes　tinged　with　red。　Range　　Eastern　United　States。　A　Southern　bird；　becoming　more　　　and　more　common　during　the　summer　in　States　north　of　Virginia；　　　especially　in　Ohio；　south　of　which　it　is　resident　throughout　　　the　year。　Migrations　　　Resident　rather　than　migrating　birds；　remaining　　　throughout　the　winter　in　localities　where　they　have　found　their　　　way。　Travel　in　flocks。
  Among　the　numerous　names　by　which　this　beautiful　bird　is　known；　it　has　become　immortalized　under　the　title　of　Mr。　James　Lane　Allen's　exquisite　book；　〃The　Kentucky　Cardinal。〃　Here；　while　we　are　given　a　most　charmingly　sympathetic；　delicate　account　of　the　bird　〃who　has　only　to　be　seen　or　heard；　and　Death　adjusts　an　arrow；〃　it　is　the　cardinal's　pathetic　fate　that　impresses　one　most。　Seen　through　less　poetical　eyes；　however；　the　bird　appears　to　be　a　haughty　autocrat；　a　sort　of　〃F。　F。　V。〃　among　the　feathered　tribes；　as；　indeed；　his　title；　〃Virginia　redbird；〃　has　been　unkindly　said　to　imply。　Bearing　himself　with　a　refined　and　courtly　dignity；　not　stooping　to　soil　his　feet　by　walking　on　the　ground　like　the　more　democratic　robin；　or　even　condescending　below　the　level　of　the　laurel　bushes；　the　cardinal　is　literally　a　shining　example　of　self…conscious　superiority　　a　bird　to　call　forth　respect　and　admiration　rather　than　affection。　But　a　group　of　cardinals　in　a　cedar　tree　in　a　snowy　winter　landscape　makes　us　forgetful　of　everything　but　their　supreme　beauty。
  As　might　be　expected　in　one　of　the　finch　family；　the　cardinal　is　a　songster　　the　fact　which；　in　connection　with　his　lovely　plumage；　accounts　for　the　number　of　these　birds　shipped　in　cages　to　Europe；　where　they　are　known　as　Virginia　nightingales。　Commencing　with　a　strong；　rich　whistle；　like　the　high　notes　of　a　fife；　〃Cheo…cheo…cheo…cheo；〃　repeated　over　and　over　as　if　to　make　perfect　the　start　of　a　song　he　is　about　to　sing；　suddenly　he　stops；　and　you　learn　that　there　is　to　be　no　glorious　performance　after　all；　only　a　prelude　to　　nothing。　The　song；　such　as　it　is；　begins；　with　both　male　and　female；　in　March；　and　lasts；　with　a　brief　intermission；　until　September　　〃the　most　melodious　sigh；〃　as　Mr。　Allen　calls　it。　Early　in　May　the　cardinals　build　a　bulky　and　loosely　made　nest；　usually　in　the　holly；　laurel；　or　other　evergreen　shrubs　that　they　always　love　to　frequent；　especially　if　these　are　near　fields　of　corn　or　other　grain。　And　often　two　broods　in　a　year　come　forth　from　the　pale…gray；　brown…marked　eggs；　beating　what　is　literally　for　them　the　〃fatal　gift　of　beauty。〃
  SUMMER　TANAGER　（Piranga　rubra）　Tanager　family
  Called　also：　REDBIRD；　SMOOTH…HEADED　REDBIRD
  Length　　7。5　inches。　About　one…fourth　smaller　than　the　robin。　Male　　Uniform　red。　Wings　and　tail　like　the　body。　Female　　Upper　parts　yellowish　olive…green；　underneath　inclining　　　to　orange…yellow。　Range　　Tropical　portions　of　two　Americas　and　eastern　United　　　States。　Most　common　in　Southern　States。　Rare　north　of　　　Pennsylvania。　Winters　in　the　tropics。　Mirations　　In　Southern　　　States：　April。　October。　Irregular　migrant　no