第 21 节
作者:莫再讲      更新:2021-02-17 23:12      字数:9322
  the cliff swallow may be positively identified by the rufous feathers of its tail coverts; but more definitely by its crescent…shaped frontlet shining like a new moon; hence its specific Latin name from luna = moon; and frons = front。
  Such great numbers of these swallows have been seen in the far West that the name of Rocky Mountain swallows is sometimes given to them; though however rare they may have been in 1824; when DeWitt Clinton thought he 〃discovered〃 them near Lake Champlain; they are now common enough in all parts of the United States。
  In the West this swallow is wholly a cliff…dweller; but it has learned to modify its home in different localities。 As usually seen; it is gourd…shaped; opened at the top; built entirely of mud pellets (〃bricks without straw〃); softly lined with feathers and wisps of grass; and attached by the larger part to a projecting cliff or eave。
  Like all the swallows; this bird lives in colonies; and the clay…colored nests beneath the eaves of barns are often so close together that a group of them resembles nothing so much as a gigantic wasp's nest。 It is said that when swallows pair they are mated for life; but; then; more is said about swallows than the most tireless bird…lover could substantiate。 The tradition that swallows fly low when it is going to rain may be easily credited; because the air before a storm is usually too heavy with moisture for the winged insects; upon which the swallows feed; to fly high。
  MOURNING DOVE (Zenaidura macroura) Pigeon family
  Called also: CAROLINA DOVE; TURTLE DOVE
  Length  12 to 13 inches。 About one…half as large again as the   robin。 Male  Grayish brown or fawn…color above; varying to bluish   gray。 Crown and upper part of head greenish blue; with green   and golden metallic reflections on sides of neck。 A black spot   under each ear。 Forehead and breast reddish buff; lighter   underneath。 (General impression of color; bluish fawn。) Bill   black; with tumid; fleshy covering; feet red; two middle tail   feathers longest; all others banded with black and tipped with   ashy white。 Wing coverts sparsely spotted with black。 Flanks   and underneath the wings bluish。 Female  Duller and without iridescent reflections on neck。 Range  North America; from Quebec to Panama; and westward to   Arizona。 Most common in temperate climate; east of Rocky   Mountains。 Migrations  March。 November。 Common summer resident not   Migratory south of Virginia。
  The beautiful; soft…colored plumage of this incessant and rather melancholy love…maker is not on public exhibition。 To see it we must trace the a…coo…o; coo…o; coo…oo; coo…o to its source in the thick foliage in some tree in an out…of…the…way corner of the farm; or to an evergreen near the edge of the woods。 The slow; plaintive notes; more like a dirge than a love…song; penetrate to a surprising distance。 They may not always be the same lovers we hear from April to the end of summer; but surely the sound seems to indicate that they are。 The dove is a shy bird; attached to its gentle and refined mate with a devotion that has passed into a proverb; but caring little or nothing for the society of other feathered friends; and very little for its own kind; unless after the nesting season has passed。 In this respect it differs widely from its cousins; the wild pigeons; flocks of which; numbering many millions; are recorded by Wilson and other early writers before the days when netting these birds became so fatally profitable。
  What the dove finds to adore so ardently in the 〃shiftless housewife;〃 as Mrs。 Wright calls his lady…love; must pass the comprehension of the phoebe; that constructs such an exquisite home; or of a bustling; energetic Jenny wren; that 〃looketh well to the ways of her household and eateth not the bread of idleness。〃 She is a flabby; spineless bundle of flesh and pretty feathers; gentle and refined in manners; but slack and incompetent in all she does。 Her nest consists of few loose sticks。 without rim or lining; and when her two babies emerge from the white eggs; that somehow do not fall through or roll out of the rickety lattice; their tender little naked bodies must suffer from many bruises。 We are almost inclined to blame the inconsiderate mother for allowing her offspring to enter the world unclothed  obviously not her fault; though she is capable of just such negligence。 Fortunate are the baby doves when their lazy mother scatters her makeshift nest on top of one that a robin has deserted; as she frequently does。 It is almost excusable to take her young birds and rear them in captivity; where they invariably thrive; mate; and live happily; unless death comes to one; when the other often refuses food and grieves its life away。
  In the wild state; when the nesting season approaches; both birds make curious acrobatic flights above the tree…tops; then; after a short sail in midair; they return to their perch。 This appears to be their only giddiness and frivolity; unless a dust…bath in the country road might be considered a dissipation。
  In the autumn a few pairs of doves show slight gregarious tendencies; feeding amiably together in the grain fields and retiring to the same roost at sundown。
  BLUE…GRAY GNATCATCHER (Polioptila coerulea) Gnatcatcher family
  Called also: SYLVAN FLYCATCHER
  Length  4。5 inches。 About two inches smaller than the English   sparrow。 Male  Grayish blue above; dull grayish white below。 Grayish   tips on wings。 Tail with white outer quills changing gradually   through black and white to all black on centre quills。 Narrow   black band over the forehead and eyes。 Resembles in manner and   form a miniature catbird。 Female  More grayish and less blue; and without the black on   head。 Range  United States to Canadian border on the north; the   Rockies on the west; and the Atlantic States; from Maine to   Florida most common in the Middle States。 A rare bird north of   New Jersey。 Winters in Mexico and beyond。 Migrations  May。 September。 Summer resident。
  In thick woodlands; where a stream that lazily creeps through the mossy; oozy ground attracts myriads of insects to its humid neighborhood; this tiny hunter loves to hide in the denser foliage of the upper branches。 He has the habit of nervously flitting about from twig to twig of his relatives; the kinglets; but unhappily he lacks their social; friendly instincts; and therefore is rarely seen。 Formerly classed among the warblers; then among the flycatchers; while still as much a lover of flies; gnats; and mosquitoes as ever; his vocal powers have now won for him recognition among the singing birds。 Some one has likened his voice to the squeak of a mouse; and Nuttall says it is 〃scarcely louder;〃 which is all too true; for at a little distance it is quite inaudible。 But in addition to the mouse…like call…note; the tiny bird has a rather feeble but exquisitely finished song; so faint it seems almost as it the bird were singing in its sleep。
  If by accident you enter the neighborhood of its nest; you soon find out that this timid; soft…voiced little creature can be roused to rashness and make its presence disagreeable to ears and eyes alike as it angrily darts about your unoffending head; pecking at your face and uttering its shrill squeak close to your very ear…drums。 All this excitement is in defence of a dainty; lichen…covered nest; whose presence you may not have even suspected before; and of four or five bluish…white; speckled eggs well beyond reach in the tree…tops。
  During the migrations the bird seems not unwilling to show its delicate; trim little body; that has often been likened to a diminutive mocking…bird's; very near the homes of men。 Its graceful postures; its song and constant motion; are sure to attract attention。 In Central Park; New York City; the bird is not unknown。
  BROWN; OLIVE OR GRAYISH BROWN; AND BROWN AND GRAY SPARROWY BIRDS
  House Wren                    Yellow…billed Cuckoo Carolina Wren                 Bank Swallow and Winter Wren                   Rough…winged Swallow Long…billed Marsh Wren        Cedar Bird Short…billed Marsh Wren       Brown Creeper Brown Thrasher                Pine Siskin Wilson's Thrush or Veery      Smith's Painted Longspur  Wood Thrush                   Lapland Longspur Hermit Thrush                 Chipping Sparrow Alice's Thrush                English Sparrow Olive…backed Thrush           Field Sparrow Louisiana Water Thrush        Fox Sparrow Northern Water Thrush         Grasshopper Sparrow Flicker                       Savannah Sparrow Meadowlark and Western        Seaside Sparrow   Meadowlark                  Sharp…tailed Sparrow Horned Lark and Prairie       Song Sparrow   Horned Lark                 Swamp Song Sparrow Pipit or Titlark              Tree Sparrow Whippoorwill                  Vesper Sparrow Nighthawk                     White…crowned Sparrow Black…billed Cuckoo           White…throated Sparrow
  See also winter plumage of the Bobolink; Goldfinch; and Myrtle Warbler。 See females of Red…winged Blackbird; Rusty Blackbird; the Grackles; Bobolink; Cowbird; the Redpolls; Purple Finch; Chewink; Bluebird; Indigo Bunting; Baltimore Oriole; Cardinal; and of the Evening; the Blue; and the Rose…breasted Grosbeaks。 See also Purple Finch; the Re