straight　bills。　　　White…breasted　Nuthatch。　　　Red…breasted　Nuthatch。
  The　titmice　or　chickadees　（Parinae）　are　fluffy　little　gray　birds；　the　one　crested。　the　other　with　a　black　cap。　They　are　also　expert　climbers；　though　not　such　wonderful　gymnasts　as　the　nuthatches。　These　cousins　are　frequently　seen　together　in　winter　woods　or　in　the　evergreens　about　houses。　Chickadees　are　partial　to　tree…tops；　especially　to　the　highest　pine　cones；　on　which　they　hang　fearlessly。　Cheerful；　constant　residents；　retreating　to　the　deep　woods　only　to　nest。　　　Tufted　Titmouse。　　　Chickadee。
  Family　Sylviidae：　KINGLETS　AND　GNATCATCHERS
  The　kinglets　（Regulinae）　are　very　small　greenish…gray　birds；　with　highly　colored　crown　patch；　that　are　seen　chiefly　in　autumn；　winter；　and　spring　south　of　Labrador。　Habits　active；　diligent　flitters　among　trees　and　shrubbery　from　limb　to　limb　after　minute　insects。　Beautiful　nest　builders。　Song　remarkable　for　so　small　a　bird。　　　Golden…crowned　Kinglet。　　　Ruby…crowned　Kinglet。
  The　one　representative　of　the　distinctly　American　subfamily　of　gnatcatchers　（Polioptilinae）　that　we　have；　is　a　small　blue…gray　bird；　whitish　below。　It　is　rarely　found　outside　moist；　low　tracts　of　woodland；　where　insects　abound。　These　it　takes　on　the　wing　with　wonderful　dexterity。　It　is　exceedingly　graceful　and　assumes　many　charming　postures。　A　bird　of　trees；　nesting　in　the　high　branches。　A　bird　of　strong　character　and　an　exquisitely　finished　though　feeble　songster。　　　　Blue…gray　Gnatcatcher。
  Family　Turdidae：　THRUSHES；　BLUEBIRDS；　ETC。
  This　group　includes　our　finest　songsters。　Birds　of　moderate　size；　stout　build；　as　a　rule；　inhabitants　of　woodlands；　but　the　robin　and　the　bluebird　are　notable　exceptions。　Bills　long　and　slender；　suitable　for　worm　diet。　Only　casual　fruit…eaters。　Slender；　strong　legs　for　running　and　hopping。　True　thrushes　are　grayish　or　olive…brown　above；　buff　or　whitish　below；　heavily　streaked　or　spotted。　　　　Bluebird。　　　Robin。　　　Alice's　Thrush。　　　Hermit　Thrush。　　　Olive…backed　Thrush。　　　Wilson's　Thrush　（Veery）。　　　Wood　Thrush。
  Order　Columbae；　PIGEONS　AND　DOVES
  Family　Columbidae：　PIGEONS　AND　DOVES
  The　wild　pigeon　is　now　too　rare　to　be　included　among　our　bird　neighbors；　but　its　beautiful　relative；　without　the　fatally　gregarious　habit；　still　nests　and　sings　a…coo…oo…oo　to　its　devoted　mate　in　unfrequented　corners　of　the　farm　or　the　borders　of　woodland。　Delicately　shaded　fawn…colored　and　bluish　plumage。　Small　heads；　protruding　breasts。　Often　seen　on　ground。　Flight　strong　and　rapid；　owing　to　long　wings。　　　　Mourning　or　Carolina　Dove。
  II。　HABITATS　OF　BIRDS
  BIRDS　OF　THE　AIR　CATCHING　THEIR　FOOD　AS　THEY　FLY
  Acadian　Flycatcher；　Great　Crested　Flycatcher；　Least　Flycatcher；　Olive…sided　Flycatcher；　Say's　Flycatcher；　Yellow…bellied　Flycatcher；　Kingbird；　Phoebe。　Wood　Pewee；　Purple　Martin；　Chimney　Swift；　Barn　Swallow；　Bank　Swallow；　Cliff　Swallow；　Tree　Swallow；　Rough…winged　Swallow；　Canadian　Warbler；　Blackpoll　Warbler；　Wilson's　Warbler；　Nighthawk；　Whippoorwill；　Ruby…throated　Humming…bird；　Blue…gray　Gnatcatcher。
  BIRDS　MOST　FREQUENTLY　SEEN　IN　THE　UPPER　HALF　OF　TREES
  Scarlet　Tanager；　Summer　Tanager；　Baltimore　Oriole；　Orchard　Oriole；　Chickadee；　Tufted　Titmouse；　Blue…gray　Gnatcatcher；　nearly　all　the　Warblers　except　the　Ground　Warblers；　Cedar　Bird；　Bohemian　Waxwing；　the　Vireos；　Robin；　Red　Crossbill；　White…winged　Crossbill；　Purple　Grackle；　Bronzed　Grackle；　Redstart；　Northern　Shrike；　Loggerhead　Shrike；　Crow；　Fish　Crow；　Raven；　Purple　Finch；　Tree　and　Chipping　Sparrows；　Cardinal；　Blue　Jay；　Kingbird；　the　Crested　and　other　Flycatchers。
  BIRDS　OF　LOW　TREES　OR　LOWER　PARTS　OF　TREES
  Black…billed　Cuckoo；　Yellow…billed　Cuckoo；　the　Sparrows；　the　Thrushes；　the　Grosbeaks；　Goldfinch；　Summer　Yellowbird　and　other　Warblers；　the　Wrens；　Bluebird；　Mocking…bird；　Catbird；　Brown　Thrasher；　Maryland　Yellowthroat；　Yellow…breasted　Chat。
  BIRDS　OF　TREE…TRUNKS　AND　LARGE　LIMBS
  Hairy　Woodpecker；　Downy　Woodpecker；　Red…headed　Woodpecker；　　Yellow…bellied　Woodpecker；　Flicker；　White…breasted　Nuthatch；　Red…breasted　Nuthatch；　Brown　Creeper；　Chickadee；　Tufted　Titmouse；　Golden…crowned　Kinglet；　Ruby…crowned　Kinglet；　Black…and…white　Creeping　Warbler；　Blue…winged　Warbler；　Worm…eating　Warbler；　Pine　Warbler；　Blackpoll　Warbler；　Whippoorwill；　Nighthawk。
  BIRDS　THAT　SHOW　A　PREFERENCE　FOR　PINES　AND　OTHER　EVERGREENS
  Chickadee；　Tufted　Titmouse；　the　Nuthatches；　Brown　Creeper；　the　Kinglets；　Pine　Warbler；　Black…and…white　Creeping　Warbler　and　all　the　Warblers　except　the　Ground　Warblers；　Pine　Siskin；　Cedar　Bird　and　Bohemian　Waxwing　（in　juniper　and　cedar　trees）；　Pine　Grosbeak；　Red　Crossbill；　White…winged　Crossbill；　the　Grackles；　Crow；　Raven；　Pine　Finch。
  BIRDS　SEEN　FEEDING　AMONG　THE　FOLIAGE　AND　TERMINAL　TWIGS　OF　TREES
  The　Red…eyed　Vireo；　White…eyed　Vireo；　Warbling　Vireo；　Solitary　Vireo；　Yellow…throated　Vireo；　Golden…crowned　Kinglet。　Ruby…crowned　Kinglet；　Black…billed　Cuckoo；　Yellow…billed　Cuckoo。　Yellow　Warbler　or　Summer　Yellowbird；　nearly　all　the　Warblers　except　the　Pine　and　the　Ground　Warblers；　the　Flycatchers；　Blue…gray　Gnatcatcher。
  BIRDS　THAT　CHOOSE　CONSPICUOUS　PERCHES
  Northern　Shrike；　Loggerhead　Shrike；　Kingbird；　the　Wood　Pewee；　the　Phoebe　and　other　Flycatchers；　the　Swallows；　Kingfisher；　Crows；　Grackles；　Blue　Jay　and　Canada　Jay；　the　Song；　the　White…throated；　and　the　Fox　Sparrows；　the　Grosbeaks；　Cedar　Bird；　Goldfinch；　Robin；　Purple　Finch；　Cowbird；　Brown　Thrasher　while　in　song。
  BIRDS　OF　THE　GARDENS　AND　ORCHARDS。
  Bluebird；　Robin；　the　English；　Song；　White…throated；　Vesper；　　White…crowned；　Fox；　Chipping；　and　Tree　Sparrows；　Phoebe；　Wood　Pewee；　the　Least　Flycatcher；　Crested　Flycatcher；　Kingbird；　Brown　Thrasher；　Wood　Thrush；　Mocking…bird；　Catbird；　House　Wren；　nearly　all　the　Warblers；　especially　at　blossom　time　among　the　shrubbery　and　fruit　trees；　Cedar　Bird；　Purple　Martin；　Eaves　Swallow；　Barn　Swallow；　Purple　Finch；　Cowbird；　Baltimore　and　Orchard　Orioles；　Purple　Grackle；　Bronzed　Grackle；　Blue　Jay；　Crow；　Fish　Crow；　Chimney　Swift；　Ruby…throated　Hummingbird；　the　Woodpeckers；　Flicker；　the　Nuthatches；　Chickadee；　Tufted　Titmouse；　the　Cuckoos；　Mourning　Dove；　Junco；　Starling。
  BIRDS　OF　THE　WOODS
  The　Warblers　almost　without　exception；　the　Thrushes；　the　Woodpeckers；　the　Flycatchers；　the　Winter　and　the　Carolina　Wrens；　the　Tanagers；　the　Nuthatches　and　Titmice；　the　Kinglets；　the　Water　Thrushes；　the　Vireos；　Whippoorwill；　Nighthawk；　Kingfisher；　Cardinal；　Ovenbird；　Brown　Creeper；　Tree　Sparrow；　Fox　Sparrow；　White…throated　Sparrow；　White…crowned　Sparrow；　Junco。
  BIRDS　SEEN　NEAR　THE　EDGES　OF　WOODS
  The　Wrens；　the　Woodpeckers；　the　Flycatchers；　the　Warblers；　Purple　Finch；　the　Cuckoos；　Brown　Thrasher；　Wood　Thrush；　Cowbird；　Brown　Creepers；　the　Nuthatches　and　Titmice；　the　Kinglets；　Chewink；　the　White…crowned；　White…throated；　Tree；　Fox；　and　Song　Sparrows；　Humming…bird；　Bluebird；　Junco；　the　Crossbills；　the　Grosbeaks；　Nighthawk；　Whippoorwill；　Mourning　Dove；　Indigo　Bird；　Brown　Thrasher。
  BIRDS　OF　SHRUBBERY；　BUSHES；　AND　THICKETS
  Maryland　Yellowthroat；　Ovenbird　（in　woods）；　Myrtle　Warbler；　Mourning　Warbler；　Yellow…breasted　Chat；　and　other　Warblers　during　the　migrations；　the　Shrikes；　the　White…throated；　the　Fox；　the　Song；　and　other　Sparrows；　Chickadee；　Junco；　Chewink；　Rose…breasted　Grosbeak；　Cowbird；　Red…winged　Blackbird；　Catbird；　Mocking…bird；　Wilson's　Thrush；　Goldfinch；　Redpolls；　Maryland　Yellowthroat；　White…eyed　Vireo；　Hooded　Warbler。
  BIRDS　SEEN　FEEDING　ON　THE　GROUND
  The　Sparrows；　Junco；　Meadowlark；　Horned　Lark；　Chewink；　Robin；　Ovenbird；　Pipit　or　Titlark；　Redpoll；　Greater　Redpoll；　Snowflake；　Lapland　Longspur；　Smith's　Painted　Longspur；　Rusty　Blackbird；　Red…winged　Blackbird；　the　Crows；　Cowbird；　the　Water　Thrushes；　Bobolink；　Canada　Jay；　the　Grackles；　Mourning　Dove；　the　Worm…eating；　the　Prairie；　the　Kentucky；　and　the　Mourning　Ground　Warblers；　Flicker。
  BIRDS　OF　MEADOW；　FIELD；　AND　UPLAND
  The　Field　and　Vesper　Sparrows；　Bobolink；　Meadowlark；　Horned　Lark；　Goldfinch；　the　Swallows；　Pipit　or　Titlark；　Cowbird；　Redpoll；　Greater　Redpoll；　Snowflake；　Junco；　Lapland　Longspur；　Smith's　Painted　Longspur；　Rusty　Blackbird；　Crow；　Fish　Crow；　Nighthawk；　Whippoorwill；　the　Yellow；　the　Palm；　and　the　Prairie　Warblers；　the　Grackles；　Flicker；　Bluebird；　Indigo　Bird。
  BIRDS　OF　ROADSIDE　AND　FENCES
  The　Sparrows；　Kingbird；　Crested　Flycatcher；　Yellow…breasted　Chat；　Indigo　Bird；　Bluebird；　Flicker；　Goldfinch；　Brown　Thrasher；　Catbird；　Robin；　the　Woodpeckers；　Yellow　Palm　Warbler；　the　Vireos。　　　BIRDS　OF　MARSHES　AND　BOGGY　MEADOWS
  Long…billed　Marsh　Wren；　Short…billed　Marsh　Wren；　the　Swamp；　the　Savanna；　the　Sharp…tailed；　and　the　Seaside　Sparrows；　Red…winged　Blackbird。
  BIRDS　OF　WET　WOODLANDS　AND　MARSHY　THICKETS
  Northern　Water　Thrush；　Louisiana　Water　Thrush；　Ovenbird；　Winter　Wren；　Carolina　Wren；　Phoebe；　Wood　Pewee　and　the　other　Flycatchers；　Wilson's　Thrush　or　Veery；　Blue…gray　Gnatcatcher；　Yellow…breasted　Chat；　the　Canadian；　Wilson's；　Black…capped；　the　Maryland　Yellowthroat；　the　Hooded；　and　the　Yellow…throated　Warblers。
  BIRDS　FOUND　NEAR　SALT　WATER
  Fish　Crow；　Common　Crow；　Bank　Swallow；　Tree　Swallow；　Savanna　Sparrow；　Sharp…tailed　Sparrow；　Seaside　Sparrow；　Horned　Lark；　Pipit　or　Titlark。
  BIRDS　FOUND　NEAR　STREAMS　AND　PONDS
  Kingfisher；　the　Swallows；　Northern　Water　Thrush；　Louisiana　Water　Thrush；　Phoebe；　W