himself　by　some　eccentricity　or　absurdity；　which　is　less　easily
  forgiven　or　forgotten　than　more　serious　defects？　The　question
  strikes　at　the　root　of　many　a　social　injustice。　Perhaps　it　is
  only　human　nature　to　inflict　suffering　on　anything　that　will
  endure　suffering；　whether　by　reason　of　its　genuine　humility；　or
  indifference；　or　sheer　helplessness。　Do　we　not；　one　and　all；　like
  to　feel　our　strength　even　at　the　expense　of　some　one　or　of
  something？　The　poorest　sample　of　humanity；　the　street　arab；　will
  pull　the　bell　handle　at　every　street　door　in　bitter　weather；　and
  scramble　up　to　write　his　name　on　the　unsullied　marble　of　a
  monument。
  In　the　year　1813；　at　the　age　of　sixty…nine　or　thereabouts；
  〃Father　Goriot〃　had　sold　his　business　and　retiredto　Mme。
  Vauquer's　boarding　house。　When　he　first　came　there　he　had　taken
  the　rooms　now　occupied　by　Mme。　Couture；　he　had　paid　twelve
  hundred　francs　a　year　like　a　man　to　whom　five　louis　more　or　less
  was　a　mere　trifle。　For　him　Mme。　Vauquer　had　made　various
  improvements　in　the　three　rooms　destined　for　his　use；　in
  consideration　of　a　certain　sum　paid　in　advance；　so　it　was　said；
  for　the　miserable　furniture；　that　is　to　say；　for　some　yellow
  cotton　curtains；　a　few　chairs　of　stained　wood　covered　with
  Utrecht　velvet；　several　wretched　colored　prints　in　frames；　and
  wall　papers　that　a　little　suburban　tavern　would　have　disdained。
  Possibly　it　was　the　careless　generosity　with　which　Father　Goriot
  allowed　himself　to　be　overreached　at　this　period　of　his　life
  （they　called　him　Monsieur　Goriot　very　respectfully　then）　that
  gave　Mme。　Vauquer　the　meanest　opinion　of　his　business　abilities；
  she　looked　on　him　as　an　imbecile　where　money　was　concerned。
  Goriot　had　brought　with　him　a　considerable　wardrobe；　the　gorgeous
  outfit　of　a　retired　tradesman　who　denies　himself　nothing。　Mme。
  Vauquer's　astonished　eyes　beheld　no　less　than　eighteen　cambric…
  fronted　shirts；　the　splendor　of　their　fineness　being　enhanced　by
  a　pair　of　pins　each　bearing　a　large　diamond；　and　connected　by　a
  short　chain；　an　ornament　which　adorned　the　vermicelli…maker's
  shirt　front。　He　usually　wore　a　coat　of　corn…flower　blue；　his
  rotund　and　portly　person　was　still　further　set　off　by　a　clean
  white　waistcoat；　and　a　gold　chain　and　seals　which　dangled　over
  that　broad　expanse。　When　his　hostess　accused　him　of　being　〃a　bit
  of　a　beau；〃　he　smiled　with　the　vanity　of　a　citizen　whose　foible
  is　gratified。　His　cupboards　（ormoires；　as　he　called　them　in　the
  popular　dialect）　were　filled　with　a　quantity　of　plate　that　he
  brought　with　him。　The　widow's　eyes　gleamed　as　she　obligingly
  helped　him　to　unpack　the　soup　ladles；　table…spoons；　forks；　cruet…
  stands；　tureens；　dishes；　and　breakfast　servicesall　of　silver；
  which　were　duly　arranged　upon　shelves；　besides　a　few　more　or　less
  handsome　pieces　of　plate；　all　weighing　no　inconsiderable　number
  of　ounces；　he　could　not　bring　himself　to　part　with　these　gifts
  that　reminded　him　of　past　domestic　festivals。
  〃This　was　my　wife's　present　to　me　on　the　first　anniversary　of　our
  wedding　day；〃　he　said　to　Mme。　Vauquer；　as　he　put　away　a　little
  silver　posset　dish；　with　two　turtle…doves　billing　on　the　cover。
  〃Poor　dear！　she　spent　on　it　all　the　money　she　had　saved　before　we
  were　married。　Do　you　know；　I　would　sooner　scratch　the　earth　with
  my　nails　for　a　living；　madame；　than　part　with　that。　But　I　shall
  be　able　to　take　my　coffee　out　of　it　every　morning　for　the　rest　of
  my　days；　thank　the　Lord！　I　am　not　to　be　pitied。　There's　not　much
  fear　of　my　starving　for　some　time　to　come。〃
  Finally；　Mme。　Vauquer's　magpie's　eye　had　discovered　and　read
  certain　entries　in　the　list　of　shareholders　in　the　funds；　and；
  after　a　rough　calculation；　was　disposed　to　credit　Goriot　（worthy
  man）　with　something　like　ten　thousand　francs　a　year。　From　that
  day　forward　Mme。　Vauquer　（nee　de　Conflans）；　who；　as　a　matter　of
  fact；　had　seen　forty…eight　summers；　though　she　would　only　own　to
  thirty…nine　of　themMme。　Vauquer　had　her　own　ideas。　Though
  Goriot's　eyes　seemed　to　have　shrunk　in　their　sockets；　though　they
  were　weak　and　watery；　owing　to　some　glandular　affection　which
  compelled　him　to　wipe　them　continually；　she　considered　him　to　be
  a　very　gentlemanly　and　pleasant…looking　man。　Moreover；　the　widow
  saw　favorable　indications　of　character　in　the　well…developed
  calves　of　his　legs　and　in　his　square…shaped　nose；　indications
  still　further　borne　out　by　the　worthy　man's　full…moon　countenance
  and　look　of　stupid　good…nature。　This；　in　all　probability；　was　a
  strongly…build　animal；　whose　brains　mostly　consisted　in　a
  capacity　for　affection。　His　hair；　worn　in　ailes　de　pigeon；　and
  duly　powdered　every　morning　by　the　barber　from　the　Ecole
  Polytechnique；　described　five　points　on　his　low　forehead；　and
  made　an　elegant　setting　to　his　face。　Though　his　manners　were
  somewhat　boorish；　he　was　always　as　neat　as　a　new　pin　and　he　took
  his　snuff　in　a　lordly　way；　like　a　man　who　knows　that　his　snuff…
  box　is　always　likely　to　be　filled　with　maccaboy；　so　that　when
  Mme。　Vauquer　lay　down　to　rest　on　the　day　of　M。　Goriot's
  installation；　her　heart；　like　a　larded　partridge；　sweltered
  before　the　fire　of　a　burning　desire　to　shake　off　the　shroud　of
  Vauquer　and　rise　again　as　Goriot。　She　would　marry　again；　sell　her
  boarding…house；　give　her　hand　to　this　fine　flower　of　citizenship；
  become　a　lady　of　consequence　in　the　quarter；　and　ask　for
  subscriptions　for　charitable　purposes；　she　would　make　little
  Sunday　excursions　to　Choisy；　Soissy；　Gentilly；　she　would　have　a
  box　at　the　theatre　when　she　liked；　instead　of　waiting　for　the
  author's　tickets　that　one　of　her　boarders　sometimes　gave　her；　in
  July；　the　whole　Eldorado　of　a　little　Parisian　household　rose　up
  before　Mme。　Vauquer　in　her　dreams。　Nobody　knew　that　she　herself
  possessed　forty　thousand　francs；　accumulated　sou　by　sou；　that　was
  her　secret；　surely　as　far　as　money　was　concerned　she　was　a　very
  tolerable　match。　〃And　in　other　respects；　I　am　quite　his　equal；〃
  she　said　to　herself；　turning　as　if　to　assure　herself　of　the
  charms　of　a　form　that　the　portly　Sylvie　found　moulded　in　down
  feathers　every　morning。
  For　three　months　from　that　day　Mme。　Veuve　Vauquer　availed　herself
  of　the　services　of　M。　Goriot's　coiffeur；　and　went　to　some　expense
  over　her　toilette；　expense　justifiable　on　the　ground　that　she
  owed　it　to　herself　and　her　establishment　to　pay　some　attention　to
  appearances　when　such　highly…respectable　persons　honored　her
  house　with　their　presence。　She　expended　no　small　amount　of
  ingenuity　in　a　sort　of　weeding　process　of　her　lodgers；　announcing
  her　intention　of　receiving　henceforward　none　but　people　who　were
  in　every　way　select。　If　a　stranger　presented　himself；　she　let　him
  know　that　M。　Goriot；　one　of　the　best　known　and　most　highly…
  respected　merchants　in　Paris；　had　singled　out　her　boarding…house
  for　a　residence。　She　drew　up　a　prospectus　headed　MAISON　VAUQUER；
  in　which　it　was　asserted　that　hers　was　〃one　of　the　oldest　and
  most　highly　recommended　boarding…houses　in　the　Latin　Quarter。〃
  〃From　the　windows　of　the　house；〃　thus　ran　the　prospectus；　〃there
  is　a　charming　view　of　the　Vallee　des　Gobelins　（so　there　isfrom
  the　third　floor）；　and　a　BEAUTIFUL　garden；　EXTENDING　down　to　AN
  AVENUE　OF　LINDENS　at　the　further　end。〃　Mention　was　made　of　the
  bracing　air　of　the　place　and　its　quiet　situation。
  It　was　this　prospectus　that　attracted　Mme。　la　Comtesse　de
  l'Ambermesnil；　a　widow　of　six　and　thirty；　who　was　awaiting　the
  final　settlement　of　her　husband's　affairs；　and　of　another　matter
  regarding　a　pension　due　to　her　as　the　wife　of　a　general　who　had
  died　〃on　the　field　of　battle。〃　On　this　Mme。　Vauquer　saw　to　her
  table；　lighted　a　fire　daily　in　the　sitting…room　for　nearly　six
  months；　and　kept　the　promise　of　her　prospectus；　even　going　to
  some　expense　to　do　so。　And　the　Countess；　on　her　side；　addressed
  Mme。　Vauquer　as　〃my　dear；〃　and　promised　her　two　more　boarders；
  the　Baronne　de　Vaumerland　and　the　widow　of　a　colonel；　the　late
  Comte　de　Picquoisie；　who　were　about　to　leave　a　boarding…house　in
  the　Marais；　where　the　terms　were　higher　than　at　the　Maison
  Vauquer。　Both　these　ladies；　moreover；　would　be　very　well　to　do
  when　the　people　at　the　War　Office　had　come　to　an　end　of　their
  formalities。　〃But　Government　departments　are　always　so　dilatory；〃
  the　lady　added。
  After　dinner　the　two　widows　went　together　up　to　Mme。　Vauquer's
  room；　and　had　a　snug　little　chat　over　some　cordial　and　various
  delicacies　reserved　for　the　mistress　of　the　house。　Mme。　Vauquer's
  ideas　as　to　Goriot　were　cordially　approved　by　Mme。　de
  l'Ambermesnil；　it　was　a　capital　notion；　which　for　that　matter　she
  had　guessed　from　the　very　first；　in　her　opinion　the　vermicelli
  maker　was　an　excellent　man。
  〃Ah！　my　dear　lady；　such　a　well…preserved　man　of　his　age；　as　sound
  as　my　eyesighta　man　who　might　make　a　woman　happy！〃　said　the
  widow。
  The　good…natured　Countess　turned　to　the　subject　of　Mme。　Vauquer's
  dress；　which　was　not　in　harmony　with　her　projects。　〃You　must　put