Nothing　can　be　more　depressing　than　the　sight　of　that　sitting…
  room。　The　furniture　is　covered　with　horse　hair　woven　in　alternate
  dull　and　glossy　stripes。　There　is　a　round　table　in　the　middle；
  with　a　purplish…red　marble　top；　on　which　there　stands；　by　way　of
  ornament；　the　inevitable　white　china　tea…service；　covered　with　a
  half…effaced　gilt　network。　The　floor　is　sufficiently　uneven；　the
  wainscot　rises　to　elbow　height；　and　the　rest　of　the　wall　space　is
  decorated　with　a　varnished　paper；　on　which　the　principal　scenes
  from　Telemaque　are　depicted；　the　various　classical　personages
  being　colored。　The　subject　between　the　two　windows　is　the　banquet
  given　by　Calypso　to　the　son　of　Ulysses；　displayed　thereon　for　the
  admiration　of　the　boarders；　and　has　furnished　jokes　these　forty
  years　to　the　young　men　who　show　themselves　superior　to　their
  position　by　making　fun　of　the　dinners　to　which　poverty　condemns
  them。　The　hearth　is　always　so　clean　and　neat　that　it　is　evident
  that　a　fire　is　only　kindled　there　on　great　occasions；　the　stone
  chimney…piece　is　adorned　by　a　couple　of　vases　filled　with　faded
  artificial　flowers　imprisoned　under　glass　shades；　on　either　side
  of　a　bluish　marble　clock　in　the　very　worst　taste。
  The　first　room　exhales　an　odor　for　which　there　is　no　name　in　the
  language；　and　which　should　be　called　the　odeur　de　pension。　The
  damp　atmosphere　sends　a　chill　through　you　as　you　breathe　it；　it
  has　a　stuffy；　musty；　and　rancid　quality；　it　permeates　your
  clothing；　after…dinner　scents　seem　to　be　mingled　in　it　with
  smells　from　the　kitchen　and　scullery　and　the　reek　of　a　hospital。
  It　might　be　possible　to　describe　it　if　some　one　should　discover　a
  process　by　which　to　distil　from　the　atmosphere　all　the　nauseating
  elements　with　which　it　is　charged　by　the　catarrhal　exhalations　of
  every　individual　lodger；　young　or　old。　Yet；　in　spite　of　these
  stale　horrors；　the　sitting…room　is　as　charming　and　as　delicately
  perfumed　as　a　boudoir；　when　compared　with　the　adjoining　dining…
  room。
  The　paneled　walls　of　that　apartment　were　once　painted　some　color；
  now　a　matter　of　conjecture；　for　the　surface　is　incrusted　with
  accumulated　layers　of　grimy　deposit；　which　cover　it　with
  fantastic　outlines。　A　collection　of　dim…ribbed　glass　decanters；
  metal　discs　with　a　satin　sheen　on　them；　and　piles　of　blue…edged
  earthenware　plates　of　Touraine　ware　cover　the　sticky　surfaces　of
  the　sideboards　that　line　the　room。　In　a　corner　stands　a　box
  containing　a　set　of　numbered　pigeon…holes；　in　which　the　lodgers'
  table　napkins；　more　or　less　soiled　and　stained　with　wine；　are
  kept。　Here　you　see　that　indestructible　furniture　never　met　with
  elsewhere；　which　finds　its　way　into　lodging…houses　much　as　the
  wrecks　of　our　civilization　drift　into　hospitals　for　incurables。
  You　expect　in　such　places　as　these　to　find　the　weather…house
  whence　a　Capuchin　issues　on　wet　days；　you　look　to　find　the
  execrable　engravings　which　spoil　your　appetite；　framed　every　one
  in　a　black　varnished　frame；　with　a　gilt　beading　round　it；　you
  know　the　sort　of　tortoise…shell　clock…case；　inlaid　with　brass；
  the　green　stove；　the　Argand　lamps；　covered　with　oil　and　dust；
  have　met　your　eyes　before。　The　oilcloth　which　covers　the　long
  table　is　so　greasy　that　a　waggish　externe　will　write　his　name　on
  the　surface；　using　his　thumb…nail　as　a　style。　The　chairs　are
  broken…down　invalids；　the　wretched　little　hempen　mats　slip　away
  from　under　your　feet　without　slipping　away　for　good；　and　finally；
  the　foot…warmers　are　miserable　wrecks；　hingeless；　charred；　broken
  away　about　the　holes。　It　would　be　impossible　to　give　an　idea　of
  the　old；　rotten；　shaky；　cranky；　worm…eaten；　halt；　maimed；　one…
  eyed；　rickety；　and　ramshackle　condition　of　the　furniture　without
  an　exhaustive　description；　which　would　delay　the　progress　of　the
  story　to　an　extent　that　impatient　people　would　not　pardon。　The
  red　tiles　of　the　floor　are　full　of　depressions　brought　about　by
  scouring　and　periodical　renewings　of　color。　In　short；　there　is　no
  illusory　grace　left　to　the　poverty　that　reigns　here；　it　is　dire；
  parsimonious；　concentrated；　threadbare　poverty；　as　yet　it　has　not
  sunk　into　the　mire；　it　is　only　splashed　by　it；　and　though　not　in
  rags　as　yet；　its　clothing　is　ready　to　drop　to　pieces。
  This　apartment　is　in　all　its　glory　at　seven　o'clock　in　the
  morning；　when　Mme。　Vauquer's　cat　appears；　announcing　the　near
  approach　of　his　mistress；　and　jumps　upon　the　sideboards　to　sniff
  at　the　milk　in　the　bowls；　each　protected　by　a　plate；　while　he
  purrs　his　morning　greeting　to　the　world。　A　moment　later　the　widow
  shows　her　face；　she　is　tricked　out　in　a　net　cap　attached　to　a
  false　front　set　on　awry；　and　shuffles　into　the　room　in　her
  slipshod　fashion。　She　is　an　oldish　woman；　with　a　bloated
  countenance；　and　a　nose　like　a　parrot's　beak　set　in　the　middle　of
  it；　her　fat　little　hands　（she　is　as　sleek　as　a　church　rat）　and
  her　shapeless；　slouching　figure　are　in　keeping　with　the　room　that
  reeks　of　misfortune；　where　hope　is　reduced　to　speculate　for　the
  meanest　stakes。　Mme。　Vauquer　alone　can　breathe　that　tainted　air
  without　being　disheartened　by　it。　Her　face　is　as　fresh　as　a
  frosty　morning　in　autumn；　there　are　wrinkles　about　the　eyes　that
  vary　in　their　expression　from　the　set　smile　of　a　ballet…dancer　to
  the　dark；　suspicious　scowl　of　a　discounter　of　bills；　in　short；
  she　is　at　once　the　embodiment　and　interpretation　of　her　lodging…
  house；　as　surely　as　her　lodging…house　implies　the　existence　of
  its　mistress。　You　can　no　more　imagine　the　one　without　the　other；
  than　you　can　think　of　a　jail　without　a　turnkey。　The　unwholesome
  corpulence　of　the　little　woman　is　produced　by　the　life　she　leads；
  just　as　typhus　fever　is　bred　in　the　tainted　air　of　a　hospital。
  The　very　knitted　woolen　petticoat　that　she　wears　beneath　a　skirt
  made　of　an　old　gown；　with　the　wadding　protruding　through　the
  rents　in　the　material；　is　a　sort　of　epitome　of　the　sitting…room；
  the　dining…room；　and　the　little　garden；　it　discovers　the　cook；　it
  foreshadows　the　lodgersthe　picture　of　the　house　is　completed　by
  the　portrait　of　its　mistress。
  Mme。　Vauquer　at　the　age　of　fifty　is　like　all　women　who　〃have　seen
  a　deal　of　trouble。〃　She　has　the　glassy　eyes　and　innocent　air　of　a
  trafficker　in　flesh　and　blood；　who　will　wax　virtuously　indignant
  to　obtain　a　higher　price　for　her　services；　but　who　is　quite　ready
  to　betray　a　Georges　or　a　Pichegru；　if　a　Georges　or　a　Pichegru
  were　in　hiding　and　still　to　be　betrayed；　or　for　any　other
  expedient　that　may　alleviate　her　lot。　Still；　〃she　is　a　good　woman
  at　bottom；〃　said　the　lodgers　who　believed　that　the　widow　was
  wholly　dependent　upon　the　money　that　they　paid　her；　and
  sympathized　when　they　heard　her　cough　and　groan　like　one　of
  themselves。
  What　had　M。　Vauquer　been？　The　lady　was　never　very　explicit　on
  this　head。　How　had　she　lost　her　money？　〃Through　trouble；〃　was　her
  answer。　He　had　treated　her　badly；　had　left　her　nothing　but　her
  eyes　to　cry　over　his　cruelty；　the　house　she　lived　in；　and　the
  privilege　of　pitying　nobody；　because；　so　she　was　wont　to　say；　she
  herself　had　been　through　every　possible　misfortune。
  Sylvie；　the　stout　cook；　hearing　her　mistress'　shuffling
  footsteps；　hastened　to　serve　the　lodgers'　breakfasts。　Beside
  those　who　lived　in　the　house；　Mme。　Vauquer　took　boarders　who　came
  for　their　meals；　but　these　externes　usually　only　came　to　dinner；
  for　which　they　paid　thirty　francs　a　month。
  At　the　time　when　this　story　begins；　the　lodging…house　contained
  seven　inmates。　The　best　rooms　in　the　house　were　on　the　first
  story；　Mme。　Vauquer　herself　occupying　the　least　important；　while
  the　rest　were　let　to　a　Mme。　Couture；　the　widow　of　a　commissary…
  general　in　the　service　of　the　Republic。　With　her　lived　Victorine
  Taillefer；　a　schoolgirl；　to　whom　she　filled　the　place　of　mother。
  These　two　ladies　paid　eighteen　hundred　francs　a　year。
  The　two　sets　of　rooms　on　the　second　floor　were　respectively
  occupied　by　an　old　man　named　Poiret　and　a　man　of　forty　or
  thereabouts；　the　wearer　of　a　black　wig　and　dyed　whiskers；　who
  gave　out　that　he　was　a　retired　merchant；　and　was　addressed　as　M。
  Vautrin。　Two　of　the　four　rooms　on　the　third　floor　were　also　let
  one　to　an　elderly　spinster；　a　Mlle。　Michonneau；　and　the　other　to
  a　retired　manufacturer　of　vermicelli；　Italian　paste　and　starch；
  who　allowed　the　others　to　address　him　as　〃Father　Goriot。〃　The
  remaining　rooms　were　allotted　to　various　birds　of　passage；　to
  impecunious　students；　who　like　〃Father　Goriot〃　and　Mlle。
  Michonneau；　could　only　muster　forty…five　francs　a　month　to　pay
  for　their　board　and　lodging。　Mme。　Vauquer　had　little　desire　for
  lodgers　of　this　sort；　they　ate　too　much　bread；　and　she　only　took
  them　in　default　of　better。
  At　that　time　one　of　the　rooms　was　tenanted　by　a　law　student；　a
  young　man　from　the　neighborhood　of　Angouleme；　one　of　a　large
  family　who　pinched　and　starved　themselves　to　spare　twelve　hundred
  francs　a　year　for　him。　Misfortune　had　accustomed　Eugene　de
  Rastignac；　for　that　was　his