Father　Goriot
  by　Honore　de　Balzac
  Translated　by　Ellen　Marriage
  To　the　great　and　illustrious　Geoffroy　Saint…Hilaire；　a　token
  of　admiration　for　his　works　and　genius。
  DE　BALZAC。
  Mme。　Vauquer　（nee　de　Conflans）　is　an　elderly　person；　who　for　the
  past　forty　years　has　kept　a　lodging…house　in　the　Rue　Nueve…
  Sainte…Genevieve；　in　the　district　that　lies　between　the　Latin
  Quarter　and　the　Faubourg　Saint…Marcel。　Her　house　（known　in　the
  neighborhood　as　the　Maison　Vauquer）　receives　men　and　women；　old
  and　young；　and　no　word　has　ever　been　breathed　against　her
  respectable　establishment；　but；　at　the　same　time；　it　must　be　said
  that　as　a　matter　of　fact　no　young　woman　has　been　under　her　roof
  for　thirty　years；　and　that　if　a　young　man　stays　there　for　any
  length　of　time　it　is　a　sure　sign　that　his　allowance　must　be　of
  the　slenderest。　In　1819；　however；　the　time　when　this　drama　opens；
  there　was　an　almost　penniless　young　girl　among　Mme。　Vauquer's
  boarders。
  That　word　drama　has　been　somewhat　discredited　of　late；　it　has
  been　overworked　and　twisted　to　strange　uses　in　these　days　of
  dolorous　literature；　but　it　must　do　service　again　here；　not
  because　this　story　is　dramatic　in　the　restricted　sense　of　the
  word；　but　because　some　tears　may　perhaps　be　shed　intra　et　extra
  muros　before　it　is　over。
  Will　any　one　without　the　walls　of　Paris　understand　it？　It　is　open
  to　doubt。　The　only　audience　who　could　appreciate　the　results　of
  close　observation；　the　careful　reproduction　of　minute　detail　and
  local　color；　are　dwellers　between　the　heights　of　Montrouge　and
  Montmartre；　in　a　vale　of　crumbling　stucco　watered　by　streams　of
  black　mud；　a　vale　of　sorrows　which　are　real　and　joys　too　often
  hollow；　but　this　audience　is　so　accustomed　to　terrible
  sensations；　that　only　some　unimaginable　and　well…neigh　impossible
  woe　could　produce　any　lasting　impression　there。　Now　and　again
  there　are　tragedies　so　awful　and　so　grand　by　reason　of　the
  complication　of　virtues　and　vices　that　bring　them　about；　that
  egotism　and　selfishness　are　forced　to　pause　and　are　moved　to
  pity；　but　the　impression　that　they　receive　is　like　a　luscious
  fruit；　soon　consumed。　Civilization；　like　the　car　of　Juggernaut；
  is　scarcely　stayed　perceptibly　in　its　progress　by　a　heart　less
  easy　to　break　than　the　others　that　lie　in　its　course；　this　also
  is　broken；　and　Civilization　continues　on　her　course　triumphant。
  And　you；　too；　will　do　the　like；　you　who　with　this　book　in　your
  white　hand　will　sink　back　among　the　cushions　of　your　armchair；
  and　say　to　yourself；　〃Perhaps　this　may　amuse　me。〃　You　will　read
  the　story　of　Father　Goriot's　secret　woes；　and；　dining　thereafter
  with　an　unspoiled　appetite；　will　lay　the　blame　of　your
  insensibility　upon　the　writer；　and　accuse　him　of　exaggeration；　of
  writing　romances。　Ah！　once　for　all；　this　drama　is　neither　a
  fiction　nor　a　romance！　ALL　IS　TRUE；so　true；　that　every　one　can
  discern　the　elements　of　the　tragedy　in　his　own　house；　perhaps　in
  his　own　heart。
  The　lodging…house　is　Mme。　Vauquer's　own　property。　It　is　still
  standing　in　the　lower　end　of　the　Rue　Nueve…Sainte…Genevieve；　just
  where　the　road　slopes　so　sharply　down　to　the　Rue　de　l'Arbalete；
  that　wheeled　traffic　seldom　passes　that　way；　because　it　is　so
  stony　and　steep。　This　position　is　sufficient　to　account　for　the
  silence　prevalent　in　the　streets　shut　in　between　the　dome　of　the
  Pantheon　and　the　dome　of　the　Val…de…Grace；　two　conspicuous　public
  buildings　which　give　a　yellowish　tone　to　the　landscape　and　darken
  the　whole　district　that　lies　beneath　the　shadow　of　their　leaden…
  hued　cupolas。
  In　that　district　the　pavements　are　clean　and　dry；　there　is
  neither　mud　nor　water　in　the　gutters；　grass　grows　in　the　chinks
  of　the　walls。　The　most　heedless　passer…by　feels　the　depressing
  influences　of　a　place　where　the　sound　of　wheels　creates　a
  sensation；　there　is　a　grim　look　about　the　houses；　a　suggestion　of
  a　jail　about　those　high　garden　walls。　A　Parisian　straying　into　a
  suburb　apparently　composed　of　lodging…houses　and　public
  institutions　would　see　poverty　and　dullness；　old　age　lying　down
  to　die；　and　joyous　youth　condemned　to　drudgery。　It　is　the　ugliest
  quarter　of　Paris；　and；　it　may　be　added；　the　least　known。　But；
  before　all　things；　the　Rue　Nueve…Sainte…Genevieve　is　like　a
  bronze　frame　for　a　picture　for　which　the　mind　cannot　be　too　well
  prepared　by　the　contemplation　of　sad　hues　and　sober　images。　Even
  so；　step　by　step　the　daylight　decreases；　and　the　cicerone's
  droning　voice　grows　hollower　as　the　traveler　descends　into　the
  Catacombs。　The　comparison　holds　good！　Who　shall　say　which　is　more
  ghastly；　the　sight　of　the　bleached　skulls　or　of　dried…up　human
  hearts？
  The　front　of　the　lodging…house　is　at　right　angles　to　the　road；
  and　looks　out　upon　a　little　garden；　so　that　you　see　the　side　of
  the　house　in　section；　as　it　were；　from　the　Rue　Nueve…Sainte…
  Genevieve。　Beneath　the　wall　of　the　house　front　there　lies　a
  channel；　a　fathom　wide；　paved　with　cobble…stones；　and　beside　it
  runs　a　graveled　walk　bordered　by　geraniums　and　oleanders　and
  pomegranates　set　in　great　blue　and　white　glazed　earthenware　pots。
  Access　into　the　graveled　walk　is　afforded　by　a　door；　above　which
  the　words　MAISON　VAUQUER　may　be　read；　and　beneath；　in　rather
  smaller　letters；　〃Lodgings　for　both　sexes；　etc。〃
  During　the　day　a　glimpse　into　the　garden　is　easily　obtained
  through　a　wicket　to　which　a　bell　is　attached。　On　the　opposite
  wall；　at　the　further　end　of　the　graveled　walk；　a　green　marble
  arch　was　painted　once　upon　a　time　by　a　local　artist；　and　in　this
  semblance　of　a　shrine　a　statue　representing　Cupid　is　installed；　a
  Parisian　Cupid；　so　blistered　and　disfigured　that　he　looks　like　a
  candidate　for　one　of　the　adjacent　hospitals；　and　might　suggest　an
  allegory　to　lovers　of　symbolism。　The　half…obliterated　inscription
  on　the　pedestal　beneath　determines　the　date　of　this　work　of　art；
  for　it　bears　witness　to　the　widespread　enthusiasm　felt　for
  Voltaire　on　his　return　to　Paris　in　1777：
  〃Whoe'er　thou　art；　thy　master　see；
  He　is；　or　was；　or　ought　to　be。〃
  At　night　the　wicket　gate　is　replaced　by　a　solid　door。　The　little
  garden　is　no　wider　than　the　front　of　the　house；　it　is　shut　in
  between　the　wall　of　the　street　and　the　partition　wall　of　the
  neighboring　house。　A　mantle　of　ivy　conceals　the　bricks　and
  attracts　the　eyes　of　passers…by　to　an　effect　which　is　picturesque
  in　Paris；　for　each　of　the　walls　is　covered　with　trellised　vines
  that　yield　a　scanty　dusty　crop　of　fruit；　and　furnish　besides　a
  subject　of　conversation　for　Mme。　Vauquer　and　her　lodgers；　every
  year　the　widow　trembles　for　her　vintage。
  A　straight　path　beneath　the　walls　on　either　side　of　the　garden
  leads　to　a　clump　of　lime…trees　at　the　further　end　of　it；　LINE…
  trees；　as　Mme。　Vauquer　persists　in　calling　them；　in　spite　of　the
  fact　that　she　was　a　de　Conflans；　and　regardless　of　repeated
  corrections　from　her　lodgers。
  The　central　space　between　the　walls　is　filled　with　artichokes　and
  rows　of　pyramid　fruit…trees；　and　surrounded　by　a　border　of
  lettuce；　pot…herbs；　and　parsley。　Under　the　lime…trees　there　are　a
  few　green…painted　garden　seats　and　a　wooden　table；　and　hither；
  during　the　dog…days；　such　of　the　lodgers　as　are　rich　enough　to
  indulge　in　a　cup　of　coffee　come　to　take　their　pleasure；　though　it
  is　hot　enough　to　roast　eggs　even　in　the　shade。
  The　house　itself　is　three　stories　high；　without　counting　the
  attics　under　the　roof。　It　is　built　of　rough　stone；　and　covered
  with　the　yellowish　stucco　that　gives　a　mean　appearance　to　almost
  every　house　in　Paris。　There　are　five　windows　in　each　story　in　the
  front　of　the　house；　all　the　blinds　visible　through　the　small
  square　panes　are　drawn　up　awry；　so　that　the　lines　are　all　at
  cross　purposes。　At　the　side　of　the　house　there　are　but　two
  windows　on　each　floor；　and　the　lowest　of　all　are　adorned　with　a
  heavy　iron　grating。
  Behind　the　house　a　yard　extends　for　some　twenty　feet；　a　space
  inhabited　by　a　happy　family　of　pigs；　poultry；　and　rabbits；　the
  wood…shed　is　situated　on　the　further　side；　and　on　the　wall
  between　the　wood…shed　and　the　kitchen　window　hangs　the　meat…safe；
  just　above　the　place　where　the　sink　discharges　its　greasy
  streams。　The　cook　sweeps　all　the　refuse　out　through　a　little　door
  into　the　Rue　Nueve…Sainte…Genevieve；　and　frequently　cleanses　the
  yard　with　copious　supplies　of　water；　under　pain　of　pestilence。
  The　house　might　have　been　built　on　purpose　for　its　present　uses。
  Access　is　given　by　a　French　window　to　the　first　room　on　the
  ground　floor；　a　sitting…room　which　looks　out　upon　the　street
  through　the　two　barred　windows　already　mentioned。　Another　door
  opens　out　of　it　into　the　dining…room；　which　is　separated　from　the
  kitchen　by　the　well　of　the　staircase；　the　steps　being　constructed
  partly　of　wood；　partly　of　tiles；　which　are　colored　and　beeswaxed。
  Nothing　can　be　more　depressing　than　the　sight　of　that　sitting…
  room。　The　furniture　is　cover