第 7 节
作者:卖吻      更新:2024-04-09 19:51      字数:9321
  populated   city   to   spring   up   here;   if   organised   in   the   way   proposed;   and
  plots of land will become as valuable to owners out there as they are to
  those who possess them in the neighbourhood of the capital。
  '63'    I  adopt    Zurborg's     correction;     {prosphora}       for   {eisphora};     as
  obviously right。 See above; iv。 23。
  If; at this point; I may assume my proposals to have been carried into
  effect; I think I can promise; not only that our city shall be relieved from a
  financial strain; but that she shall make a great stride in orderliness and in
  tactical organisation; she shall grow in martial spirit and readiness for war。
  I   anticipate   that   those   who   are   under   orders   to   go     through   gymnastic
  training   will   devote      themselves   with   a     new   zeal   to   the   details   of  the
  training school; now that they will receive a larger maintenance whilst'64'
  under the orders of the trainer in the torch race。 So again those on garrison
  duty     in  the  various     fortresses;    those   enrolled    as   peltasts;   or  again    as
  frontier police to protect the rural districts; one and all will carry out their
  respective duties more ardently when the maintenance'64' appropriate to
  these several functions is duly forthcoming。
  '64'    I  follow    Zurborg     in   omitting    {e}。   If  {e}    is  to  stand;   transl。
  〃than they get whilst supplied by the gymnasiarch in the torch                           race;〃
  or   〃whilst   exercising   the   office   of   gymnasiarchs              themselves。〃   See
  〃Pol。 Ath。〃 i。 13。
  '65' 〃State aid。〃
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  V
  But now; if it is evident that; in order to get the full benefit of all these
  sources of revenue;'1' peace is an indispensable condition if that is plain;
  I say; the question suggests itself; would it not be worth while to appoint a
  board to act as guardians of peace? Since no doubt the election of such a
  magistracy would enhance the charm of this city in the eyes of the whole
  world;   and   add   largely   to   the   number   of   our   visitors。   But   if   any   one   is
  disposed   to   take   the   view;   that   by  adopting   a   persistent   peace   policy;'2'
  this city will be shorn of her power; that her glory will dwindle and her
  good name be forgotten throughout the length and breadth of Hellas; the
  view so   taken   by  our   friends   here'3'  is   in   my  poor   judgment   somewhat
  unreasonable。       For   they   are   surely    the  happy     states;  they;   in  popular
  language;   are   most   fortune…favoured;   which   endure   in   peace   the   longest
  season。   And   of   all   states   Athens   is   pre…eminently   adapted   by   nature   to
  flourish and wax strong in peace。 The while she abides in peace she cannot
  fail   to  exercise    an   attractive   force   on   all。  From    the  mariner     and   the
  merchant upwards; all seek her; flocking they come; the wealthy dealers in
  corn and wine'4' and oil; the owner of many cattle。 And not these only;
  but the man who depends upon his wits; whose skill it is to do business
  and   make   gain   out   of   money'5'   and   its   employment。 And   here   another
  crowd; artificers of all sorts; artists and artisans; professors of wisdom;'6'
  philosophers;      and    poets;   with   those   who     exhibit   and   popularise     their
  works。'7'   And   next   a   new   train   of   pleasure…seekers;   eager   to   feast   on
  everything sacred or secular;'8' which may captivate and charm eye and
  ear。 Or once again; where are all those who seek to effect a rapid sale or
  purchase   of   a   thousand   commodities;   to   find   what   they   want;   if   not   at
  Athens?
  '1'   Or;   〃to   set  these   several    sources    of   revenue     flowing    in   full
  stream。〃
  '2'   Cf。   〃a   policy   of   peace   at   any   price;〃   or;   〃by   persisting   for   any
  length of time in the enjoyment of peace。〃
  '3' {kai outoi ge}。 The speaker waves his hand to the quarter of the
  house where the anti…peace party is seated。
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  '4' After Zurborg; I omit {oukh oi eduoinoi}。
  '5' Reading {kai ap arguriou}; with Zurborg。
  '6' Lit。 〃Sophists。〃 See Grote; 〃H。 G。〃 viii。 lxvii。 note; p。 497。
  '7'    E。g。   chorus…trainers;      musicians;     grammarians;       rhapsodists;     and
  actors。
  '8' Or; 〃sacred and profane。〃
  But   if   there   is   no  desire   to   gainsay   these   viewsonly   that   certain
  people; in their wish to recover that headship'9' which was once the pride
  of our city; are persuaded that the accomplishment of their hopes is to be
  found; not in peace but in war; I beg them to reflect on some matters of
  history; and to begin at the beginning;'10' the Median war。 Was it by high…
  handed violence; or as benefactors of the Hellenes; that we obtained the
  headship      of   the   naval   forces;    and   the   trusteeship     of  the   treasury    of
  Hellas?'11' Again; when through the too cruel exercise of her presidency;
  as men thought; Athens was deprived of her empire; is it not the case that
  even in those days;'12' as soon as we held aloof from injustice we were
  once more reinstated by the islanders; of their own free will; as presidents
  of   the   naval   force?   Nay;   did   not   the   very  Thebans;   in   return   for   certain
  benefits; grant to us Athenians to exercise leadership over them?'13' And
  at   another   date the   Lacedaemonans   suffered us Athenians   to   arrange   the
  terms of hegemony'14' at our discretion; not as driven to such submission;
  but   in   requital   of   kindly   treatment。 And   to…day;   owing   to   the   chaos'15'
  which reigns in Hellas; if I mistake not; an opportunity has fallen to this
  city of winning back our fellow…Hellenes without pain or peril or expense
  of any sort。 It is given to us to try and harmonise states which are at war
  with   one   another:   it   is   given   to   us   to   reconcile   the   differences   of   rival
  factions within those states themselves; wherever existing。
  '9' Lit。 〃her hegemony for the city;〃 B。C。 476。
  '10' 〃And first of all。〃
  '11' See Thuc。 i。 96。
  '12'   B。C。   378。   Second   confederacy   of   Delos。   See   Grote;   〃H。   G。〃   x。
  152。
  '13'   B。C。   375。   Cf。   〃Hell。〃   V。   iv。   62;   Grote;   〃H。   G。〃   x。   139;   Isocr。
  〃Or。〃 xiv。 20; Diod。 Sic。 xv。 29。
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  '14' B。C。 369 (al。 B。C。 368)。 Cf。 〃Hell。〃 VII。 i。 14。
  '15' See 〃Hell。〃VII。 v。 27。
  Make       it   but    evident     that    we    are    minded      to    preserve     the
  independence'16'   of   the   Delphic   shrine   in   its   primitive   integrity;   not   by
  joining   in   any   war   but   by   the   moral   force   of   embassies   throughout   the
  length and breadth of Hellasand I for one shall not be astonished if you
  find our brother Hellenes of one sentiment and eager under seal of solemn
  oaths'17'      to  proceed     against    those;   whoever     they   may     be;  who    shall
  seek'18' to step into the place vacated by the Phocians and to occupy the
  sacred shrine。  Make   it but   evident   that you   intend   to   establish a general
  peace   by   land   and   sea;   and;   if   I   mistake   not;   your   efforts   will   find   a
  response      in  the   hearts   of  all。  There    is  no  man    but   will   pray   for  the
  salvation of Athens next to that of his own fatherland。
  '16' 〃Autonomy。〃
  '17' See Thuc。 v。 18; clause 2 of the Treaty of Peace; B。C。 422…421。
  '18'     Reading;       with    Zurborg;      {peironto}。       Or;   if   the    vulgate
  {epeironto}; transl。 〃against those who sought to step。〃
  Again; is any one persuaded that; looking solely to riches and money…
  making; the state may find war more profitable than peace? If so; I cannot
  conceive a better method to decide that question than to allow the mind to
  revert'19' to the past history of the state and to note well the sequence of
  events。   He   will   discover   that   in   times   long   gone   by   during   a   period   of
  peace vast wealth was stored up in the acropolis; the whole of which was
  lavishly expended during a subsequent period of war。 He will perceive; if
  he examines closely; that even at the present time we are suffering from its
  ill effects。 Countless sources of revenue have failed; or if they have still