slaves　from　Algiers；　Tunis；　and　Tetuan；　added　to　its　motley　variety
  of　words　from　the　relics　of　the　broken　Arabic　and　Turkish；　which
  they　had　acquired　during　their　captivity。　　The　greater　part　of　the
  Germania；　however；　remained　strictly　metaphorical；　and　we　are　aware
  of　no　better　means　of　conveying　an　idea　of　the　principle　on　which
  it　is　formed；　than　by　quoting　from　the　first　romance　of　Hidalgo；
  where　particular　mention　is　made　of　this　jargon：…
  'A　la　cama　llama　Blanda
  Donde　Sornan　en　poblado
  A　la　Fresada　Vellosa；
  Que　mucho　vello　ha　criado。
  Dice　a　la　sabana　Alba
  Porque　es　alba　en　sumo　grado；
  A　la　camisa　Carona；
  Al　jubon　llama　apretado：
  Dice　al　Sayo　Tapador
  Porque　le　lleva　tapado。
  Llama　a　los　zapatos　Duros；
  Que　las　piedras　van　pisando。
  A　la　capa　llama　nuve；
  Dice　al　Sombrero　Texado。
  Respeto　llama　a　la　Espada；
  Que　por　ella　es　respetado；'　etc。　etc。
  HIDALGO；　p。　22…3。
  After　these　few　remarks　on　the　ancient　Germania　of　Spain；　we　now
  proceed　to　the　modern；　which　differs　considerably　from　the　former。
  The　principal　cause　of　this　difference　is　to　be　attributed　to　the
  adoption　by　the　Spanish　outlaws；　in　latter　years；　of　a　considerable
  number　of　words　belonging　to；　or　modified　from；　the　Rommany；　or
  language　of　the　Gitanos。　　The　Gitanos　of　Spain；　during　the　last
  half…century；　having；　in　a　great　degree；　abandoned　the　wandering
  habit　of　life　which　once　constituted　one　of　their　most　remarkable
  peculiarities；　and　residing；　at　present；　more　in　the　cities　than　in
  the　fields；　have　come　into　closer　contact　with　the　great　body　of
  the　Spanish　nation　than　was　in　former　days　their　practice。　　From
  their　living　thus　in　towns；　their　language　has　not　only　undergone
  much　corruption；　but　has　become；　to　a　slight　degree；　known　to　the
  dregs　of　society；　amongst　whom　they　reside。　　The　thieves'　dialect
  of　the　present　day　exhibits；　therefore；　less　of　the　allegorical
  language　preserved　in　the　pages　of　Hidalgo　than　of　the　Gypsy
  tongue。　　It　must　be　remarked；　however；　that　it　is　very　scanty；　and
  that　the　whole　robber　phraseology　at　present　used　in　Spain　barely
  amounts　to　two　hundred　words；　which　are　utterly　insufficient　to
  express　the　very　limited　ideas　of　the　outcasts　who　avail　themselves
  of　it。
  Concerning　the　Germania　of　France；　or　'Argot；'　as　it　is　called；　it
  is　unnecessary　to　make　many　observations；　as　what　has　been　said　of
  the　language　of　Hidalgo　and　the　Red　Italian　is　almost　in　every
  respect　applicable　to　it。　　As　early　as　the　middle　of　the　sixteenth
  century　a　vocabulary　of　this　jargon　was　published　under　the　title
  of　LANGUE　DES　ESCROCS；　at　Paris。　　Those　who　wish　to　study　it　as　it
  at　present　exists　can　do　no　better　than　consult　LES　MEMOIRES　DE
  VIDOCQ；　where　a　multitude　of　words　in　Argot　are　to　be　found；　and
  also　several　songs；　the　subjects　of　which　are　thievish　adventures。
  The　first　vocabulary　of　the　'Cant　Language；'　or　English　Germania；
  appeared　in　the　year　1680；　appended　to　the　life　of　THE　ENGLISH
  ROGUE；　a　work　which；　in　many　respects；　resembles　the　HISTORY　OF
  GUZMAN　D'ALFARACHE；　though　it　is　written　with　considerably　more
  genius　than　the　Spanish　novel；　every　chapter　abounding　with
  remarkable　adventures　of　the　robber　whose　life　it　pretends　to
  narrate；　and　which　are　described　with　a　kind　of　ferocious　energy；
  which；　if　it　do　not　charm　the　attention　of　the　reader；　at　least
  enslaves　it；　holding　it　captive　with　a　chain　of　iron。　　Amongst　his
  other　adventures；　the　hero　falls　in　with　a　Gypsy　encampment；　is
  enrolled　amongst　the　fraternity；　and　is　allotted　a　'mort；'　or
  concubine；　a　barbarous　festival　ensues；　at　the　conclusion　of　which
  an　epithalamium　is　sung　in　the　Gypsy　language；　as　it　is　called　in
  the　work　in　question。　　Neither　the　epithalamium；　however；　nor　the
  vocabulary；　are　written　in　the　language　of　the　English　Gypsies；　but
  in　the　'Cant；'　or　allegorical　robber　dialect；　which　is　sufficient
  proof　that　the　writer；　however　well　acquainted　with　thieves　in
  general；　their　customs　and　manners　of　life；　was　in　respect　to　the
  Gypsies　profoundly　ignorant。　　His　vocabulary；　however；　has　been
  always　accepted　as　the　speech　of　the　English　Gypsies；　whereas　it　is
  at　most　entitled　to　be　considered　as　the　peculiar　speech　of　the
  thieves　and　vagabonds　of　his　time。　　The　cant　of　the　present　day；
  which；　though　it　differs　in　some　respects　from　the　vocabulary
  already　mentioned；　is　radically　the　same；　is　used　not　only　by　the
  thieves　in　town　and　country；　but　by　the　jockeys　of　the　racecourse
  and　the　pugilists　of　the　'ring。'　As　a　specimen　of　the　cant　of
  England；　we　shall　take　the　liberty　of　quoting　the　epithalamium　to
  which　we　have　above　alluded：…
  'Bing　out；　bien　morts；　and　tour　and　tour
  Bing　out；　bien　morts　and　tour；
  For　all　your　duds　are　bing'd　awast；
  The　bien　cove　hath　the　loure。　（78）
  'I　met　a　dell；　I　viewed　her　well；
  She　was　benship　to　my　watch：
  So　she　and　I　did　stall　and　cloy
  Whatever　we　could　catch。
  'This　doxy　dell　can　cut　ben　whids；
  And　wap　well　for　a　win；
  And　prig　and　cloy　so　benshiply；
  All　daisy…ville　within。
  'The　hoyle　was　up；　we　had　good　luck；
  In　frost　for　and　in　snow；
  Men　they　did　seek；　then　we　did　creep
  And　plant　the　roughman's　low。'
  It　is　scarcely　necessary　to　say　anything　more　upon　the　Germania　in
  general　or　in　particular；　we　believe　that　we　have　achieved　the　task
  which　we　marked　out　for　ourselves；　and　have　conveyed　to　our　readers
  a　clear　and　distinct　idea　of　what　it　is。　　We　have　shown　that　it　has
  been　erroneously　confounded　with　the　Rommany；　or　Gitano　language；
  with　which　it　has　nevertheless　some　points　of　similarity。　　The　two
  languages　are；　at　the　present　day；　used　for　the　same　purpose；
  namely；　to　enable　habitual　breakers　of　the　law　to　carry　on　their
  consultations　with　more　secrecy　and　privacy　than　by　the　ordinary
  means。　　Yet　it　must　not　be　forgotten　that　the　thieves'　jargon　was
  invented　for　that　purpose；　whilst　the　Rommany；　originally　the
  proper　and　only　speech　of　a　particular　nation；　has　been　preserved
  from　falling　into　entire　disuse　and　oblivion；　because　adapted　to
  answer　the　same　end。　　It　was　impossible　to　treat　of　the　Rommany　in
  a　manner　calculated　to　exhaust　the　subject；　and　to　leave　no　ground
  for　future　cavilling；　without　devoting　a　considerable　space　to　the
  consideration　of　the　robber　dialect；　on　which　account　we　hope　we
  shall　be　excused　many　of　the　dry　details　which　we　have　introduced
  into　the　present　essay。　　There　is　a　link　of　connection　between　the
  history　of　the　Roma；　or　wanderers　from　Hindustan；　who　first　made
  their　appearance　in　Europe　at　the　commencement　of　the　fifteenth
  century；　and　that　of　modern　roguery。　　Many　of　the　arts　which　the
  Gypsies　proudly　call　their　own；　and　which　were　perhaps　at　one
  period　peculiar　to　them；　have　become　divulged；　and　are　now
  practised　by　the　thievish　gentry　who　infest　the　various　European
  states；　a　result　which；　we　may　assert　with　confidence；　was　brought
  about　by　the　alliance　of　the　Gypsies　being　eagerly　sought　on　their
  first　arrival　by　the　thieves；　who；　at　one　period；　were　less　skilful
  than　the　former　in　the　ways　of　deceit　and　plunder；　which　kind　of
  association　continued　and　held　good　until　the　thieves　had　acquired
  all　they　wished　to　learn；　when　they　left　the　Gypsies　in　the　fields
  and　plains；　so　dear　to　them　from　their　vagabond　and　nomad　habits；
  and　returned　to　the　towns　and　cities。　　Yet　from　this　temporary
  association　were　produced　two　results；　European　fraud　became
  sharpened　by　coming　into　contact　with　Asiatic　craft；　whilst
  European　tongues；　by　imperceptible　degrees；　became　recruited　with
  various　words　（some　of　them　wonderfully　expressive）；　many　of　which
  have　long　been　stumbling…stocks　to　the　philologist；　who；　whilst
  stigmatising　them　as　words　of　mere　vulgar　invention；　or　of　unknown
  origin；　has　been　far　from　dreaming　that　by　a　little　more　research
  he　might　have　traced　them　to　the　Sclavonic；　Persian；　or　Romaic；　or
  perhaps　to　the　mysterious　object　of　his　veneration；　the　Sanscrit；
  the　sacred　tongue　of　the　palm…covered　regions　of　Ind；　words
  originally　introduced　into　Europe　by　objects　too　miserable　to
  occupy　for　a　moment　his　lettered　attention　…　the　despised　denizens
  of　the　tents　of　Roma。
  ON　THE　TERM　'BUSNO'
  Those　who　have　done　me　the　honour　to　peruse　this　strange　wandering
  book　of　mine；　must　frequently　have　noticed　the　word　'Busno；'　a　term
  bestowed　by　the　Spanish　Gypsy　on　his　good　friend　the　Spaniard。　　As
  the　present　will　probably　be　the　last　occasion　which　I　shall　have
  to　speak　of　the　Gitanos　or　anyt