within　or　without　their　houses；　or　to　make　use　of　them　in　any　way
  whatever；　under　the　penalty　of　two　months'　imprisonment　and　the
  forfeiture　of　such　animals；　and　any　one　lending　them　a　horse　or　a
  mare　is　to　forfeit　the　same；　if　it　be　found　in　their　possession。
  They　are　declared　only　capable　of　keeping　a　mule；　or　some　lesser
  beast；　to　assist　them　in　their　labour；　or　for　the　use　of　their
  families。
  By　the　twelfth；　they　are　to　be　punished　with　six　years　in　the
  galleys；　if　they　leave　the　towns　or　villages　in　which　they　are
  located；　and　pass　to　others；　or　wander　in　the　fields　or　roads；　and
  they　are　only　to　be　permitted　to　go　out；　in　order　to　exercise　the
  pursuit　of　husbandry。　　In　this　edict；　particular　mention　is　made　of
  the　favour　and　protection　shown　to　the　Gitanos；　by　people　of
  various　descriptions；　by　means　of　which　they　had　been　enabled　to
  follow　their　manner　of　life　undisturbed；　and　to　baffle　the　severity
  of　the　laws：…
  'Article　16。　…　And　because　we　understand　that　the　continuance　in
  these　kingdoms　of　those　who　are　called　Gitanos　has　depended　on　the
  favour；　protection；　and　assistance　which　they　have　experienced　from
  persons　of　different　stations；　we　do　ordain；　that　whosoever；
  against　whom　shall　be　proved　the　fact　of　having；　since　the　day　of
  the　publication　hereof；　favoured；　received；　or　assisted　the　said
  Gitanos；　in　any　manner　whatever；　whether　within　their　houses　or
  without；　the　said　person；　provided　he　is　noble；　shall　be　subjected
  to　the　fine　of　six　thousand　ducats；　the　half　of　which　shall　be
  applied　to　our　treasury；　and　the　other　half　to　the　expenses　of　the
  prosecution；　and；　if　a　plebeian；　to　a　punishment　of　ten　years　in
  the　galleys。　　And　we　declare；　that　in　order　to　proceed　to　the
  infliction　of　such　fine　and　punishment；　the　evidence　of　two
  respectable　witnesses；　without　stain　or　suspicion；　shall　be
  esteemed　legitimate　and　conclusive；　although　they　depose　to
  separate　acts；　or　three　depositions　of　the　Gitanos　themselves；　MADE
  UPON　THE　RACK；　although　they　relate　to　separate　and　different　acts
  of　abetting　and　harbouring。'
  The　following　article　is　curious；　as　it　bears　evidence　to　Gypsy
  craft　and　cunning：…
  'Article　18。　…　And　whereas　it　is　very　difficult　to　prove　against
  the　Gitanos　the　robberies　and　delinquencies　which　they　commit；
  partly　because　they　happen　in　uninhabited　places；　but　more
  especially　on　account　of　the　MALICE　and　CUNNING　with　which　they
  execute　them；　we　do　ordain；　in　order　that　they　may　receive　the
  merited　chastisement；　that　to　convict；　in　these　cases；　those　who
  are　called　Gitanos；　the　depositions　of　the　persons　whom　they　have
  robbed　in　uninhabited　places　shall　be　sufficient；　provided　there
  are　at　least　two　witnesses　to　one　and　the　same　fact；　and　these　of
  good　fame　and　reputation；　and　we　also　declare；　that　the　CORPUS
  DELICTI　may　be　proved　in　the　same　manner　in　these　cases；　in　order
  that　the　culprits　may　be　proceeded　against；　and　condemned　to　the
  corresponding　pains　and　punishments。'
  The　council　of　Madrid　published　a　schedule；　18th　of　August　1705；
  from　which　it　appears　that　the　villages　and　roads　were　so　much
  infested　by　the　Gitano　race；　that　there　was　neither　peace　nor
  safety　for　labourers　and　travellers；　the　corregidors　and　justices
  are　therefore　exhorted　to　use　their　utmost　endeavour　to　apprehend
  these　outlaws；　and　to　execute　upon　them　the　punishments　enjoined　by
  the　preceding　law。　　The　ministers　of　justice　are　empowered　to　fire
  upon　them　as　public　enemies；　wherever　they　meet　them；　in　case　of
  resistance　or　refusal　to　deliver　up　the　arms　they　carry　about　them。
  Philip　the　Fifth；　by　schedule；　October　1st；　1726；　forbade　any
  complaints　which　the　Gitanos　might　have　to　make　against　the
  inferior　justices　being　heard　in　the　higher　tribunals；　and；　on　that
  account；　banished　all　the　Gypsy　women　from　Madrid；　and；　indeed；
  from　all　towns　where　royal　audiences　were　held；　it　being　the　custom
  of　the　women　to　flock　up　to　the　capital　from　the　small　towns　and
  villages；　under　pretence　of　claiming　satisfaction　for　wrongs
  inflicted　upon　their　husbands　and　relations；　and　when　there　to
  practise　the　art　of　divination；　and　to　sing　obscene　songs　through
  the　streets；　by　this　law；　also；　the　justices　are　particularly
  commanded　not　to　permit　the　Gitanos　to　leave　their　places　of
  domicile；　except　in　cases　of　very　urgent　necessity。
  This　law　was　attended　with　the　same　success　as　the　others；　the
  Gitanos　left　their　places　of　domicile　whenever　they　thought　proper；
  frequented　the　various　fairs；　and　played　off　their　jockey　tricks　as
  usual；　or　traversed　the　country　in　armed　gangs；　plundering　the
  small　villages；　and　assaulting　travellers。
  The　same　monarch；　in　October；　published　another　law　against　them；
  from　St。　Lorenzo；　of　the　Escurial。　　From　the　words　of　this　edict；
  and　the　measures　resolved　upon；　the　reader　may　form　some　idea　of
  the　excesses　of　the　Gitanos　at　this　period。　　They　are　to　be　hunted
  down　with　fire　and　sword；　and　even　the　sanctity　of　the　temples　is
  to　be　invaded　in　their　pursuit；　and　the　Gitanos　dragged　from　the
  horns　of　the　altar；　should　they　flee　thither　for　refuge。　　It　was
  impossible；　in　Spain；　to　carry　the　severity　of　persecution　farther；
  as　the　very　parricide　was　in　perfect　safety；　could　he　escape　to　the
  church。　　Here　follows　part　of　this　law：…
  'I　have　resolved　that　all　the　lord…lieutenants；　intendants；　and
  corregidors　shall　publish　proclamations；　and　fix　edicts；　to　the
  effect　that　all　the　Gitanos　who　are　domiciled　in　the　cities　and
  towns　of　their　jurisdiction　shall　return　within　the　space　of
  fifteen　days　to　their　places　of　domicile；　under　penalty　of　being
  declared；　at　the　expiration　of　that　term；　as　public　banditti；
  subject　to　be　fired　at　in　the　event　of　being　found　with　arms；　or
  without　them；　beyond　the　limits　of　their　places　of　domicile；　and　at
  the　expiration　of　the　term　aforesaid；　the　lord…lieutenants；
  intendants；　and　corregidors　are　strictly　commanded；　that　either
  they　themselves；　or　suitable　persons　deputed　by　them；　march　out
  with　armed　soldiery；　or　if　there　be　none　at　hand；　with　the
  militias；　and　their　officers；　accompanied　by　the　horse　rangers；
  destined　for　the　protection　of　the　revenue；　for　the　purpose　of
  scouring　the　whole　district　within　their　jurisdiction；　making　use
  of　all　possible　diligence　to　apprehend　such　Gitanos　as　are　to　be
  found　on　the　public　roads　and　other　places　beyond　their　domiciliary
  bounds；　and　to　inflict　upon　them　the　penalty　of　death；　for　the　mere
  act　of　being　found。
  'And　in　the　event　of　their　taking　refuge　in　sacred　places；　they　are
  empowered　to　drag　them　forth；　and　conduct　them　to　the　neighbouring
  prisons　and　fortresses；　and　provided　the　ecclesiastical　judges
  proceed　against　the　secular；　in　order　that　they　be　restored　to　the
  church；　they　are　at　liberty　to　avail　themselves　of　the　recourse　to
  force；　countenanced　by　laws　declaring；　even　as　I　now　declare；　that
  all　the　Gitanos　who　shall　leave　their　allotted　places　of　abode；　are
  to　be　held　as　incorrigible　rebels；　and　enemies　of　the　public
  peace。'
  From　this　period；　until　the　year　1780；　various　other　laws　and
  schedules　were　directed　against　the　Gitanos；　which；　as　they　contain
  nothing　very　new　or　remarkable；　we　may　be　well　excused　from
  particularising。　　In　1783；　a　law　was　passed　by　the　government；
  widely　differing　in　character　from　any　which　had　hitherto　been
  enacted　in　connection　with　the　Gitano　caste　or　religion　in　Spain。
  CHAPTER　XII
  CARLOS　TERCERO；　or　Charles　the　Third；　ascended　the　throne　of　Spain
  in　the　year　1759；　and　died　in　1788。　　No　Spanish　monarch　has　left
  behind　a　more　favourable　impression　on　the　minds　of　the　generality
  of　his　countrymen；　indeed；　he　is　the　only　one　who　is　remembered　at
  all　by　all　ranks　and　conditions；　…　perhaps　he　took　the　surest　means
  for　preventing　his　name　being　forgotten；　by　erecting　a　durable
  monument　in　every　large　town；　…　we　do　not　mean　a　pillar　surmounted
  by　a　statue；　or　a　colossal　figure　on　horseback；　but　some　useful　and
  stately　public　edifice。　　All　the　magnificent　modern　buildings　which
  attract　the　eye　of　the　traveller　in　Spain；　sprang　up　during　the
  reign　of　Carlos　Tercero；　…　for　example；　the　museum　at　Madrid；　the
  gigantic　tobacco　fabric　at　Seville；　…　half　fortress；　half
  manufactory；　…　and　the　Farol；　at　Coruna。　　We　suspect　that　these
  erections；　which　speak　to　the　eye；　have　gained　him　far　greater
  credit　amongst　Spaniards　than　the　support　which　he　afforded　to
  liberal　opinions；　which　served　to　fan　the　flame　of　insurrection　in
  the　new　world；　and　eventu