evident；　that　whoever　shall　see　me　must　kill　me；　because　he　sees　me
  a　wanderer。　　And　it　must　always　be　remembered；　that　at　that　time
  there　were　no　people　in　the　world　but　the　parents　and　brothers　of
  Cain；　as　St。　Ambrose　has　remarked。　　Moreover；　God；　by　the　mouth　of
  Jeremias；　menaced　his　people；　that　all　should　devour　them　whilst
  they　went　wandering　amongst　the　mountains。　　And　it　is　a　doctrine
  entertained　by　theologians；　that　the　mere　act　of　wandering；　without
  anything　else；　carries　with　it　a　vehement　suspicion　of　capital
  crime。　　Nature　herself　demonstrates　it　in　the　curious　political
  system　of　the　bees；　in　whose　well…governed　republic　the　drones　are
  killed　in　April；　when　they　commence　working。
  'The　third；　because　they　are　stealers　of　four…footed　beasts；　who
  are　condemned　to　death　by　the　laws　of　Spain；　in　the　wise　code　of
  the　famous　King　Don　Alonso；　which　enactment　became　a　part　of　the
  common　law。
  'The　fourth；　for　wizards；　diviners；　and　for　practising　arts　which
  are　prohibited　under　pain　of　death　by　the　divine　law　itself。　　And
  Saul　is　praised　for　having　caused　this　law　to　be　put　in　execution
  in　the　beginning　of　his　reign；　and　the　Holy　Scripture　attributes　to
  the　breach　of　it　（namely；　his　consulting　the　witch）　his　disastrous
  death；　and　the　transfer　of　the　kingdom　to　David。　　The　Emperor
  Constantine　the　Great；　and　other　emperors　who　founded　the　civil
  law；　condemned　to　death　those　who　should　practise　such
  facinorousness；　…　as　the　President　of　Tolosa　has　written。
  'The　last　and　most　urgent　cause　is；　that　they　are　heretics；　if　what
  is　said　be　truth；　and　it　is　the　practice　of　the　law　in　Spain　to
  burn　such。
  'THE　GITANOS　ARE　EXPELLED　FROM　THE　COUNTRY　BY　THE　LAWS　OF　SPAIN
  'Firstly；　they　are　comprehended　as　hale　beggars　in　the　law　of　the
  wise　king；　Don　Alonso；　by　which　he　expelled　all　sturdy　beggars；　as
  being　idle　and　useless。
  'Secondly；　the　law　expels　public　harlots　from　the　city；　and　of　this
  matter　I　have　already　said　something　in　my　second　chapter。
  'Thirdly；　as　people　who　cause　scandal；　and　who；　as　is　visible　at
  the　first　glance；　are　prejudicial　to　morals　and　common　decency。
  Now；　it　is　established　by　the　statute　law　of　these　kingdoms；　that
  such　people　be　expelled　therefrom；　it　is　said　so　in　the　well…
  pondered　words　of　the　edict　for　the　expulsion　of　the　Moors：　　〃And
  forasmuch　as　the　sense　of　good　and　Christian　government　makes　it　a
  matter　of　conscience　to　expel　from　the　kingdoms　the　things　which
  cause　scandal；　injury　to　honest　subjects；　danger　to　the　state；　and
  above　all；　disloyalty　to　the　Lord　our　God。〃　　Therefore；　considering
  the　incorrigibility　of　the　Gitanos；　the　Spanish　kings　made　many
  holy　laws　in　order　to　deliver　their　subjects　from　such　pernicious
  people。
  'Fourthly；　the　Catholic　princes；　Ferdinand　and　Isabella；　by　a　law
  which　they　made　in　Medina　del　Campo；　in　the　year　1494；　and　which
  the　emperor　our　lord　renewed　in　Toledo　in　1523；　and　in　Madrid　in
  1528　and　1534；　and　the　late　king　our　lord；　in　1560；　banished　them
  perpetually　from　Spain；　and　gave　them　as　slaves　to　whomsoever
  should　find　them；　after　the　expiration　of　the　term　specified　in　the
  edict　…　laws　which　are　notorious　even　amongst　strangers。　　The　words
  are：…　〃We　declare　to　be　vagabonds；　and　subject　to　the　aforesaid
  penalty；　the　Egyptians　and　foreign　tinkers；　who　by　laws　and
  statutes　of　these　kingdoms　are　commanded　to　depart　therefrom；　and
  the　poor　sturdy　beggars；　who　contrary　to　the　order　given　in　the　new
  edict；　beg　for　alms　and　wander　about。〃
  'THE　LAWS　ARE　VERY　JUST　WHICH　EXPEL　THE　GITANOS　FROM　THE　STATES
  All　the　doctors；　who　are　of　opinion　that　the　Gitanos　may　be
  condemned　to　death；　would　consider　it　as　an　act　of　mercy　in　your
  Majesty　to　banish　them　perpetually　from　Spain；　and　at　the　same　time
  as　exceedingly　just。　　Many　and　learned　men　not　only　consider　that
  it　is　just　to　expel　them；　but　cannot　sufficiently　wonder　that　they
  are　tolerated　in　Christian　states；　and　even　consider　that　such
  toleration　is　an　insult　to　the　kingdoms。
  'Whilst　engaged　in　writing　this；　I　have　seen　a　very　learned
  memorial；　in　which　Doctor　Salazar　de　Mendoza　makes　the　same
  supplication　to　your　Majesty　which　is　made　in　this　discourse；
  holding　it　to　be　the　imperious　duty　of　every　good　government。
  'It　stands　in　reason　that　the　prince　is　bound　to　watch　for　the
  welfare　of　his　subjects；　and　the　wrongs　which　those　of　your　Majesty
  receive　from　the　Gitanos　I　have　already　exposed　in　my　second
  chapter；　it　being　a　point　worthy　of　great　consideration　that　the
  wrongs　caused　by　the　Moriscos　moved　your　royal　and　merciful　bosom
  to　drive　them　out；　although　they　were　many；　and　their　departure
  would　be　felt　as　a　loss　to　the　population；　the　commerce；　the　royal
  revenues；　and　agriculture。　　Now；　with　respect　to　the　Gitanos；　as
  they　are　few；　and　perfectly　useless　for　everything；　it　appears　more
  necessary　to　drive　them　forth；　the　injuries　which　they　cause　being
  so　numerous。
  'Secondly；　because　the　Gitanos；　as　I　have　already　said；　are
  Spaniards；　and　as　others　profess　the　sacred　orders　of　religion；
  even　so　do　these　fellows　profess　gypsying；　which　is　robbery　and　all
  the　other　vices　enumerated　in　chapter　the　second。　　And　whereas　it
  is　just　to　banish　from　the　kingdom　those　who　have　committed　any
  heavy　delinquency；　it　is　still　more　so　to　banish　those　who　profess
  to　be　injurious　to　all。
  'Thirdly；　because　all　the　kings　and　rulers　have　always　endeavoured
  to　eject　from　their　kingdoms　the　idle　and　useless。　　And　it　is　very
  remarkable；　that　the　law　invariably　commands　them　to　be　expelled；
  and　the　republics　of　Athens　and　Corinth　were　accustomed　to　do　so　…
  casting　them　forth　like　dung；　even　as　Athenaeus　writes：　　NOS　GENUS
  HOC　MORTALIUM　EJICIMUS　EX　HAC　URBE　VELUT　PURGAMINA。　　Now　the
  profession　of　the　Gypsy　is　idleness。
  'Fourthly；　because　the　Gitanos　are　diviners；　enchanters；　and
  mischievous　wretches；　and　the　law　commands　us　to　expel　such　from
  the　state。
  'In　the　fifth　place；　because　your　Majesty；　in　the　Cortes　at　present
  assembled；　has　obliged　your　royal　conscience　to　fulfil　all　the
  articles　voted　for　the　public　service；　and　the　forty…ninth　says：
  〃One　of　the　things　at　present　most　necessary　to　be　done　in　these
  kingdoms；　is　to　afford　a　remedy　for　the　robberies；　plundering　and
  murders　committed　by　the　Gitanos；　who　go　wandering　about　the
  country；　stealing　the　cattle　of　the　poor；　and　committing　a　thousand
  outrages；　living　without　any　fear　of　God；　and　being　Christians　only
  in　name。　　It　is　therefore　deemed　expedient；　that　your　Majesty
  command　them　to　quit　these　kingdoms　within　six　months；　to　be
  reckoned　from　the　day　of　the　ratification　of　these　presents；　and
  that　they　do　not　return　to　the　same　under　pain　of　death。〃
  'Against　this；　two　things　may　possibly　be　urged：…
  'The　first；　that　the　laws　of　Spain　give　unto　the　Gitanos　the
  alternative　of　residing　in　large　towns；　which；　it　appears；　would　be
  better　than　expelling　them。　　But　experience；　recognised　by　grave
  and　respectable　men；　has　shown　that　it　is　not　well　to　harbour　these
  people；　for　their　houses　are　dens　of　thieves；　from　whence　they
  prowl　abroad　to　rob　the　land。
  'The　second；　that　it　appears　a　pity　to　banish　the　women　and
  children。　　But　to　this　can　be　opposed　that　holy　act　of　your　Majesty
  which　expelled　the　Moriscos；　and　the　children　of　the　Moriscos；　for
  the　reason　given　in　the　royal　edict。　　WHENEVER　ANY　DETESTABLE　CRIME
  IS　COMMITTED　BY　ANY　UNIVERSITY；　IT　IS　WELL　TO　PUNISH　ALL。　　And　the
  most　detestable　crimes　of　all　are　those　which　the　Gitanos　commit；
  since　it　is　notorious　that　they　subsist　on　what　they　steal；　and　as
  to　the　children；　there　is　no　law　which　obliges　us　to　bring　up　wolf…
  whelps；　to　cause　here…after　certain　damage　to　the　flock。
  'IT　HAS　EVER　BEEN　THE　PRACTICE　OF　PRINCES　TO　EXPEL　THE　GITANOS
  'Every　one　who　considers　the　manner　of　your　Majesty's　government　as
  the　truly　Christian　pattern　must　entertain　fervent　hope　that　the
  advice　proffered　in　this　discourse　will　be　attended　to；　more
  especially　on　reflecting　that　not　only　the　good；　but　even　the　most
  barbarous　kings　have　acted　up　to　it　in　their　respective　dominions。
  'Pharaoh　was　bad　enough；　nevertheless　he　judged　that　the　children
  of　Israel　were　dangerous　to　the　state；　because　they　appeared　to　him
  to　be　living　without　any　certain　occupation；　and　for　this　very
  reason　the　Chaldeans　cast　them　out　of　Babylon。　　Amasis；　king　of
  Egypt；　drove　all　the　vagrants　from　his　kingdom；　forbidding　them　to
  return　under　pain　of　dea