with　respect　to　the　country　from　whence　they　came。　　The　majority
  say　that　they　are　from　Africa；　and　that　they　came　with　the　Moors
  when　Spain　was　lost；　others　that　they　are　Tartars；　Persians；
  Cilicians；　Nubians；　from　Lower　Egypt；　from　Syria；　or　from　other
  parts　of　Asia　and　Africa；　and　others　consider　them　to　be
  descendants　of　Chus；　son　of　Cain；　others　say　that　they　are　of
  European　origin；　Bohemians；　Germans；　or　outcasts　from　other　nations
  of　this　quarter　of　the　world。
  'The　second　and　sure　opinion　is；　that　those　who　prowl　about　Spain
  are　not　Egyptians；　but　swarms　of　wasps　and　atheistical　wretches；
  without　any　kind　of　law　or　religion；　Spaniards；　who　have　introduced
  this　Gypsy　life　or　sect；　and　who　admit　into　it　every　day　all　the
  idle　and　broken　people　of　Spain。　　There　are　some　foreigners　who
  would　make　Spain　the　origin　and　fountain　of　all　the　Gypsies　of
  Europe；　as　they　say　that　they　proceeded　from　a　river　in　Spain
  called　Cija；　of　which　Lucan　makes　mention；　an　opinion；　however；　not
  much　adopted　amongst　the　learned。　　In　the　opinion　of　respectable
  authors；　they　are　called　Cingary　or　Cinli；　because　they　in　every
  respect　resemble　the　bird　cinclo；　which　we　call　in　Spanish
  Motacilla；　or　aguzanieve　（wagtail）；　which　is　a　vagrant　bird　and
  builds　no　nest；　（37）　but　broods　in　those　of　other　birds；　a　bird
  restless　and　poor　of　plumage；　as　AElian　writes。
  'THE　GITANOS　ARE　VERY　HURTFUL　TO　SPAIN
  'There　is　not　a　nation　which　does　not　consider　them　as　a　most
  pernicious　rabble；　even　the　Turks　and　Moors　abominate　them；　amongst
  whom　this　sect　is　found　under　the　names　of　Torlaquis；　（38）
  Hugiemalars；　and　Dervislars；　of　whom　some　historians　make　mention；
  and　all　agree　that　they　are　most　evil　people；　and　highly
  detrimental　to　the　country　where　they　are　found。
  'In　the　first　place；　because　in　all　parts　they　are　considered　as
  enemies　of　the　states　where　they　wander；　and　as　spies　and　traitors
  to　the　crown；　which　was　proven　by　the　emperors　Maximilian　and
  Albert；　who　declared　them　to　be　such　in　public　edicts；　a　fact　easy
  to　be　believed；　when　we　consider　that　they　enter　with　ease　into　the
  enemies'　country；　and　know　the　languages　of　all　nations。
  'Secondly；　because　they　are　idle　vagabond　people；　who　are　in　no
  respect　useful　to　the　kingdom；　without　commerce；　occupation；　or
  trade　of　any　description；　and　if　they　have　any　it　is　making
  picklocks　and　pothooks　for　appearance　sake；　being　wasps；　who　only
  live　by　sucking　and　impoverishing　the　country；　sustaining
  themselves　by　the　sweat　of　the　miserable　labourers；　as　a　German
  poet　has　said　of　them：…
  〃Quos　aliena　juvant；　propriis　habitare　molestum；
  Fastidit　patrium　non　nisi　nosse　solum。〃
  They　are　much　more　useless　than　the　Moriscos；　as　these　last　were　of
  some　service　to　the　state　and　the　royal　revenues；　but　the　Gitanos
  are　neither　labourers；　gardeners；　mechanics；　nor　merchants；　and
  only　serve；　like　the　wolves；　to　plunder　and　to　flee。
  'Thirdly；　because　the　Gitanas　are　public　harlots；　common；　as　it　is
  said；　to　all　the　Gitanos；　and　with　dances；　demeanour；　and　filthy
  songs；　are　the　cause　of　continual　detriment　to　the　souls　of　the
  vassals　of　your　Majesty；　it　being　notorious　that　they　have　done
  infinite　harm　in　many　honourable　houses　by　separating　the　married
  women　from　their　husbands；　and　perverting　the　maidens：　　and
  finally；　in　the　best　of　these　Gitanas　any　one　may　recognise　all　the
  signs　of　a　harlot　given　by　the　wise　king；　they　are　gadders　about；
  whisperers；　always　unquiet　in　places　and　corners。
  'Fourthly；　because　in　all　parts　they　are　accounted　famous　thieves；
  about　which　authors　write　wonderful　things；　we　ourselves　have
  continual　experience　of　this　fact　in　Spain；　where　there　is　scarcely
  a　corner　where　they　have　not　committed　some　heavy　offence。
  'Father　Martin　Del　Rio　says　they　were　notorious　when　he　was　in　Leon
  in　the　year　1584；　as　they　even　attempted　to　sack　the　town　of
  Logrono　in　the　time　of　the　pest；　as　Don　Francisco　De　Cordoba　writes
  in　his　DIDASCALIA。　　Enormous　cases　of　their　excesses　we　see　in
  infinite　processes　in　all　the　tribunals；　and　particularly　in　that
  of　the　Holy　Brotherhood；　their　wickedness　ascending　to　such　a
  pitch；　that　they　steal　children；　and　carry　them　for　sale　to
  Barbary；　the　reason　why　the　Moors　call　them　in　Arabic；　RASO
  CHERANY；　（39）　which；　as　Andreas　Tebetus　writes；　means　MASTER
  THIEVES。　　Although　they　are　addicted　to　every　species　of　robbery；
  they　mostly　practise　horse　and　cattle　stealing；　on　which　account
  they　are　called　in　law　ABIGEOS；　and　in　Spanish　QUATREROS；　from
  which　practice　great　evils　result　to　the　poor　labourers。　　When　they
  cannot　steal　cattle；　they　endeavour　to　deceive　by　means　of　them；
  acting　as　TERCEROS；　in　fairs　and　markets。
  'Fifthly；　because　they　are　enchanters；　diviners；　magicians；
  chiromancers；　who　tell　the　future　by　the　lines　of　the　hand；　which
  is　what　they　call　BUENA　VENTURA；　and　are　in　general　addicted　to　all
  kind　of　superstition。
  'This　is　the　opinion　entertained　of　them　universally；　and　which　is
  confirmed　every　day　by　experience；　and　some　think　that　they　are
  caller　Cingary；　from　the　great　Magian　Cineus；　from　whom　it　is　said
  they　learned　their　sorceries；　and　from　which　result　in　Spain
  （especially　amongst　the　vulgar）　great　errors；　and　superstitious
  credulity；　mighty　witchcrafts；　and　heavy　evils；　both　spiritual　and
  corporeal。
  'Sixthly；　because　very　devout　men　consider　them　as　heretics；　and
  many　as　Gentile　idolaters；　or　atheists；　without　any　religion；
  although　they　exteriorly　accommodate　themselves　to　the　religion　of
  the　country　in　which　they　wander；　being　Turks　with　the　Turks；
  heretics　with　the　heretics；　and；　amongst　the　Christians；　baptizing
  now　and　then　a　child　for　form's　sake。　　Friar　Jayme　Bleda　produces　a
  hundred　signs；　from　which　he　concludes　that　the　Moriscos　were　not
  Christians；　all　which　are　visible　in　the　Gitanos；　very　few　are
  known　to　baptize　their　children；　they　are　not　married；　but　it　is
  believed　that　they　keep　the　women　in　common；　they　do　not　use
  dispensations；　nor　receive　the　sacraments；　they　pay　no　respect　to
  images；　rosaries；　bulls；　neither　do　they　hear　mass；　nor　divine
  services；　they　never　enter　the　churches；　nor　observe　fasts；　Lent；
  nor　any　ecclesiastical　precept；　which　enormities　have　been　attested
  by　long　experience；　as　every　person　says。
  'Finally；　they　practise　every　kind　of　wickedness　in　safety；　by
  discoursing　amongst　themselves　in　a　language　with　which　they
  understand　each　other　without　being　understood；　which　in　Spain　is
  called　Gerigonza；　which；　as　some　think；　ought　to　be　called
  Cingerionza；　or　language　of　Cingary。　　The　king　our　lord　saw　the
  evil　of　such　a　practice　in　the　law　which　he　enacted　at　Madrid；　in
  the　year　1566；　in　which　he　forbade　the　Arabic　to　the　Moriscos；　as
  the　use　of　different　languages　amongst　the　natives　of　one　kingdom
  opens　a　door　to　treason；　and　is　a　source　of　heavy　inconvenience；
  and　this　is　exemplified　more　in　the　case　of　the　Gitanos　than　of　any
  other　people。
  'THE　GITANOS　OUGHT　TO　BE　SEIZED　WHEREVER　FOUND
  'The　civil　law　ordains　that　vagrants　be　seized　wherever　they　are
  found；　without　any　favour　being　shown　to　them；　in　conformity　with
  which；　the　Gitanos　in　the　Greek　empire　were　given　as　slaves　to
  those　who　should　capture　them；　as　respectable　authors　write。
  Moreover；　the　emperor；　our　lord；　has　decreed　by　a　law　made　in
  Toledo；　in　the　year　1525；　THAT　THE　THIRD　TIME　THEY　BE　FOUND
  WANDERING　THEY　SHALL　SERVE　AS　SLAVES　DURING　THEIR　WHOLE　LIFE　TO
  THOSE　WHO　CAPTURE　THEM。　　Which　can　be　easily　justified；　inasmuch　as
  there　is　no　shepherd　who　does　not　place　barriers　against　the
  wolves；　and　does　not　endeavour　to　save　his　flock；　and　I　have
  already　exposed　to　your　Majesty　the　damage　which　the　Gitanos
  perpetrate　in　Spain。
  'THE　GITANOS　OUGHT　TO　BE　CONDEMNED　TO　DEATH
  'The　reasons　are　many。　　The　first；　for　being　spies；　and　traitors　to
  the　crown；　the　second　as　idlers　and　vagabonds。
  'It　ought　always　to　be　considered；　that　no　sooner　did　the　race　of
  man　begin；　after　the　creation　of　the　world；　than　the　important
  point　of　civil　policy　arose　of　condemning　vagrants　to　death；　for
  Cain　was　certain　that　he　should　meet　his　destruction　in　wandering
  as　a　vagabond　for　the　murder　of　Abel。　　ERO　VAGUS　ET　PROFUGUS　IN
  TERRA：　　OMNIS　IGITUR　QUI　INVENERIT　ME；　OCCIDET　ME。　　Now；　the　IGITUR
  stands　here　as　the　natural　consequence　of　VAGUS　ERO；　as　it　is
  evident；　that　whoever　shall　see　me　must　kill　me；　because　he　sees　me
  a　wanderer。　　And　it　must　always