第 16 节
作者:指环王      更新:2024-01-24 16:00      字数:9321
  appeal which was made to the rack; they confessed that they had
  murdered a female Gypsy in the forest of Las Gamas; and had there
  eaten her。 。 。 。
  I am myself well acquainted with this same forest of Las Gamas;
  which lies between Jaraicejo and Trujillo; it abounds with chestnut
  and cork trees; and is a place very well suited either for the
  purpose of murder or cannibalism。  It will be as well to observe
  that I visited it in company with a band of Gitanos; who bivouacked
  there; and cooked their supper; which however did not consist of
  human flesh; but of a puchera; the ingredients of which were beef;
  bacon; garbanzos; and berdolaga; or field…pease and purslain; …
  therefore I myself can bear testimony that there is such a forest
  as Las Gamas; and that it is frequented occasionally by Gypsies; by
  which two points are established by far the most important to the
  history in question; or so at least it would be thought in Spain;
  for being sure of the forest and the Gypsies; few would be
  incredulous enough to doubt the facts of the murder and
  cannibalism。 。 。 。
  On being put to the rack a second time; the Gitanos confessed that
  they had likewise murdered and eaten a female pilgrim in the forest
  aforesaid; and on being tortured yet again; that they had served in
  the same manner; and in the same forest; a friar of the order of
  San Francisco; whereupon they were released from the rack and
  executed。  This is one of the anecdotes of Quinones。
  And it came to pass; moreover; that the said Fajardo; being in the
  town of Montijo; was told by the alcalde; that a certain inhabitant
  of that place had some time previous lost a mare; and wandering
  about the plains in quest of her; he arrived at a place called
  Arroyo el Puerco; where stood a ruined house; on entering which he
  found various Gitanos employed in preparing their dinner; which
  consisted of a quarter of a human body; which was being roasted
  before a huge fire:  the result; however; we are not told; whether
  the Gypsies were angry at being disturbed in their cookery; or
  whether the man of the mare departed unobserved。
  Quinones; in continuation; states in his book that he learned (he
  does not say from whom; but probably from Fajardo) that there was a
  shepherd of the city of Gaudix; who once lost his way in the wild
  sierra of Gadol:  night came on; and the wind blew cold:  he
  wandered about until he descried a light in the distance; towards
  which he bent his way; supposing it to be a fire kindled by
  shepherds:  on arriving at the spot; however; he found a whole
  tribe of Gypsies; who were roasting the half of a man; the other
  half being hung on a cork…tree:  the Gypsies welcomed him very
  heartily; and requested him to be seated at the fire and to sup
  with them; but he presently heard them whisper to each other; 'this
  is a fine fat fellow;' from which he suspected that they were
  meditating a design upon his body:  whereupon; feeling himself
  sleepy; he made as if he were seeking a spot where to lie; and
  suddenly darted headlong down the mountain…side; and escaped from
  their hands without breaking his neck。
  These anecdotes scarcely deserve comment; first we have the
  statement of Fajardo; the fool or knave who tortures wretches; and
  then puts them to death for the crimes with which they have taxed
  themselves whilst undergoing the agony of the rack; probably with
  the hope of obtaining a moment's respite; last comes the tale of
  the shepherd; who is invited by Gypsies on a mountain at night to
  partake of a supper of human flesh; and who runs away from them on
  hearing them talk of the fatness of his own body; as if cannibal
  robbers detected in their orgies by a single interloper would have
  afforded him a chance of escaping。  Such tales cannot be true。 (19)
  Cases of cannibalism are said to have occurred in Hungary amongst
  the Gypsies; indeed; the whole race; in that country; has been
  accused of cannibalism; to which we have alluded whilst speaking of
  the Chingany:  it is very probable; however; that they were quite
  innocent of this odious practice; and that the accusation had its
  origin in popular prejudice; or in the fact of their foul feeding;
  and their seldom rejecting carrion or offal of any description。
  The Gazette of Frankfort for the year 1782; Nos。 157 and 207;
  states that one hundred and fifty Gypsies were imprisoned charged
  with this practice; and that the Empress Teresa sent commissioners
  to inquire into the facts of the accusation; who discovered that
  they were true; whereupon the empress published a law to oblige all
  the Gypsies in her dominions to become stationary; which; however;
  had no effect。
  Upon this matter we can state nothing on our own knowledge。
  After the above anecdotes; it will perhaps not be amiss to devote a
  few lines to the subject of Gypsy food and diet。  I believe that it
  has been asserted that the Romas; in all parts of the world; are
  perfectly indifferent as to what they eat; provided only that they
  can appease their hunger; and that they have no objection to
  partake of the carcasses of animals which have died a natural
  death; and have been left to putrefy by the roadside; moreover;
  that they use for food all kinds of reptiles and vermin which they
  can lay their hands upon。
  In this there is a vast deal of exaggeration; but at the same time
  it must be confessed that; in some instances; the habits of the
  Gypsies in regard to food would seem; at the first glance; to
  favour the supposition。  This observation chiefly holds good with
  respect to those of the Gypsy race who still continue in a
  wandering state; and who; doubtless; retain more of the ways and
  customs of their forefathers than those who have adopted a
  stationary life。  There can be no doubt that the wanderers amongst
  the Gypsy race are occasionally seen to feast upon carcasses of
  cattle which have been abandoned to the birds of the air; yet it
  would be wrong; from this fact; to conclude that the Gypsies were
  habitual devourers of carrion。  Carrion it is true they may
  occasionally devour; from want of better food; but many of these
  carcasses are not in reality the carrion which they appear; but are
  the bodies of animals which the Gypsies have themselves killed by
  casting drao; in hope that the flesh may eventually be abandoned to
  them。  It is utterly useless to write about the habits of the
  Gypsies; especially of the wandering tribes; unless you have lived
  long and intimately with them; and unhappily; up to the present
  time; all the books which have been published concerning them have
  been written by those who have introduced themselves into their
  society for a few hours; and from what they have seen or heard
  consider themselves competent to give the world an idea of the
  manners and customs of the mysterious Rommany:  thus; because they
  have been known to beg the carcass of a hog which they themselves
  have poisoned; it has been asserted that they prefer carrion which
  has perished of sickness to the meat of the shambles; and because
  they have been seen to make a ragout of boror (SNAILS); and to
  roast a hotchiwitchu or hedgehog; it has been supposed that
  reptiles of every description form a part of their cuisine。  It is
  high time to undeceive the Gentiles on these points。  Know; then; O
  Gentile; whether thou be from the land of the Gorgios (20) or the
  Busne (21); that the very Gypsies who consider a ragout of snails a
  delicious dish will not touch an eel; because it bears resemblance
  to a SNAKE; and that those who will feast on a roasted hedgehog
  could be induced by no money to taste a squirrel; a delicious and
  wholesome species of game; living on the purest and most nutritious
  food which the fields and forests can supply。  I myself; while
  living among the Roms of England; have been regarded almost in the
  light of a cannibal for cooking the latter animal and preferring it
  to hotchiwitchu barbecued; or ragout of boror。  'You are but half
  Rommany; brother;' they would say; 'and you feed gorgiko…nes (LIKE
  A GENTILE); even as you talk。  Tchachipen (IN TRUTH); if we did not
  know you to be of the Mecralliskoe rat (ROYAL BLOOD) of Pharaoh; we
  should be justified in driving you forth as a juggel…mush (DOG
  MAN); one more fitted to keep company with wild beasts and Gorgios
  than gentle Rommanys。'
  No person can read the present volume without perceiving; at a
  glance; that the Romas are in most points an anomalous people; in
  their morality there is much of anomaly; and certainly not less in
  their