art　enable　them　to　support　their　relatives　in　affluence　and　luxury：
  some　are　married　to　Russians；　and　no　one　who　has　visited　Russia　can
  but　be　aware　that　a　lovely　and　accomplished　countess；　of　the　noble
  and　numerous　family　of　Tolstoy；　is　by　birth　a　Zigana；　and　was
  originally　one　of　the　principal　attractions　of　a　Rommany　choir　at
  Moscow。
  But　it　is　not　to　be　supposed　that　the　whole　of　the　Gypsy　females　at
  Moscow　are　of　this　high　and　talented　description；　the　majority　of
  them　are　of　far　lower　quality；　and　obtain　their　livelihood　by
  singing　and　dancing　at　taverns；　whilst　their　husbands　in　general
  follow　the　occupation　of　horse…dealing。
  Their　favourite　place　of　resort　in　the　summer　time　is　Marina　Rotze；
  a　species　of　sylvan　garden　about　two　versts　from　Moscow；　and
  thither；　tempted　by　curiosity；　I　drove　one　fine　evening。　　On　my
  arrival　the　Ziganas　came　flocking　out　from　their　little　tents；　and
  from　the　tractir　or　inn　which　has　been　erected　for　the
  accommodation　of　the　public。　　Standing　on　the　seat　of　the　calash；　I
  addressed　them　in　a　loud　voice　in　the　English　dialect　of　the
  Rommany；　of　which　I　have　some　knowledge。　　A　shrill　scream　of　wonder
  was　instantly　raised；　and　welcomes　and　blessings　were　poured　forth
  in　floods　of　musical　Rommany；　above　all　of　which　predominated　the
  cry　of　KAK　CAMENNA　TUTE　PRALA　…　or；　How　we　love　you；　brother！　…　for
  at　first　they　mistook　me　for　one　of　their　wandering　brethren　from
  the　distant　lands；　come　over　the　great　panee　or　ocean　to　visit
  them。
  After　some　conversation　they　commenced　singing；　and　favoured　me
  with　many　songs；　both　in　Russian　and　Rommany：　　the　former　were
  modern　popular　pieces；　such　as　are　accustomed　to　be　sung　on　the
  boards　of　the　theatre；　but　the　latter　were　evidently　of　great
  antiquity；　exhibiting　the　strongest　marks　of　originality；　the
  metaphors　bold　and　sublime；　and　the　metre　differing　from　anything
  of　the　kind　which　it　has　been　my　fortune　to　observe　in　Oriental　or
  European　prosody。
  One　of　the　most　remarkable；　and　which　commences　thus：
  'Za　mateia　rosherroro　odolata
  Bravintata；'
  （or；　Her　head　is　aching　with　grief；　as　if　she　had　tasted　wine）
  describes　the　anguish　of　a　maiden　separated　from　her　lover；　and　who
  calls　for　her　steed：
  'Tedjav　manga　gurraoro'　…
  that　she　may　depart　in　quest　of　the　lord　of　her　bosom；　and　share
  his　joys　and　pleasures。
  A　collection　of　these　songs；　with　a　translation　and　vocabulary；
  would　be　no　slight　accession　to　literature；　and　would　probably
  throw　more　light　on　the　history　of　this　race　than　anything　which
  has　yet　appeared；　and；　as　there　is　no　want　of　zeal　and　talent　in
  Russia　amongst　the　cultivators　of　every　branch　of　literature；　and
  especially　philology；　it　is　only　surprising　that　such　a　collection
  still　remains　a　desideratum。
  The　religion　which　these　singular　females　externally　professed　was
  the　Greek；　and　they　mostly　wore　crosses　of　copper　or　gold；　but　when
  I　questioned　them　on　this　subject　in　their　native　language；　they
  laughed；　and　said　it　was　only　to　please　the　Russians。　　Their　names
  for　God　and　his　adversary　are　Deval　and　Bengel；　which　differ　little
  from　the　Spanish　Un…debel　and　Bengi；　which　signify　the　same。　　I
  will　now　say　something　of
  THE　HUNGARIAN　GYPSIES；　OR　CZIGANY
  Hungary；　though　a　country　not　a　tenth　part　so　extensive　as　the　huge
  colossus　of　the　Russian　empire；　whose　tzar　reigns　over　a　hundred
  lands；　contains　perhaps　as　many　Gypsies；　it　not　being　uncommon　to
  find　whole　villages　inhabited　by　this　race；　they　likewise　abound　in
  the　suburbs　of　the　towns。　　In　Hungary　the　feudal　system　still
  exists　in　all　its　pristine　barbarity；　in　no　country　does　the　hard
  hand　of　this　oppression　bear　so　heavy　upon　the　lower　classes　…　not
  even　in　Russia。　　The　peasants　of　Russia　are　serfs；　it　is　true；　but
  their　condition　is　enviable　compared　with　that　of　the　same　class　in
  the　other　country；　they　have　certain　rights　and　privileges；　and
  are；　upon　the　whole；　happy　and　contented；　whilst　the　Hungarians　are
  ground　to　powder。　　Two　classes　are　free　in　Hungary　to　do　almost
  what　they　please　…　the　nobility　and　…　the　Gypsies；　the　former　are
  above　the　law　…　the　latter　below　it：　　a　toll　is　wrung　from　the
  hands　of　the　hard…working　labourers；　that　most　meritorious　class；
  in　passing　over　a　bridge；　for　example　at　Pesth；　which　is　not
  demanded　from　a　well…dressed　person　…　nor　from　the　Czigany；　who
  have　frequently　no　dress　at　all　…　and　whose　insouciance　stands　in
  striking　contrast　with　the　trembling　submission　of　the　peasants。
  The　Gypsy；　wherever　you　find　him；　is　an　incomprehensible　being；　but
  nowhere　more　than　in　Hungary；　where；　in　the　midst　of　slavery；　he　is
  free；　though　apparently　one　step　lower　than　the　lowest　slave。　　The
  habits　of　the　Hungarian　Gypsies　are　abominable；　their　hovels　appear
  sinks　of　the　vilest　poverty　and　filth；　their　dress　is　at　best　rags；
  their　food　frequently　the　vilest　carrion；　and　occasionally；　if
  report　be　true；　still　worse　…　on　which　point；　when　speaking　of　the
  Spanish　Gitanos；　we　shall　have　subsequently　more　to　say：　　thus　they
  live　in　filth；　in　rags；　in　nakedness；　and　in　merriness　of　heart；
  for　nowhere　is　there　more　of　song　and　dance　than　in　an　Hungarian
  Gypsy　village。　　They　are　very　fond　of　music；　and　some　of　them　are
  heard　to　touch　the　violin　in　a　manner　wild；　but　of　peculiar
  excellence。　　Parties　of　them　have　been　known　to　exhibit　even　at
  Paris。
  In　Hungary；　as　in　all　parts；　they　are　addicted　to　horse…dealing；
  they　are　likewise　tinkers；　and　smiths　in　a　small　way。　　The　women
  are　fortune…tellers；　of　course　…　both　sexes　thieves　of　the　first
  water。　　They　roam　where　they　list　…　in　a　country　where　all　other
  people　are　held　under　strict　surveillance；　no　one　seems　to　care
  about　these　Parias。　　The　most　remarkable　feature；　however；
  connected　with　the　habits　of　the　Czigany；　consists　in　their　foreign
  excursions；　having　plunder　in　view；　which　frequently　endure　for
  three　or　four　years；　when；　if　no　mischance　has　befallen　them；　they
  return　to　their　native　land　…　rich；　where　they　squander　the
  proceeds　of　their　dexterity　in　mad　festivals。　　They　wander　in　bands
  of　twelve　and　fourteen　through　France；　even　to　Rome。　　Once；　during
  my　own　wanderings　in　Italy；　I　rested　at　nightfall　by　the　side　of　a
  kiln；　the　air　being　piercingly　cold；　it　was　about　four　leagues　from
  Genoa。　　Presently　arrived　three　individuals　to　take　advantage　of
  the　warmth　…　a　man；　a　woman；　and　a　lad。　　They　soon　began　to
  discourse　…　and　I　found　that　they　were　Hungarian　Gypsies；　they
  spoke　of　what　they　had　been　doing；　and　what　they　had　amassed　…　I
  think　they　mentioned　nine　hundred　crowns。　　They　had　companions　in
  the　neighbourhood；　some　of　whom　they　were　expecting；　they　took　no
  notice　of　me；　and　conversed　in　their　own　dialect；　I　did　not　approve
  of　their　propinquity；　and　rising；　hastened　away。
  When　Napoleon　invaded　Spain　there　were　not　a　few　Hungarian　Gypsies
  in　his　armies；　some　strange　encounters　occurred　on　the　field　of
  battle　between　these　people　and　the　Spanish　Gitanos；　one　of　which
  is　related　in　the　second　part　of　the　present　work。　　When　quartered
  in　the　Spanish　towns；　the　Czigany　invariably　sought　out　their
  peninsular　brethren；　to　whom　they　revealed　themselves；　kissing　and
  embracing　most　affectionately；　the　Gitanos　were　astonished　at　the
  proficiency　of　the　strangers　in　thievish　arts；　and　looked　upon　them
  almost　in　the　light　of　superior　beings：　　'They　knew　the　whole
  reckoning；'　is　still　a　common　expression　amongst　them。　　There　was　a
  Cziganian　soldier　for　some　time　at　Cordoba；　of　whom　the　Gitanos　of
  the　place　still　frequently　discourse；　whilst　smoking　their　cigars
  during　winter　nights　over　their　braseros。
  The　Hungarian　Gypsies　have　a　peculiar　accent　when　speaking　the
  language　of　the　country；　by　which　they　can　be　instantly
  distinguished；　the　same　thing　is　applicable　to　the　Gitanos　of　Spain
  when　speaking　Spanish。　　In　no　part　of　the　world　is　the　Gypsy
  language　preserved　better　than　in　Hungary。
  The　following　short　prayer　to　the　Virgin；　which　I　have　frequently
  heard　amongst　the　Gypsies　of　Hungary　and　Transylvania；　will　serve
  as　a　specimen　of　their　language。…
  Gula　Devla；　da　me　saschipo。　　Swuntuna　Devla；　da　me　bacht　t'
  aldaschis　cari　me　jav；　te　ferin　man；　Devla；　sila　ta　niapaschiata；
  chungale　manuschendar；　ke　me　jav　ande　drom　ca　hin　man　traba；　ferin
  man；　Devia；　ma　mek　man　Devla；　ke　manga　man　tre　Devies…key。
  Sweet　Goddess；　give　me　health。　　Holy　Goddess；　give　me　luck　and
  grace　wherever　I　go；　and　help