ich　followed　it。　　It　is；　as　it　were；　the　　evening　of　the　night　of　persecution　…　a　sort　of　twilight；　　dark　indeed　to　us；　but　light　as　the　noonday　when　compared　　with　the　midnight　gloom　which　followed。　　This　fact；　of　its　　being　the　very　threshold　of　persecution；　lends　it；　however；　　an　additional　interest。
  The　prejudices　of　the　people　against　Episcopacy　were　'out　of　　measure　increased；'　says　Bishop　Burnet；　'by　the　new　　incumbents　who　were　put　in　the　places　of　the　ejected　　preachers；　and　were　generally　very　mean　and　despicable　in　all　　respects。　　They　were　the　worst　preachers　I　ever　heard；　they　　were　ignorant　to　a　reproach；　and　many　of　them　were　openly　　vicious。　　They　。　。　。　were　indeed　the　dreg　and　refuse　of　the　　northern　parts。　　Those　of　them　who　arose　above　contempt　or　　scandal　were　men　of　such　violent　tempers　that　they　were　as　　much　hated　as　the　others　were　despised。'　（2）　　It　was　little　　to　be　wondered　at；　from　this　account　that　the　country…folk　　refused　to　go　to　the　parish　church；　and　chose　rather　to　　listen　to　outed　ministers　in　the　fields。　　But　this　was　not　to　　be　allowed；　and　their　persecutors　at　last　fell　on　the　method　　of　calling　a　roll　of　the　parishioners'　names　every　Sabbath；　　and　marking　a　fine　of　twenty　shillings　Scots　to　the　name　of　　each　absenter。　　In　this　way　very　large　debts　were　incurred　by　　persons　altogether　unable　to　pay。　　Besides　this；　landlords　　were　fined　for　their　tenants'　absences；　tenants　for　their　　landlords'；　masters　for　their　servants'；　servants　for　their　　masters'；　even　though　they　themselves　were　perfectly　regular　　in　their　attendance。　　And　as　the　curates　were　allowed　to　fine　　with　the　sanction　of　any　common　soldier；　it　may　be　imagined　　that　often　the　pretexts　were　neither　very　sufficient　nor　well　　proven。
  When　the　fines　could　not　be　paid　at　once；　Bibles；　clothes；　　and　household　utensils　were　seized　upon；　or　a　number　of　　soldiers；　proportionate　to　his　wealth；　were　quartered　on　the　　offender。　　The　coarse　and　drunken　privates　filled　the　houses　　with　woe；　snatched　the　bread　from　the　children　to　feed　their　　dogs；　shocked　the　principles；　scorned　the　scruples；　and　　blasphemed　the　religion　of　their　humble　hosts；　and　when　they　　had　reduced　them　to　destitution；　sold　the　furniture；　and　　burned　down　the　roof…tree　which　was　consecrated　to　the　　peasants　by　the　name　of　Home。　　For　all　this　attention　each　of　　these　soldiers　received　from　his　unwilling　landlord　a　certain　　sum　of　money　per　day　…　three　shillings　sterling；　according　to　　NAPHTALI。　　And　frequently　they　were　forced　to　pay　quartering　　money　for　more　men　than　were　in　reality　'cessed　on　them。'　　At　　that　time　it　was　no　strange　thing　to　behold　a　strong　man　　begging　for　money　to　pay　his　fines；　and　many　others　who　were　　deep　in　arrears；　or　who　had　attracted　attention　in　some　other　　way；　were　forced　to　flee　from　their　homes；　and　take　refuge　　from　arrest　and　imprisonment　among　the　wild　mosses　of　the　　uplands。　（3）
  One　example　in　particular　we　may　cite：
  John　Neilson；　the　Laird　of　Corsack；　a　worthy　man；　was；　　unfortunately　for　himself；　a　Nonconformist。　　First　he　was　　fined　in　four　hundred　pounds　Scots；　and　then　through　cessing　　he　lost　nineteen　hundred　and　ninety…three　pounds　Scots。　　He　　was　next　obliged　to　leave　his　house　and　flee　from　place　to　　place；　during　which　wanderings　he　lost　his　horse。　　His　wife　　and　children　were　turned　out　of　doors；　and　then　his　tenants　　were　fined　till　they　too　were　almost　ruined。　　As　a　final　　stroke；　they　drove　away　all　his　cattle　to　Glasgow　and　sold　　them。　（4）　　Surely　it　was　time　that　something　were　done　to　　alleviate　so　much　sorrow；　to　overthrow　such　tyranny。
  About　this　time　too　there　arrived　in　Galloway　a　person　　calling　himself　Captain　Andrew　Gray；　and　advising　the　people　　to　revolt。　　He　displayed　some　documents　purporting　to　be　from　　the　northern　Covenanters；　and　stating　that　they　were　prepared　　to　join　in　any　enterprise　commenced　by　their　southern　　brethren。　　The　leader　of　the　persecutors　was　Sir　James　　Turner；　an　officer　afterwards　degraded　for　his　share　in　the　　matter。　　'He　was　naturally　fierce；　but　was　mad　when　he　was　　drunk；　and　that　was　very　often；'　said　Bishop　Burnet。　　'He　was　　a　learned　man；　but　had　always　been　in　armies；　and　knew　no　　other　rule　but　to　obey　orders。　　He　told　me　he　had　no　regard　　to　any　law；　but　acted；　as　he　was　commanded；　in　a　military　　way。'　（5）
  This　was　the　state　of　matters；　when　an　outrage　was　committed　　which　gave　spirit　and　determination　to　the　oppressed　　countrymen；　lit　the　flame　of　insubordination；　and　for　the　　time　at　least　recoiled　on　those　who　perpetrated　it　with　　redoubled　force。
  （1）　THEATER　of　MORTALITY；　p。　10；　Edin。　1713。　（2）　HISTORY　OF　MY　OWN　TIMES；　beginning　1660；　by　Bishop　　Gilbert　Burnet；　p。　158。　（3）　Wodrow's　CHURCH　HISTORY；　Book　II。　chap。　i。　sect。　I。　（4）　Crookshank's　CHURCH　HISTORY；　1751；　second　ed。　p。　202。　（5）　Burnet；　p。　348。
  THE　PENTLAND　RISING　　CHAPTER　II　…　THE　BEGINNING
  I　love　no　warres；　I　love　no　jarres；　Nor　strife's　fire。　May　discord　cease；　Let's　live　in　peace：　This　I　desire。
  If　it　must　be　Warre　we　must　see　（So　fates　conspire）；　May　we　not　feel　The　force　of　steel：　This　I　desire。
  T。　JACKSON；　1651　（1）
  UPON　Tuesday；　November　13th；　1666；　Corporal　George　Deanes　and　　three　other　soldiers　set　upon　an　old　man　in　the　clachan　of　　Dalry　and　demanded　the　payment　of　his　fines。　　On　the　old　　man's　refusing　to　pay；　they　forced　a　large　party　of　his　　neighbours　to　go　with　them　and　thresh　his　corn。　　The　field　　was　a　certain　distance　out　of　the　clachan；　and　four　persons；　　disguised　as　countrymen；　who　had　been　out　on　the　moors　all　　night；　met　this　mournful　drove　of　slaves；　compelled　by　the　　four　soldiers　to　work　for　the　ruin　of　their　friend。　　However；　　chided　to　the　bone　by　their　night　on　the　hills；　and　worn　out　　by　want　of　food；　they　proceeded　to　the　village　inn　to　refresh　　themselves。　　Suddenly　some　people　rushed　into　the　room　where　　they　were　sitting；　and　told　them　that　the　soldiers　were　about　　to　roast　the　old　man；　naked；　on　his　own　girdle。　　This　was　too　　much　for　them　to　stand；　and　they　repaired　immediately　to　the　　scene　of　this　gross　outrage；　and　at　first　merely　requested　　that　the　captive　should　be　released。　　On　the　refusal　of　the　　two　soldiers　who　were　in　the　front　room；　high　words　were　　given　and　taken　on　both　sides；　and　the　other　two　rushed　forth　　from　an　adjoining　chamber　and　made　at　the　countrymen　with　　drawn　swords。　　One　of　the　latter；　John　M'Lellan　of　Barscob；　　drew　a　pistol　and　shot　the　corporal　in　the　body。　　The　pieces　　of　tobacco…pipe　with　which　it　was　loaded；　to　the　number　of　　ten　at　least；　entered　him；　and　he　was　so　much　disturbed　that　　he　never　appears　to　have　recovered；　for　we　find　long　　afterwards　a　petition　to　the　Privy　Council　requesting　a　　pension　for　him。　　The　other　soldiers　then　laid　down　their　　arms；　the　old　man　was　rescued；　and　the　rebellion　was　　commenced。　（2）
  And　now　we　must　turn　to　Sir　James　Turner's　memoirs　of　　himself；　for；　strange　to　say；　this　extraordinary　man　was　　remarkably　fond　of　literary　composition；　and　wrote；　besides　　the　amusing　account　of　his　own　adventures　just　mentioned；　a　　large　number　of　essays　and　short　biographies；　and　a　work　on　　war；　entitled　PALLAS　ARMATA。　　The　following　are　some　of　the　　shorter　pieces　'Magick；'　'Friendship；'　'Imprisonment；'　　'Anger；'　'Revenge；'　'Duells；'　'Cruelty；'　'A　Defence　of　some　　of　the　Ceremonies　of　the　English　Liturgie　…　to　wit　…　Bowing　　at　the　Name　of　Jesus；　The　frequent　repetition　of　the　Lord's　　Prayer　and　Good　Lord　deliver　us；　Of　the　Doxologie；　Of　　Surplesses；　Rotchets；　Canonnicall　Coats；'　etc。　　From　what　we　　know　of　his　character　we　should　expect　'Anger'　and　'Cruelty'　　to　be　very　full　and　instructive。　　But　what　earthly　right　he　　had　to　meddle　with　ecclesiastical　subjects　it　is　hard　to　see。
  Upon　the　12th　of　the　month　he　had　received　some　information　　concerning　Gray's　proceedings；　but　as　it　was　excessively　　indefinite　in　its　character；　he　paid　no　attention　to　it。　　On　　the　evening　of　the　14th；　Corporal　Deanes　was　brought　into　　Dumfries；　who　affirmed　stoutly　that　he　had　been　shot　while　　refusing　to　sign　the　Covenant　…　a　story　rendered　singularly　　unlikely　by　the　after　conduct　of　the　rebels。　　Sir　James　　instantly　dispatched　orders　to　the　cessed　soldiers　either　to　　come　to　Dumfries　or　meet　him　on　the　way　to　Dalry；　and　　commanded　the　thirteen　or　fourteen　men　in　the　town　with　him　　to　come　at　nine　next　morning　to　his　lodging　for　supplies。
  On　the　morning　of　Thursday　the　rebels　arrived　at　Dumfries　　with　50　horse　and　150　foot。　　Neilson　of　Corsack；　and　Gray；　　who　commanded；　with　a　considerable　troop；　entered　the　town；　　and　surrounded　Sir　James　Turner's　lodging。　　Though　it　was　　between　eight　and　nine　o'clock；　that　worthy；　being　unwell；　　was　still　in　bed；　but　rose　at　once　and　went　to　the　window。
  Neilson　and　some　others　cried；　'You　may　have　fair　quarter。'
  'I　need　no　quarter；'　replied　Sir　James；　'nor　can　I　be　a　　prisoner；　seeing　there　is　no　war　declared。'　　On　being　told；　　however；　that　he　must　either　be　a　prisoner　or　die；　he　came　　down；　and　went　into　the　street　in　his　night…shirt。　　Here　Gray　　showed　himself　very　desirous　of　killing　him；　but　he　was　　overruled　by　Corsack。　　However；　he　was　taken　away　a　prisoner；　　Captain　Gray　mounting　him　on　his　own　horse；　though；　as　Turner　　naively　remarks；　'ther